内蒙古河套灌区典型监测区不同时期地下水变化特征
|
摘要
选择内蒙古河套灌区一典型监测区作为研究区,对区内地下水埋深、TDS、主要离子等进行了连续监测(2012年5月-2015年12月),运用统计学方法分析了试验区内地下水埋深、TDS等在全监测期、非冻融期和作物生长期的变化特征,以及各关键环境要素间的相关性。研究结果表明:(1)研究区内约82%地下水属于微咸水,TDS大多介于1～2g/L,地下水化学类型为HCO3-+Cl--Na++Mg2+型;(2)地下水埋深与TDS呈微弱正相关,而TDS与Cl-、SO42-和K++Na+在三个时期的相关系数均比较大,属于高度相关,这些离子的变化对地下水质的影响较大;(3)综合变异分析、相关分析和主成分分析,Cl-和TDS的相关性均为作物生长期>非冻融期>全监测期,说明蒸发浓缩和溶滤作用对灌区地下水水化学特征的影响占主导地位。
A typical monitoring area of the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia was used in this study to explore the groundwater charactristics at different periods.The depth to water table,total dissolved solid(TDS)and eight major ions were continuously monitored from 05/2012 to 12/2015.The characteristics of depth to groundwater and TDSwere analyzed with statistical methods,based on the filed observation data,for the entire monitoring period,non-freezing-thawing period and crop growth period,respectively.The results showed that:(1)82% of the groundwater in the study area was brackish water.TDS was mostly between 1～2 g/L.The groundwater chemical type was HCO-3+Cl--Na++Mg2+.(2)There was a slightly positive correlation between depth to water table and TDS.However,the correlation coefficients between TDSand Cl-,SO2-4,K++Na+were relatively higher for all three periods,which implied that these ions had a great impact on TDS.(3)The correlation coefficients between Cl-and TDSat three periods were crop growth period>non-freezing-thawing period>the entire monitoring period,indicating that concentration caused by evaporation and leaching played the dominant role in the variations of the groundwater chemical characteristics.
A typical monitoring area of the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia was used in this study to explore the groundwater charactristics at different periods.The depth to water table,total dissolved solid(TDS)and eight major ions were continuously monitored from 05/2012 to 12/2015.The characteristics of depth to groundwater and TDSwere analyzed with statistical methods,based on the filed observation data,for the entire monitoring period,non-freezing-thawing period and crop growth period,respectively.The results showed that:(1)82% of the groundwater in the study area was brackish water.TDS was mostly between 1～2 g/L.The groundwater chemical type was HCO-3+Cl--Na++Mg2+.(2)There was a slightly positive correlation between depth to water table and TDS.However,the correlation coefficients between TDSand Cl-,SO2-4,K++Na+were relatively higher for all three periods,which implied that these ions had a great impact on TDS.(3)The correlation coefficients between Cl-and TDSat three periods were crop growth period>non-freezing-thawing period>the entire monitoring period,indicating that concentration caused by evaporation and leaching played the dominant role in the variations of the groundwater chemical characteristics.
引文
[1]闫金凤,郭全军,陈曦,等.新疆三工河流域绿洲地下水水质空间变异特征分析[J].资源科学,2009(10):1710-1716.(YAN J F,GUO Q J,CHEN X,et al.Characteristics of spatial variations in groundwater quality of arid oases over the Sangong River Basin in Xinjiang,China[J].Resources Science,2009(10):1710-1716.(in Chinese))
[2]刘文杰,苏永中,杨荣,等.民勤地下水水化学特征和矿化度的时空变化[J].环境科学,2009(10):2911-2917.(LIU W J,SU Y Z,YANG R,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of mineralization for the groundwater in Minqin Oasis[J].Environmental Science,2009(10):2911-2917.(in Chinese))
[3]杜军,杨培岭,李云开,等.河套灌区年内地下水埋深与矿化度的时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(7):26-31.(DU J,YANG P L,LI Y K,et al.Analysis of spatial and temporal variations of groundwater level and its salinity in Hetao Irrigation District[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(7):26-31.(in Chinese))
[4]屈忠义,陈亚新,史海滨,等.内蒙古河套灌区节水灌溉工程实施后地下水变化的BP模型预测[J].农业工程学报,2003(1):59-62.(QU Z Y,CHEN Y X,SHI H B,et al.Regional groundwater depth forecast by BP model of post-water-saving reconstruction in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2003(1):59-62.(in Chinese))
[5]李彬,史海滨,闫建文,等.节水改造后盐渍化灌区区域地下水埋深与土壤水盐的关系[J].水土保持学报,2014(1):117-122.(LI B,SHI H B,YAN J W,et al.Relation between groundwater depth and soil water and salt after water saving reform in salinization irrigation district[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014(1):117-122.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.21.013.
