有机物料腐熟剂对玉米和水稻秸秆还田效应的影响
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摘要
通过网袋法模拟秸秆还田(设置玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆单独还田,玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆+有机物料腐熟剂还田4个试验处理)研究有机物料腐熟剂对玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆还田后秸秆腐解率和腐解残余物有机碳及腐殖质组分的影响;通过秸秆还田盆栽试验(设置无秸秆还田,玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆单独还田,玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆+有机物料腐熟剂还田5个试验处理)研究有机物料腐熟剂对玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆还田后土壤基本性质以及生菜生物量和养分质量分数的影响。结果表明:有机物料腐熟剂促进秸秆腐解效果明显,与秸秆单独还田相比,玉米秸和水稻秸+有机物料腐熟剂还田的秸秆腐解率分别提高32.36%和29.76%,有机物料腐熟剂有促进腐解残余物有机碳质量分数下降的趋势,腐殖酸质量分数分别提高29.17%和20.71%,胡敏酸质量分数分别提高55.60%和48.84%,胡敏酸/富里酸比值分别提高54.17%和29.73%;且以玉米秸+有机物料腐熟剂的腐解效果更好;秸秆+有机物料腐熟剂还田显著增加土壤活性有机质、碱解氮和有效磷的质量分数以及生菜生物量,同时促进生菜对养分的吸收。与秸秆单独还田相比,玉米秸和水稻秸添加有机物料腐熟剂还田的土壤活性有机质质量分数分别增加12.74%、9.01%,生物量分别提高25.85%、18.07%,且以玉米秸+有机物料腐熟剂的腐解效果更好。可以看出,玉米秸和水稻秸添加有机物料腐熟剂还田均可促进秸秆的腐解和有机物质转化,改善土壤理化性质、提高作物产量。
The methods of combining net bag simulated straw-returning and straw returning pot experiment was carried to study effects of organic matter-decomposition inoculant on maize and rice straw returning.Net bag simulated straw-returning experiment had four treatments,including maize and rice straw returning alone,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant.Straw returning pot experiment had five treatments,including having no straw returning,maize and rice straw returning alone,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant.The results showed that,organic matter-decomposition inoculant expedited the decomposing rates of maize and rice straw,promoted the conversion of organic matter and formation of new humus.Compared with straw returning alone,the treatment of combining maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant accelerated decomposition rates by 32.36% and 29.76%,respectively;the mass fraction of humus increased 29.17% and 20.71%respectively;the mass fraction of humic acid increased by 55.60%and 48.84%respectively;humic acid/fulvic acid ratio increased by54.17% and 29.73%respectively.Organic matter-decomposition inoculant increased the mass fraction of soil active organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and lettuce biomass,and improves lettuce absorb nutrients.Compared with straw returning alone,the treatment of combining maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant increased soil active matter mass fraction by 12.74% and 9.01%respectively;lettuce biomass increased by 25.85% and 18.07%respectively.In conclusion,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant can speed up the degree of straw decomposing,conversion of organic matter and formation of new humus,improving soil properties,and benefit to crop yields.
The methods of combining net bag simulated straw-returning and straw returning pot experiment was carried to study effects of organic matter-decomposition inoculant on maize and rice straw returning.Net bag simulated straw-returning experiment had four treatments,including maize and rice straw returning alone,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant.Straw returning pot experiment had five treatments,including having no straw returning,maize and rice straw returning alone,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant.The results showed that,organic matter-decomposition inoculant expedited the decomposing rates of maize and rice straw,promoted the conversion of organic matter and formation of new humus.Compared with straw returning alone,the treatment of combining maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant accelerated decomposition rates by 32.36% and 29.76%,respectively;the mass fraction of humus increased 29.17% and 20.71%respectively;the mass fraction of humic acid increased by 55.60%and 48.84%respectively;humic acid/fulvic acid ratio increased by54.17% and 29.73%respectively.Organic matter-decomposition inoculant increased the mass fraction of soil active organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and lettuce biomass,and improves lettuce absorb nutrients.Compared with straw returning alone,the treatment of combining maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant increased soil active matter mass fraction by 12.74% and 9.01%respectively;lettuce biomass increased by 25.85% and 18.07%respectively.In conclusion,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter-decomposition inoculant can speed up the degree of straw decomposing,conversion of organic matter and formation of new humus,improving soil properties,and benefit to crop yields.
