和田河流域生态保护红线划定初探
|
摘要
生态保护红线的划定对保障干旱区内陆河流域可持续发展具有重要意义,以探讨适宜于该区域的生态保护红线划定方案为目标,选取和田河流域为研究区,在分析该区天然植被分布特征的基础上将其划分为两个不同等级的生态保护红线区,同时采用潜水蒸发法及基流比例法计算从而划定了该区天然植被生态需水红线,生态流量保护红线及地下水保护红线。结果表明:(1)流域天然植被被划分为重点生态功能区和生态敏感区/脆弱区;(2)下游重点生态功能区和生态敏感区/脆弱区主要分布在距河道5~8 km和8~15 km范围内;(3)天然植被生态需水红线为8.85×10~8m~3;(4)在丰、平、枯水年,生态流量保护红线分别为13.79×10~8m~3、12.14×10~8m~3、10.68×10~8m~3;(5)天然和人工绿洲区地下水位红线分别为2.0~4.0 m和2.0~2.5 m,地下水开采量红线为6.07×10~8m~3。本研究不仅为和田河流域"社会—经济—生态"协调发展提供科学指导,也为干旱区相似流域生态保护红线划定提供借鉴。
The delimitation of ecological protection red line is possessed important significance to guarantee the sustainable development of continental river basin in arid zone. Therefore,the objective of this paper was to discuss the suitable delimitation scheme of ecological protection red lines,and choose the Hotan River Basin as study area.Based on analysis of the distribution characteristics of the natural vegetation,the two different grade of ecological protection red line zones were divided,meanwhile the natural vegetation ecological water demand red line,ecological flow protection red line and groundwater protection red line were calculated and delimited by the phreatic evaporation method and base flow proportion method. The results showed that:( 1) The natural vegetation in the Hotan River Basin was divided into the key ecological function area and ecological sensitive or fragile area.( 2) The key ecological function area and ecological sensitive or fragile area in the lower reaches were major distributed 5~8 km and 8~15 km from the river course,respectively.( 3) The natural vegetation ecological water demand red line was 8.85×10~8 m~3.( 4) In the wet year,normal year and dry year,the ecological flow protection red lines were 13.79×10~8 m~3,12.14×10~8 m~3 and 10.68×10~8 m~3 respectively.( 5) The groundwater table red line for natural and artificial oasis were 2.0~4.0 m and 2.0~2.5 m respectively,the groundwater exploitation red line was 6.07×10~8 m~3. This research not only provides scientific guidance for the coordinated development of "society-economy-ecology"in the Hotan River Basin,but also offers reference for the delimitation of ecological protection red lines in similar basin of arid area.
The delimitation of ecological protection red line is possessed important significance to guarantee the sustainable development of continental river basin in arid zone. Therefore,the objective of this paper was to discuss the suitable delimitation scheme of ecological protection red lines,and choose the Hotan River Basin as study area.Based on analysis of the distribution characteristics of the natural vegetation,the two different grade of ecological protection red line zones were divided,meanwhile the natural vegetation ecological water demand red line,ecological flow protection red line and groundwater protection red line were calculated and delimited by the phreatic evaporation method and base flow proportion method. The results showed that:( 1) The natural vegetation in the Hotan River Basin was divided into the key ecological function area and ecological sensitive or fragile area.( 2) The key ecological function area and ecological sensitive or fragile area in the lower reaches were major distributed 5~8 km and 8~15 km from the river course,respectively.( 3) The natural vegetation ecological water demand red line was 8.85×10~8 m~3.( 4) In the wet year,normal year and dry year,the ecological flow protection red lines were 13.79×10~8 m~3,12.14×10~8 m~3 and 10.68×10~8 m~3 respectively.( 5) The groundwater table red line for natural and artificial oasis were 2.0~4.0 m and 2.0~2.5 m respectively,the groundwater exploitation red line was 6.07×10~8 m~3. This research not only provides scientific guidance for the coordinated development of "society-economy-ecology"in the Hotan River Basin,but also offers reference for the delimitation of ecological protection red lines in similar basin of arid area.
引文
[1]国务院.国务院关于加强环境保护重点工作的意见[R].2011.
[2]杨邦节,高吉喜,邹长新.划定生态保护红线的战略意义[J].中国发展,2014,14(1):1-4.
[3]程苗苗,江洪,陈健,等.基于Landsat数据的新疆和田地区植被覆盖变化研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(3):1239-1244.
[4]彭茹燕.和田河中游地区景观格局遥感研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2001.
[5]Geldmann J,Barnes M,Coad L,et al.Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing habitat loss and population declines[J].Biologicwl Coraservwtiora,2013,161(3):230-238.
[6]Hess G R,Fischer R A.Comomunicating clearly about conservation corridors[J].Landscape and Urban Palnning,2001,55(3):195-208.
[7]Zube E H.Greenways and the US national park system[J].Landscape and Urban Planing,1995,33(94):17-25.
[8]Honachefsky W.Ecologically based municipal planning[M].Boca Raton,FL:Lewis Publisher,1999.
[9]冯宇.呼伦贝尔草原生态红线区划定的方法研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2013.
[10]许妍,梁斌,鲍晨光,等.渤海生态红线划定的指标体系与技术方法研究[J].海洋通报,2013,32(4):361-367.
[11]喻本德,叶友华,郭威,等.生态保护红线分区建设模式研究——以广东大鹏半岛为例[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(6):962-971.
[12]万军,于雷,张培培,等.城市生态保护红线划定方法与实践[J].环境保护科学,2015,41(1):6-11.
