和田河流域绿洲区地下水“三氮”污染状况及影响因素
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摘要
以和田河流域绿洲区地下水污染调查数据为基础,对地下水"三氮"的污染状况及影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,和田河流域绿洲区地下水"三氮"污染不是很严重,但随时间呈不断加重的趋势.硝酸盐氮是绿洲区地下水中"三氮"的主要存在形态,其含量、检出率和超标率最高,氨氮次之,亚硝酸盐氮最低.地下水中"三氮"含量的空间分布表现出一定的规律性,水平方向上,绿洲南部硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的含量普遍高于绿洲北部,而氨氮在北部的分布范围比南部广;垂直方向上,浅层潜水中"三氮"的含量高于中深层潜水;与新疆其他地区相比,和田河流域绿洲区地下水中硝酸盐氮含量较高,亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮含量较低.绿洲区地下水中"三氮"的来源主要与居民日常生活和农业生产有关,其存在形态和分布特征主要与水化学环境、包气带岩性和厚度及地下水径流条件等因素有关.
Based on groundwater pollution survey data,the pollution status and influencing factors of"Three-Nitrogen"in groundwater were investigated in the oasis area of Hotan River basin. The reeults showed that "Three-Nitrogen"pollution of groundwater in the oasis area of Hotan river basin was not serious,but increased over time. The content,detection rate and over standard rate of nitrate nitrogen were the highest,followed by ammonia nitrogen,and nitrite nitrogen was lowest in the groundwater. The spatial distribution of "Three-Nitrogen"content in the study area showed some pattern. In the horizontal direction,the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen decreased gradually from south to north,but the distribution of ammonia nitrogen in the north was wider than that in the south. In the vertical direction,"Three-Nitrogen"content in the middle-deep unconfined groundwater area was higher than that in the shallow unconfined groundwater. Compared with other regions in Xinxiang,the content of nitrate nitrogen in the oasis area of Hogan river basin was high,while the content of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were low. The sources of "ThreeNitrogen"were mainly related to resident life and agricultural production. There were many factors that influenced the form and distribution characteristics of "Three-Nitrogen"in groundwater,which include the lithology and thickness of aeration zone,hydrochemical environment and groundwater runoff conditions.
Based on groundwater pollution survey data,the pollution status and influencing factors of"Three-Nitrogen"in groundwater were investigated in the oasis area of Hotan River basin. The reeults showed that "Three-Nitrogen"pollution of groundwater in the oasis area of Hotan river basin was not serious,but increased over time. The content,detection rate and over standard rate of nitrate nitrogen were the highest,followed by ammonia nitrogen,and nitrite nitrogen was lowest in the groundwater. The spatial distribution of "Three-Nitrogen"content in the study area showed some pattern. In the horizontal direction,the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen decreased gradually from south to north,but the distribution of ammonia nitrogen in the north was wider than that in the south. In the vertical direction,"Three-Nitrogen"content in the middle-deep unconfined groundwater area was higher than that in the shallow unconfined groundwater. Compared with other regions in Xinxiang,the content of nitrate nitrogen in the oasis area of Hogan river basin was high,while the content of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were low. The sources of "ThreeNitrogen"were mainly related to resident life and agricultural production. There were many factors that influenced the form and distribution characteristics of "Three-Nitrogen"in groundwater,which include the lithology and thickness of aeration zone,hydrochemical environment and groundwater runoff conditions.
引文
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[2]於嘉闻,周金龙,曾妍妍,等.新疆喀什地区东部地下水“三氮”空间分布特征及影响因素[J].环境化学,2016,35(11):2402-2410.Yu J W,ZHOU J L,ZENG Y Y,et al. Spatial distribution and influencing factors of“Three-Nitrogen”in groundwater of the eastern area ofKashgar,Xinjiang[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(11):2402-2410(in Chinese).
[3]罗泽娇,靳孟贵.地下水三氮污染的研究进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(4):65-69.LUO Z J,JIN M G. Research progress of ammonia,nitrite and nitrate pollution in groundwater[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2002,(4):65-69(in Chinese).
[4] KOH E H,LEE S H,KAOWU D,et al. Impacts of land use change and groundwater management on long-term nitrate-nitrogen and chloridetrends in groundwater of Jeju Island,Korea[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(4):1-16.