引文
[1]高利伟,马林,张卫峰,等.中国作物秸秆养分资源数量估算及其利用状况[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(7):173-179.GAO L W,MA L,ZHANG W F,et al.Estimation of nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its utilization situation in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(7):173-179(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[4]毕于运,高春雨.秸秆还田主要有哪些方式?[EB/OL](2014-07-28)[2014-09-21].http://www.caas.net.cn/zt/kxjd1/241624.shtml.BI Y Y,GAO CH Y.What are the main ways of staw returning?[EB/OL](2014-07-28)[2014-09-21].http://www.caas.net.cn/zt/kxjd1/241624.shtml(in Chinese).
[5]武际,郭熙盛,鲁剑巍,等.不同水稻栽培模式下小麦秸秆腐解特征及对土壤生物学特性和养分状况的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(2):565-575.WU J,GUO X SH,LU J W,et al.Decomposition characteristics of wheat straw and effects on soil biological properties and nutrient status under different rice cultivation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(2):565-575(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]许卫剑,庞娇霞,严菊敏,等.秸秆腐熟剂的作用机理及应用效果[J].现代农业科技,2011(5):277.XU W J,PANG J X,YAN J M,et al.Mechanism and application of straw decomposition agent effect[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2011(5):277(in Chinese).
[7]于建光,常志州,黄红英,等.秸秆腐熟剂对土壤微生物及养分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):563-570.YU J G,CHANG ZH ZH,HUANG H Y,et al.Effect of microbial inoculants for straw decomposing on soil microorganisms and the nutrients[J].Journal of Agro-Environ ment Science,2010,29(3):563-570(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]PATHAK H,SINGH R,BHATIA A,et al.Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2006,4(2):111-117.
[9]陈璋.稻田秸秆还田腐熟剂品种比较试验[J].现代农业科技,2011(16):250-251.CHEN ZH.Paddy straw composting agent variety test[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2011(16):250-251(in Chinese).
[10]张静,温晓霞,廖允成,等.不同玉米秸秆还田量对土壤肥力及冬小麦产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):612-619.ZHANG J,WEN X X,LIAO Y CH,et al.Effect of different amount of maize straw returning on soil fertility and yield of winter wheat[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(3):612-619(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]宁建凤,邹献中,杨少海,等.有机无机氮肥配施对土壤氮淋失及油麦菜生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,23(11):95-100.NING J F,ZOU X ZH,YANG SH H,et al.Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the soil nitrogen leaching and the growth of leaf used lettuce[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,23(11):95-100(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]翟修彩,刘明,李忠佩,等.不同添加剂处理对水稻秸秆腐解效果的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(12):24122419.ZHAI X C,LIU M,LI ZH P,et al.Effect of different additives on decomposition of rice straw[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(12):2412-2419(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]KUMADA K,SATO O,OHSUMI Y,et al.Humus composition of maintain soil in central Japan with special reference to the distribution of P type humic acid[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1967,13:151-1581.
[14]于荣,徐明岗,王伯仁.土壤活性有机质测定方法的比较[J].土壤肥料,2005(2):49-52.YU R,XU M G,WANG B R.Study on methods for determining labile orange matter of soils[J].Soils and Fertilizers,2005(2):49-52(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:39-114,257-271.BAO SH D.Soil Agricultural Analysis(Third Edition)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:39-114,257-271(in Chinese).
[16]胡宏祥,马中文,邵致远.还田秸秆腐解特征研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(5):44-46.HU H X,MA ZH W,SHAO ZH Y.Decomposition characteristics of returned straw[J].Hunan Agricuhural Sciences,2012(5):44-46(in Chinese).