[13]新疆和田年鉴编辑委员会.和田地区社会经济统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012:18-256.
[14]关洪涛,杨泽慧,宋剑鹏,等.和田河绿色走廊天然生态需水量估算[J].水资源与水工程学报,2005,16(1):71-74.
[15]叶朝霞,陈亚宁,李卫红.基于生态水文过程的塔里木河下游植被生态需水量研究[J].地理学报,2007,62(6):451-461.
[16]胡顺军.塔里木河干流流域生态—环境需水研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[17]吴喜军,李怀恩,董颖,等.基于基流比例法的渭河生态基流计算[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):154-159.
[18]Ling H B,Xu H L,Zhang Q Q,et al.Runoff variation law and its response to climate change in the headstream area of the Keriya River Basin,Xinjiang[J].J Earth Sci,2011,22:780-791.
[19]许有鹏.干旱区水资源承载力综合评价研究——以新疆和田河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,1993,8(3):229-237.
[20]欧阳志云.中国生态功能区划[J].中国勘察设计,2007,1(3):21-22.
[21]傅荩仪,徐海量,赵新风,等.塔里木河下游漫溢干扰频次和持续时间对河岸植被和土壤的影响差异[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):11-20.
[22]徐海量,叶茂,李吉玫,等.河水漫溢对荒漠河岸林植物群落生态特征的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):4990-4998.
[23]Arthington A H,Bunn S E,Poff N L,et al.The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems[J].Ecological Applications,2006,16(4):1311-1318.
[24]WECD.Our Common Future-From One Earth to One World[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987.
[25]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,清华大学,新疆塔里木河流域管理局.塔里木河流域整治及生态环境保护研究[R].2000.
[26]樊自立,马英杰,张宏,等.塔里木河流域生态地下水位及其合理深度确定[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(1):8-13.
[27]董新光.新疆地下水资源[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2005,192-207.
[28]赵成义,王玉朝,李国振.荒漠—绿洲边缘区研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):93-97.
[29]穆桂金,贺俊霞,雷加强,等.再议绿洲-沙漠过渡带-以策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带为例[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):195-202.
[2]杨邦节,高吉喜,邹长新.划定生态保护红线的战略意义[J].中国发展,2014,14(1):1-4.
[3]程苗苗,江洪,陈健,等.基于Landsat数据的新疆和田地区植被覆盖变化研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(3):1239-1244.
[4]彭茹燕.和田河中游地区景观格局遥感研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2001.
[5]Geldmann J,Barnes M,Coad L,et al.Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing habitat loss and population declines[J].Biologicwl Coraservwtiora,2013,161(3):230-238.
[6]Hess G R,Fischer R A.Comomunicating clearly about conservation corridors[J].Landscape and Urban Palnning,2001,55(3):195-208.
[7]Zube E H.Greenways and the US national park system[J].Landscape and Urban Planing,1995,33(94):17-25.
[8]Honachefsky W.Ecologically based municipal planning[M].Boca Raton,FL:Lewis Publisher,1999.
[9]冯宇.呼伦贝尔草原生态红线区划定的方法研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2013.
[10]许妍,梁斌,鲍晨光,等.渤海生态红线划定的指标体系与技术方法研究[J].海洋通报,2013,32(4):361-367.
[11]喻本德,叶友华,郭威,等.生态保护红线分区建设模式研究——以广东大鹏半岛为例[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(6):962-971.
[12]万军,于雷,张培培,等.城市生态保护红线划定方法与实践[J].环境保护科学,2015,41(1):6-11.
[13]新疆和田年鉴编辑委员会.和田地区社会经济统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012:18-256.
[14]关洪涛,杨泽慧,宋剑鹏,等.和田河绿色走廊天然生态需水量估算[J].水资源与水工程学报,2005,16(1):71-74.
[15]叶朝霞,陈亚宁,李卫红.基于生态水文过程的塔里木河下游植被生态需水量研究[J].地理学报,2007,62(6):451-461.
[16]胡顺军.塔里木河干流流域生态—环境需水研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[17]吴喜军,李怀恩,董颖,等.基于基流比例法的渭河生态基流计算[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):154-159.
[18]Ling H B,Xu H L,Zhang Q Q,et al.Runoff variation law and its response to climate change in the headstream area of the Keriya River Basin,Xinjiang[J].J Earth Sci,2011,22:780-791.
[19]许有鹏.干旱区水资源承载力综合评价研究——以新疆和田河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,1993,8(3):229-237.
[20]欧阳志云.中国生态功能区划[J].中国勘察设计,2007,1(3):21-22.
[21]傅荩仪,徐海量,赵新风,等.塔里木河下游漫溢干扰频次和持续时间对河岸植被和土壤的影响差异[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):11-20.
[22]徐海量,叶茂,李吉玫,等.河水漫溢对荒漠河岸林植物群落生态特征的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):4990-4998.
[23]Arthington A H,Bunn S E,Poff N L,et al.The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems[J].Ecological Applications,2006,16(4):1311-1318.
[24]WECD.Our Common Future-From One Earth to One World[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987.
[25]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,清华大学,新疆塔里木河流域管理局.塔里木河流域整治及生态环境保护研究[R].2000.
[26]樊自立,马英杰,张宏,等.塔里木河流域生态地下水位及其合理深度确定[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(1):8-13.
[27]董新光.新疆地下水资源[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2005,192-207.
[28]赵成义,王玉朝,李国振.荒漠—绿洲边缘区研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):93-97.
[29]穆桂金,贺俊霞,雷加强,等.再议绿洲-沙漠过渡带-以策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带为例[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):195-202.