[6]张越,赵勇,薛泽宇,等.河套灌区地下水时空变化趋势成因分析[J].人民黄河,2016,38(11):44-49.(ZHANG Y,ZHAO Y,XUE Z Y,et al.Cause analysis of temporal and spatial variation of groundwater level in Hetao Irrigation Area[J].Yellow River,2016,38(11):44-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2016.11.011.
[7]任增平,闫俊萍.内蒙古达拉特旗平原区地下水水化学特征及形成机制分析[J].中国煤田地质,1999(3):30-34.(REN Z P,YAN J P.Analysis on the groundwater chemistry characteristics and their forming mechanism,in Dalad Qi Plain,Inner Mongolia[J].Coal Geology of China,1999(3):30-34.(in Chinese))
[8]李彬,史海滨,张建国,等.节水改造前后内蒙古河套灌区地下水水化学特征[J].农业工程学报,2014(21):99-110.(LI B,SHI H B,ZHANG J G,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater before and after water-saving reform in Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(21):99-110.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.21.013
[9] FAVARA R,GRASSA F,VALENZA M.Hydrochemical evolution and environmental features of Salso River catchment,central Sicily(Italy)[J].Environmental Geology,2000,39(11):1205-1215.
[10] BARAM S,KURTZMAN D,RONEN Z,et al.Assessing the impact of dairy waste lagoons on groundwater quality using a spatial analysis of vadose zone and groundwater information in a coastal phreatic aquifer[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,132:135-144.DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.008.
[11] EXNER M E,HIRSH A J,SPALDING R F.Nebraska′s groundwater legacy:Nitrate contamination beneath irrigated cropland[J].Water Resources Research,2014,50(5):4474-4489.DOI:10.1002/2013WR015073.
[12] KIM K,YUN S,MAYER B,et al.Quantification of nitrate sources in groundwater using hydrochemical and dual isotopic data combined with a Bayesian mixing model[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2015,199:369-381.DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.014.
[13]刘显泽,岳卫峰,倪宝锋,等.秋浇对内蒙古义长灌域地下水动态的影响[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):380-386.(LIU X Z,YUE W F,NI B F,et al.Impact of autumn irrigation on groundwater dynamics in Yichang Irrigation Sub-district,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2016,52(3):380-386.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16360/j.cnki.jbnuns.2016.03.021.
[14]马金慧.内蒙古河套灌区不同引水水平对地下水环境变化的预测研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.(MA J H.Prediction and research on the change of groundwater environment on the conditions of different diversion level in Hetao irrigation district of inner Mongolia[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese))
[15]张春潮,魏哲,孙一博,等.关中盆地潜水水文地球化学演化机理[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013,11(5):48-52.(ZHANG C C,WEI Z,SUN Y B,et al.Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in Guanzhong Basin[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013,11(5):48-52.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2013.05048.
[16]乔云峰,王晓红,沈冰,等.和田绿洲地下水特征及其对生态植被的影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2004,21(2):28-31.(QIAO Y F,WANG X H,SHEN B,et al.Groundwater characteristics and their effects on vegetation in Hotian oasis[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2004,21(2):28-31.(in Chinese))
[17]韩宇平,张冬青,刘中培.人民胜利渠灌区地下水水化学特征研究[J].人民黄河,2018,40(8):85-90.(HAN Y P,ZHANG D Q,LIU Z P.Study on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the People′s Victory Canal Irrigation Area[J].Yellow River,2018,40(8):85-90.(in Chinese))
[2]刘文杰,苏永中,杨荣,等.民勤地下水水化学特征和矿化度的时空变化[J].环境科学,2009(10):2911-2917.(LIU W J,SU Y Z,YANG R,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of mineralization for the groundwater in Minqin Oasis[J].Environmental Science,2009(10):2911-2917.(in Chinese))
[3]杜军,杨培岭,李云开,等.河套灌区年内地下水埋深与矿化度的时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(7):26-31.(DU J,YANG P L,LI Y K,et al.Analysis of spatial and temporal variations of groundwater level and its salinity in Hetao Irrigation District[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(7):26-31.(in Chinese))
[4]屈忠义,陈亚新,史海滨,等.内蒙古河套灌区节水灌溉工程实施后地下水变化的BP模型预测[J].农业工程学报,2003(1):59-62.(QU Z Y,CHEN Y X,SHI H B,et al.Regional groundwater depth forecast by BP model of post-water-saving reconstruction in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2003(1):59-62.(in Chinese))
[5]李彬,史海滨,闫建文,等.节水改造后盐渍化灌区区域地下水埋深与土壤水盐的关系[J].水土保持学报,2014(1):117-122.(LI B,SHI H B,YAN J W,et al.Relation between groundwater depth and soil water and salt after water saving reform in salinization irrigation district[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014(1):117-122.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.21.013.