[17]李逢雨,孙锡发,冯文强,等.麦秆、油菜秆还田腐解速率及养分释放规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):374-380.LI F Y,SUN X F,FENG W Q,et al.Nutrient release patterns and decomposing rates of wheat and rapeseed straw[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):374-380(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]戴志刚,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):272-276.DAI ZH G,LU J W,LI X K,et al.Nutrient release characteristics of different crop straws manure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(6):272-276(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环等.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):526-535.PAN J L,DAI W A,SHANG ZH H,et al.Review of research progress on the influence and mechanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil organic matter and nitrogen availability[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(5):526-535(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]徐明岗,于荣,王伯仁.长期不同施肥下红壤活性有机质与碳库管理指数变化[J].土壤学报,2006,43(5):723-729.XU M G,YU R,WANG B R.Labile organic matter and carbon management index in red soil under long-term fertilization[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(5):723-729(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]路文涛,贾志宽,张鹏,等.秸秆还田对宁南旱作农田土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(3):522-528.LU W T,JIA ZH K,ZHANG P,et al.Effects of straw returning on soil labile organic carbon and enzyme activity in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(3):522-528(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]陈尚洪,朱钟麟,刘定辉,等.秸秆还田和免耕对土壤养分及碳库管理指数的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(4):806-809.CHEN SH H,ZHU ZH L,LIU D H,et al.Influence of straw mulching with no-till on soil nutrients and carbon pool management index[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,14(4):806-809(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]马超,周静,刘满强,等.秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分及活性有机碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):70-76.MA CH,ZHOU J,LIU M Q,et al.Effects of incorporation of pre-treated straws into field nutrients and labile organic carbon in lime concretion black soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(5):70-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]路文涛,贾志宽,高飞,等.秸秆还田对宁南旱作农田土壤水分及作物生产力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(1):93-99.LU W T,JIA ZH K,GAO F,et al.Effects of straw returning on soil water and crop productivity in the rainfed area of southern Ningxia,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(1):93-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]刘巽浩,高旺盛,朱文姗.秸秆还田机理与技术模式[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:14-15.LIU G H,GAO W SH,ZHU W SH.Straw Returning Mechanism and Technology Models[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:14-15(in Chinese).
[2]杨帆,李荣,崔勇,等.我国有机肥料资源利用现状与发展建议[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(4):77-82.YANG F,LI R,CUI Y,et al.Utilization and develop strategy of organic fertilizer resources in China[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2010(4):77-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]杨滨娟,钱海燕,黄国勤,等.秸秆还田及其研究进展[J].农学学报,2012,2(5):1-4.YANG B J,QIAN H Y,HUANG G Q,et al.Research progress and rice-straw returning[J].Journal of Agriculture,2012,2(5):1-4(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]毕于运,高春雨.秸秆还田主要有哪些方式?[EB/OL](2014-07-28)[2014-09-21].http://www.caas.net.cn/zt/kxjd1/241624.shtml.BI Y Y,GAO CH Y.What are the main ways of staw returning?[EB/OL](2014-07-28)[2014-09-21].http://www.caas.net.cn/zt/kxjd1/241624.shtml(in Chinese).
[5]武际,郭熙盛,鲁剑巍,等.不同水稻栽培模式下小麦秸秆腐解特征及对土壤生物学特性和养分状况的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(2):565-575.WU J,GUO X SH,LU J W,et al.Decomposition characteristics of wheat straw and effects on soil biological properties and nutrient status under different rice cultivation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(2):565-575(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]许卫剑,庞娇霞,严菊敏,等.秸秆腐熟剂的作用机理及应用效果[J].现代农业科技,2011(5):277.XU W J,PANG J X,YAN J M,et al.Mechanism and application of straw decomposition agent effect[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2011(5):277(in Chinese).
[7]于建光,常志州,黄红英,等.秸秆腐熟剂对土壤微生物及养分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):563-570.YU J G,CHANG ZH ZH,HUANG H Y,et al.Effect of microbial inoculants for straw decomposing on soil microorganisms and the nutrients[J].Journal of Agro-Environ ment Science,2010,29(3):563-570(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]PATHAK H,SINGH R,BHATIA A,et al.Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2006,4(2):111-117.
