阿拉伯木聚糖作为大米副产物中主要的非淀粉多糖对其消化率的影响
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摘要
文章旨在研究糙米、碎米、米糠、米糠粕和统糠中碳水化合物的组成及体外干物质消化率和体外有机物消化率,同时评估大米副产品干物质和有机物体外消化率与碳水化合物成分中纤维含量的相关性。试验分析了碎米、糙米、米糠、米糠粕和统糠的总能、干物质、灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素、粗蛋白质以及粗脂肪含量,同时分析了5种大米副产物的淀粉含量,并以非淀粉多糖、纤维素、可溶、不溶性非纤维素多糖以及木质素为指标对其纤维浓度进行定量。结果显示:米糠总能和粗脂肪含量最高(P <0.05),碎米和糙米中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素和灰分含量显著低于米糠、米糠粕和统糠(P <0.05)。统糠中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素和灰分含量最高(P <0.05),而粗蛋白质含量最低(P <0.05)。碎米和糙米淀粉含量大于80%,米糠和米糠粕淀粉含量低于27%,统糠淀粉含量最低,但粗纤维含量最高。米糠粕中阿拉伯糖和糖醛酸含量高于其他大米副产物,而统糠木糖含量最高,米糠中木糖的含量只有0.01%。碎米和糙米干物质和有机物体外消化率均显著高于其他大米副产物(P <0.05),干物质和有机物体外消化率与中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素、不溶性非纤维多糖、纤维素、非淀粉多糖、可溶性纤维、不溶性纤维和粗纤维含量均表现为显著负相关效应(P <0.05)。结论 :除了统糠主要以纤维素为主要组分外,其他大米副产物的多糖成分主要是阿拉伯木聚糖。随着纤维含量的增加,大米副产物干物质和有机物体外消化率不断降低。
The objectives of this experiment were including two,one was to determine carbohydrate composition and coefficients of in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)and in vitro organic matter digestibility(IVOMD)in brown rice,broken rice,rice bran,defatted rice bran,and rice hull,while the second objective was to test the hypothesis that IVDMD and IVOMD in rice coproducts are negatively correlated with the concentration of fiber in the ingredients. Three samples of broken rice,brown rice,rice bran,defatted rice bran,and rice hull were used for analyzing gross energy,dry matter,ash,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,acid detergent lignin,crude protein and crude fat. The 5 rice coproducts were also analyzed for content of starch,and the fiber concentration was quantified as total non-starch polysaccharides,cellulose,soluble and insoluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides,and lignin. Rice bran had the greatest(P <0.05)concentration of gross energy and crude fat,while broken rice and brown rice had the lowest contents of ash,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin(P <0.05). Rice hull had the highest contents of ash,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin(P <0.05),but lowest contents of crude protein. The concentration of starch was more than 80% in broken rice and brown rice,but less than 27% in rice bran and defatted rice bran. The concentration of xylose was only 0.01%in the soluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides fraction of defatted rice bran. Broken rice and brown rice had greater(P <0.05)IVDMD and IVOMD than the other rice coproducts,while the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,acid detergent lignin insoluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides,cellulose,non-starch polysaccharides,soluble fiber,insolublefiber,crude fiber were negatively correlated(P <0.05)with IVDMD and IVOMD. In conclusion,arabinoxylan is the main polysaccharide in the non-starch polysaccharides fraction of rice byproducts. The IVDMD and IVOMD in rice byproducts is reduced as the concentration of fiber increases.
The objectives of this experiment were including two,one was to determine carbohydrate composition and coefficients of in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)and in vitro organic matter digestibility(IVOMD)in brown rice,broken rice,rice bran,defatted rice bran,and rice hull,while the second objective was to test the hypothesis that IVDMD and IVOMD in rice coproducts are negatively correlated with the concentration of fiber in the ingredients. Three samples of broken rice,brown rice,rice bran,defatted rice bran,and rice hull were used for analyzing gross energy,dry matter,ash,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,acid detergent lignin,crude protein and crude fat. The 5 rice coproducts were also analyzed for content of starch,and the fiber concentration was quantified as total non-starch polysaccharides,cellulose,soluble and insoluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides,and lignin. Rice bran had the greatest(P <0.05)concentration of gross energy and crude fat,while broken rice and brown rice had the lowest contents of ash,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin(P <0.05). Rice hull had the highest contents of ash,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin(P <0.05),but lowest contents of crude protein. The concentration of starch was more than 80% in broken rice and brown rice,but less than 27% in rice bran and defatted rice bran. The concentration of xylose was only 0.01%in the soluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides fraction of defatted rice bran. Broken rice and brown rice had greater(P <0.05)IVDMD and IVOMD than the other rice coproducts,while the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,acid detergent lignin insoluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides,cellulose,non-starch polysaccharides,soluble fiber,insolublefiber,crude fiber were negatively correlated(P <0.05)with IVDMD and IVOMD. In conclusion,arabinoxylan is the main polysaccharide in the non-starch polysaccharides fraction of rice byproducts. The IVDMD and IVOMD in rice byproducts is reduced as the concentration of fiber increases.
引文
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[2]刘建学,吴守一,方如明.大米直链淀粉含量的近红外光谱分析[J].农业工程学报,2000,3:94~96.
[3]谢有发.加工精度对轻碾营养米的营养成分变化及质构特性的影响[D].南昌大学,2012.
[4]Bach Knudsen K E.Fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide content and variation in common crops used in broiler diets[J].Poult Sci,2014,93:2380~2393.
[5]Boisen S,Fernandez J A.Prediction of the total tract digestibility of energy in feedstuffs and pig diets by in vitro analyses[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,1997,68:277~286.
[6]Casas G A,Stein H H.Effects of microbial xylanase on digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,neutral detergent fiber,and energy and the concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in rice coproducts fed to weanling pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2016,94:1933~1939.
[7]Dhital S,Dabit L,Zhang B et al.In vitro digestibility and physicochemical properties of milled rice[J].Food Chem,2015,172:757~765.
[8]Ebringerova A.Structural diversity and application potential of hemicelluloses[J].Macromol Symp,2006,232:1~12.
[9]Jaworski N W,Laerke H N,Bach Knudsen K E et al.Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn,sorghum,and wheat and coproducts from these grains[J].J Anim Sci,2015,93:1103~1113.
[10]Ngoc T T,Len N T,Lindberg J E.Chemical characterization and water holding capacity of fibre-rich feedstuffs used for pigs in Vietnam[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2012,25:861~868.
[11]Reed M O,Ai Y,Leutcher J L et al.Effects of cooking methods and starch structures on starch hydrolysis rates of rice[J].J Food Sci,2013,78:1076~1081.
[12]Sauvant D,Perez J M,Tran G.Tables of Composition and Nutritional Value of Feed Materials:Pigs,Poultry,Cattle,Sheep,Goats,Rabbits,Horses,and Fish[M].Wageningen Academic Publishers,The Netherlands,2004.