[6]张越,赵勇,薛泽宇,等.河套灌区地下水时空变化趋势成因分析[J].人民黄河,2016,38(11):44-49.(ZHANG Y,ZHAO Y,XUE Z Y,et al.Cause analysis of temporal and spatial variation of groundwater level in Hetao Irrigation Area[J].Yellow River,2016,38(11):44-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2016.11.011.
[7]任增平,闫俊萍.内蒙古达拉特旗平原区地下水水化学特征及形成机制分析[J].中国煤田地质,1999(3):30-34.(REN Z P,YAN J P.Analysis on the groundwater chemistry characteristics and their forming mechanism,in Dalad Qi Plain,Inner Mongolia[J].Coal Geology of China,1999(3):30-34.(in Chinese))
[8]李彬,史海滨,张建国,等.节水改造前后内蒙古河套灌区地下水水化学特征[J].农业工程学报,2014(21):99-110.(LI B,SHI H B,ZHANG J G,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater before and after water-saving reform in Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(21):99-110.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.21.013
[9] FAVARA R,GRASSA F,VALENZA M.Hydrochemical evolution and environmental features of Salso River catchment,central Sicily(Italy)[J].Environmental Geology,2000,39(11):1205-1215.
[10] BARAM S,KURTZMAN D,RONEN Z,et al.Assessing the impact of dairy waste lagoons on groundwater quality using a spatial analysis of vadose zone and groundwater information in a coastal phreatic aquifer[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,132:135-144.DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.008.
[11] EXNER M E,HIRSH A J,SPALDING R F.Nebraska′s groundwater legacy:Nitrate contamination beneath irrigated cropland[J].Water Resources Research,2014,50(5):4474-4489.DOI:10.1002/2013WR015073.
[12] KIM K,YUN S,MAYER B,et al.Quantification of nitrate sources in groundwater using hydrochemical and dual isotopic data combined with a Bayesian mixing model[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2015,199:369-381.DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.014.
[13]刘显泽,岳卫峰,倪宝锋,等.秋浇对内蒙古义长灌域地下水动态的影响[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):380-386.(LIU X Z,YUE W F,NI B F,et al.Impact of autumn irrigation on groundwater dynamics in Yichang Irrigation Sub-district,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2016,52(3):380-386.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16360/j.cnki.jbnuns.2016.03.021.
[14]马金慧.内蒙古河套灌区不同引水水平对地下水环境变化的预测研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.(MA J H.Prediction and research on the change of groundwater environment on the conditions of different diversion level in Hetao irrigation district of inner Mongolia[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese))
[15]张春潮,魏哲,孙一博,等.关中盆地潜水水文地球化学演化机理[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013,11(5):48-52.(ZHANG C C,WEI Z,SUN Y B,et al.Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in Guanzhong Basin[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013,11(5):48-52.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1201.2013.05048.
[16]乔云峰,王晓红,沈冰,等.和田绿洲地下水特征及其对生态植被的影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2004,21(2):28-31.(QIAO Y F,WANG X H,SHEN B,et al.Groundwater characteristics and their effects on vegetation in Hotian oasis[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2004,21(2):28-31.(in Chinese))
[17]韩宇平,张冬青,刘中培.人民胜利渠灌区地下水水化学特征研究[J].人民黄河,2018,40(8):85-90.(HAN Y P,ZHANG D Q,LIU Z P.Study on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the People′s Victory Canal Irrigation Area[J].Yellow River,2018,40(8):85-90.(in Chinese))