[5]许可,陈鸿汉.地下水中三氮污染物迁移转化规律研究进展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(12):421-424.XU K,CHEN H H. Progression three forms of nitrogen contaminant transport and transform in groundwater[J].China Population,Resourcesand Environment,2011,21(12):421-424(in Chinese).
[6]黄领梅,沈冰,张高锋.新疆和田绿洲适宜规模的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):1-4.HUANG L M,SHEN B,ZHANG G F. Study on the suitable scale for Hotan oasis,Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources andEnvironment,2008,22(9):1-4(in Chinese).
[7]刘敏.和田绿洲地下水时空分布规律及其生态环境效应研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007:15.LIU M. Study on groundwater spatiotemporal distribution law and its environmental effects in Hotan oasis[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University ofTechnology,2007:15(in Chinese).
[8]马金珠.新疆和田地区地下水资源及其可持续开发利用[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(3):242-248.Ma J Z. Groundwater resources and its sustainable development in Hotan region,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Desert Research,2002,22(3):242-248(in Chinese).
[9]张艳丽.和田县(市)地下水水化学基本特征[J].新疆地质,2008,26(2):184-188.ZHANG Y L. Basic hydro-chemical features of groundwater in hetian county[J].Xinjiang Geology,2008,26(2):184-188(in Chinese).
[10]李建成,董克鹏,兰文军,等.新疆和田地区地表水水资源评价[R].和田:新疆和田水文水资源勘测局,2014.LI J C,DONG K P,LAN W J,et al. Evaluation of surface water resources in Hotan,Xinjiang[R]. Hotan:Xinjiang hotan hydrologybureau,2014(in Chinese).
[11]赵丽,张韵,张丹,等.重庆西部红层浅层地下水中“三氮”污染现状及影响因素分析[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(6):46-49,53.ZHAO L,ZHANG Y,ZHANG D,et al. Pollution situation and influence factors of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogenin shallow groundwater of red-bed region in western Chongqing City[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2016,38(6):46-49,53(inChinese).
[12]任加国,武倩倩.水文地球化学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,2014:25.REN J G,WU Q Q. Hydrogeochemical basis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2014:25(in Chinese).
[13]侯珺,周金龙,曾妍妍,等.石河子地区地下水“三氮”空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(1):2-8.HOU J,ZHOU J L,ZENG Y Y,Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and influence factors of ammonia-N,nitrate-N and nitrite-Nin groundwater in Shihezi area[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2018,29(1):2-8(in Chinese).
[14]吴海燕,傅世锋,蔡晓琼,等.东山岛地下水“三氮”空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3204-3211.WU H Y,FU S F,CAI X Q,et al. Spatial variation of ammonia-N,nitrate-N and nitrite-N in groundwater of Dongshan island[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3204-3211(in Chinese).
[15]姬亚东,张黎,钱会.银川地区地下水氮污染原因及防治[J].地球科学与环境学报,2005,27(3):100-103.JI Y D,ZHANG L,QIAN H. Reason and prevention measures of nitrogen pollution in groundwater at Yinchuan Area[J].Journal of EarthSciences and Environment,2005,27(3):100-103(in Chinese).
[16]曾妍妍,周殷竹,周金龙,等.新疆喀什地区西部地下水质量现状评价[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(2):167-172.ZENG Y Y,ZHOU Y Z,ZHOU J L,et al. Assessment of groundwater quality status in western Kashgar,Xinjiang[J].Journal of XinjiangAgricultural University,2016,39(2):167-172(in Chinese).
[17]梁秀娟,肖长来,盛洪勋,等.吉林市地下水中“三氮”迁移转化规律[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(2):335-340,345.LIANG X J,XIAO C L,SHENG H X,et al. Migration and transformation of ammonia-nitrite-nitrates in groundwater in the city of Jilin[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2007,37(2):335-340,345(in Chinese).
[18] CHEN J,QIAN H,WU H. Nitrogen contamination in groundwater in an agricultural region along the New Silk Road,northwest China:distribution and factors controlling its fate[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(15):13154-13167.
[19]雒芸芸,马振民,侯玉松,等.焦作地区浅层地下水中“三氮”污染特征及机制研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2013,(2):38-40,44.LUO Y Y,MA Z M,HOU Y S,et al. Research on“Three Nitrogen“pollution characteristics and mechanism in shallow groundwater ofJiaozuo area[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013,(2):38-40,44(in Chinese).