瓯江口与飞云江口附近海岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构研究
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摘要
2013年5月对浙江省温州市瓯江口和飞云江口附近海域7个海岛的7条潮间带断面进行了大型底栖动物群落结构调查。共鉴定出大型底栖动物120种,其中软体动物44种,甲壳类33种,多毛类31种,腔肠动物6种,其它动物6种。优势种东方小藤壶(Chthamalus challengeri)是北方海域的典型优势种,首次在调查海域乃至浙南海域占据优势地位。潮间带大型底栖动物的平均生物量和平均栖息密度分别为539.14g/m2和4945个/m2。各断面的Shannon-Wiener(H′)多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数(d)和Pielou evenness均匀度指数(J)分别为0.496-2.720、1.946-4.071和0.117-0.508,平均值分别是1.923、2.756和0.403。灵昆泥相潮间带的ABC曲线表明该断面大型底栖动物受到严重的扰动。岩相潮间带数据与历史数据比较发现大型底栖动物趋向小型化,机会种逐渐取代敏感种的优势地位,生态系统功能呈现退化趋势。
In May 2013,an investigation was conducted on the community structure of macrofauna in seven intertidal zone of seven islands in Oufei engineering surrounding waters.One hundred and twenty species including 44 species of Mollusca,33 species of Crustacea,31 species of Polychaeta,6species of Coelenterata and 6species of others were identified.Chthamalus challenger,an typical dominant species in the North Sea,was found to be the dominant species of the highest degree of dominance.The average biomass and abundance of the macrofauna were 539.14g/m2 and 4945ind/m2,respectively.The biodiversity index varied from 0.496 to 2.720,and averaged in 1.923.The index of margalef's species richness ranged from 1.946 to 4.071 with the average of 2.756.The Pielou's evenness varied from0.117 to 0.508,while the average value was 0.403.The results of Linkun community structure analysis using ABC curves method showed seriously disturbance has been taken.When compared to the previous researches,it showed that the intertidal macrofauna became miniaturizing,as well as the dominance of the sensitive species were gradually replaced by the opportunity species,which presented a tendency of ecosystem function degradation.
In May 2013,an investigation was conducted on the community structure of macrofauna in seven intertidal zone of seven islands in Oufei engineering surrounding waters.One hundred and twenty species including 44 species of Mollusca,33 species of Crustacea,31 species of Polychaeta,6species of Coelenterata and 6species of others were identified.Chthamalus challenger,an typical dominant species in the North Sea,was found to be the dominant species of the highest degree of dominance.The average biomass and abundance of the macrofauna were 539.14g/m2 and 4945ind/m2,respectively.The biodiversity index varied from 0.496 to 2.720,and averaged in 1.923.The index of margalef's species richness ranged from 1.946 to 4.071 with the average of 2.756.The Pielou's evenness varied from0.117 to 0.508,while the average value was 0.403.The results of Linkun community structure analysis using ABC curves method showed seriously disturbance has been taken.When compared to the previous researches,it showed that the intertidal macrofauna became miniaturizing,as well as the dominance of the sensitive species were gradually replaced by the opportunity species,which presented a tendency of ecosystem function degradation.
引文
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[2]Costanza R,Perez-Maqueo O,Martinez M L,et al.The value of coastal wetlands for hurricane protection[J].Ambio,2008,37(4):241-248.
[3]Halpern B S,Longo C,Hardy D,et al.An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean[J].Nature,2012,488(7413):615-622.
[4]王宝强,薛俊增,庄骅,吴惠仙.洋山港潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5865-5874.
[5]Ferreira M N,Rosso S.Effects of human trampling on a rocky shore fauna on the Sao Paulo coast,southeastern Brazil[J].Braz J Biol,2009,69(4):993-999.
[6]Schlenk D.Necessity of Defining Biomarkers for Use in Ecological Risk Assessments[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1999,39(1-12):48-53.
[7]彭欣,谢起浪,陈少波,等.黄晓林,仇建标,仲伟,关万春.乐清湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落分布格局及其对人类活动的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(4):954-963.
[8]彭茂潇,钱培力,张永普,等.洞头无居民海岛岩相潮间带夏季大型底栖动物群落格局[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9):2469-2479.
[9]彭欣,谢起浪,陈少波,等.南麂列岛潮间带底栖生物时空分布及其对人类活动的响应[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,(05):584-589.
[10]Warwick R M.A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities[J].Marine Biology,1986,92.
[11]吕永林,张永普,李凯,等.浙江洞头大竹屿岛潮间带大型底栖生物多样性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(4):707-716.
[12]蔡如星,陈永寿,王复振.浙江南部沿岸(岩相)潮间带生态初步研究[J].海洋通报,1983,2(1):51-60.
[13]王一农,张永普,於宏,等.浙江洞头列岛的软体动物及生态特点[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),1999,12(3):39-48.
[14]仇建标,彭欣,谢起浪,等.洞头列岛潮间带大型底栖生物的时空分布及其多样性[J].水产学报,2012,36(4):608-614.
[15]刘瑞玉,任先秋.中国动物志无脊椎动物第四十二卷甲壳动物门蔓足下纲围胸总目[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[16]薛俊增,王宝强,庒骅,等.洋山港码头污损生物的群落结构和多样性研究[J].科技导报,2011,29(3):66-70.
[17]刘艳,吴惠仙,薛俊增.舟山海域东方小藤壶的入侵与影响分析[J].水产学报.,2014,38(7):1047-1055.
[18]Iwaki T.Breeding and Settlement of Chthamalus challengeri Hoek on the Southern Coast of Hokkaido[J].Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries Hokkaido University,1975,26(1):1-10.
[19]Luckens P A.The breeding and settlement of Chthamalus Challengeri Hoek at asamushi during 1967[J].The Bulletin of Marine Biology Station of Asamushi,1968,1:13-21.
[20]邵晓阳,尤仲杰,蔡如星,等.浙江省海岛潮间带生态学研究Ⅱ.数量组成与分布[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2001,20(4):279-286.