[9]陈璋.稻田秸秆还田腐熟剂品种比较试验[J].现代农业科技,2011(16):250-251.CHEN ZH.Paddy straw composting agent variety test[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2011(16):250-251(in Chinese).
[10]张静,温晓霞,廖允成,等.不同玉米秸秆还田量对土壤肥力及冬小麦产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):612-619.ZHANG J,WEN X X,LIAO Y CH,et al.Effect of different amount of maize straw returning on soil fertility and yield of winter wheat[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(3):612-619(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]宁建凤,邹献中,杨少海,等.有机无机氮肥配施对土壤氮淋失及油麦菜生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,23(11):95-100.NING J F,ZOU X ZH,YANG SH H,et al.Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the soil nitrogen leaching and the growth of leaf used lettuce[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,23(11):95-100(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]翟修彩,刘明,李忠佩,等.不同添加剂处理对水稻秸秆腐解效果的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(12):24122419.ZHAI X C,LIU M,LI ZH P,et al.Effect of different additives on decomposition of rice straw[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(12):2412-2419(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]KUMADA K,SATO O,OHSUMI Y,et al.Humus composition of maintain soil in central Japan with special reference to the distribution of P type humic acid[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1967,13:151-1581.
[14]于荣,徐明岗,王伯仁.土壤活性有机质测定方法的比较[J].土壤肥料,2005(2):49-52.YU R,XU M G,WANG B R.Study on methods for determining labile orange matter of soils[J].Soils and Fertilizers,2005(2):49-52(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:39-114,257-271.BAO SH D.Soil Agricultural Analysis(Third Edition)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:39-114,257-271(in Chinese).
[16]胡宏祥,马中文,邵致远.还田秸秆腐解特征研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(5):44-46.HU H X,MA ZH W,SHAO ZH Y.Decomposition characteristics of returned straw[J].Hunan Agricuhural Sciences,2012(5):44-46(in Chinese).
[17]李逢雨,孙锡发,冯文强,等.麦秆、油菜秆还田腐解速率及养分释放规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):374-380.LI F Y,SUN X F,FENG W Q,et al.Nutrient release patterns and decomposing rates of wheat and rapeseed straw[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):374-380(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]戴志刚,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):272-276.DAI ZH G,LU J W,LI X K,et al.Nutrient release characteristics of different crop straws manure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(6):272-276(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环等.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):526-535.PAN J L,DAI W A,SHANG ZH H,et al.Review of research progress on the influence and mechanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil organic matter and nitrogen availability[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(5):526-535(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]徐明岗,于荣,王伯仁.长期不同施肥下红壤活性有机质与碳库管理指数变化[J].土壤学报,2006,43(5):723-729.XU M G,YU R,WANG B R.Labile organic matter and carbon management index in red soil under long-term fertilization[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(5):723-729(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]路文涛,贾志宽,张鹏,等.秸秆还田对宁南旱作农田土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(3):522-528.LU W T,JIA ZH K,ZHANG P,et al.Effects of straw returning on soil labile organic carbon and enzyme activity in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(3):522-528(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]陈尚洪,朱钟麟,刘定辉,等.秸秆还田和免耕对土壤养分及碳库管理指数的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(4):806-809.CHEN SH H,ZHU ZH L,LIU D H,et al.Influence of straw mulching with no-till on soil nutrients and carbon pool management index[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,14(4):806-809(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]马超,周静,刘满强,等.秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分及活性有机碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):70-76.MA CH,ZHOU J,LIU M Q,et al.Effects of incorporation of pre-treated straws into field nutrients and labile organic carbon in lime concretion black soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(5):70-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]路文涛,贾志宽,高飞,等.秸秆还田对宁南旱作农田土壤水分及作物生产力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(1):93-99.LU W T,JIA ZH K,GAO F,et al.Effects of straw returning on soil water and crop productivity in the rainfed area of southern Ningxia,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(1):93-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]刘巽浩,高旺盛,朱文姗.秸秆还田机理与技术模式[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:14-15.LIU G H,GAO W SH,ZHU W SH.Straw Returning Mechanism and Technology Models[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:14-15(in Chinese).