基于钻石模型的食用菌产业扶贫潜力分析与思考
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摘要
[目的]产业扶贫是我国农村扶贫的核心,而食用菌产业是贫困地区农民增收和脱贫致富的重要途径,分析食用菌产业扶贫的潜力和问题对贫困地区制订食用菌扶贫政策和提高扶贫效率具有积极的意义。[方法]依据钻石模型理论,结合贫困地区和扶贫产业选择的特点,在保留钻石模型4个基本要素的基础上,将绿色发展、利益联结机制纳入钻石模型的组成要素。[结果]在此基础上,针对食用菌产业特点,对自然资源禀赋、市场消费增长速度和稳定性、产业的流通能力、组织规模效应、绿色生态、贫困户有效参与程度等6个方面进行了潜力因素分析,并从生产的结构性过剩、地区扶贫失衡、行业技术壁垒、一、二、三产业融合不足等角度对食用菌扶贫产业存在的问题进行了探讨。[结论]研究最后从开展大数据市场预警、转变扶贫政策导向、加强生产要素优化、完善和延伸产业链等4个方面提出了具体的对策建议。
Industrial poverty alleviation is the core of poverty alleviation in rural China. The edible fungi industry is an important way for farmers in poverty-stricken areas to increase income and get rid of poverty. It is of positive significance to analyze the potential and problems of poverty alleviation in the edible fungi industry to formulate edible fungi poverty alleviation policies and improve poverty alleviation efficiency in poor areas. According to the characteristics of poverty-stricken areas and the poverty alleviation industry,the diamond model including the added factors,green development,interest joint mechanism,and four basic elements,was applied in this study. Considering to the characteristics of edible fungi industry,the potential of edible fungi industry for poverty alleviation were analyzed from six aspects,including natural resource endowment,market consumption growth rate and stability,industrial circulation capacity,organizational scale effect,green ecology,and effective participation of poor households. The problems existing in edible fungi industry for poverty alleviation were discussed,i. e.,structural excess of production,imbalance of poverty alleviation among regions,technical barriers of industry,and insufficient integrations of the primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and so on. Then specific countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects: developing early warning of big data market,transforming the orientation of poverty alleviation policy,strengthening the optimization of production factors,and improving gand extending the industrial chain.
Industrial poverty alleviation is the core of poverty alleviation in rural China. The edible fungi industry is an important way for farmers in poverty-stricken areas to increase income and get rid of poverty. It is of positive significance to analyze the potential and problems of poverty alleviation in the edible fungi industry to formulate edible fungi poverty alleviation policies and improve poverty alleviation efficiency in poor areas. According to the characteristics of poverty-stricken areas and the poverty alleviation industry,the diamond model including the added factors,green development,interest joint mechanism,and four basic elements,was applied in this study. Considering to the characteristics of edible fungi industry,the potential of edible fungi industry for poverty alleviation were analyzed from six aspects,including natural resource endowment,market consumption growth rate and stability,industrial circulation capacity,organizational scale effect,green ecology,and effective participation of poor households. The problems existing in edible fungi industry for poverty alleviation were discussed,i. e.,structural excess of production,imbalance of poverty alleviation among regions,technical barriers of industry,and insufficient integrations of the primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and so on. Then specific countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects: developing early warning of big data market,transforming the orientation of poverty alleviation policy,strengthening the optimization of production factors,and improving gand extending the industrial chain.
引文
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[7]熊宁,曾尊固.试论调整农业结构与构建区域特色农业.经济地理,2001,21(9):564-568.
[8]庄丽娟.比较优势、竞争优势与农业国际竞争力分析框架.农业经济问题,2004,(3):59-61.
[9]郭建宇.产业扶贫的可持续性探讨——以光伏扶贫为例.经济纵横,2018(7):109-116.
[10]刘渊.光伏扶贫项目可行性评估方法及其应用.北京理工大学学报,2017(5):37-43.
[11]邹一南.产业扶贫要对接好市场环节.(2017-04-21)[2018-07-19]. http://theory. people. com. cn/n1/2017/0421/c40531-29226089. html.
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[13]张忠根,黄祖辉.规模经营:提高农业比较效益的重要途径.农业技术经济,1997(5):4-6.
[14]杨惠芳.基于钻石模型的地方特色产业发展研究——以浙江嘉兴蜗牛产业为例.农业经济问题,2017(3):96-101.
[15]杨文静.绿色发展框架下精准扶贫新思考.青海社会科学,2016(3):138-142.
[16]刘遐.我国食用菌工厂化生产发展的若干重要关系(一).食用菌,2005(1):1-2.
[17]朱乾宇,马九杰.参与式自组织制度安排与社区发展基金有效运行——对陕西省白水县CDF项目的案例分析.中国农村观察,2013(4):42-51.
[18]李金祥.创新农业科技驱动精准扶贫.农业经济问题,2016(6):4-8.
[19]许玲燕,吴杨.精准扶贫过程中的双重网络嵌入机理及其模式研究——基于镇江市茅山革命老区的案例分析.江苏大学学报,2018(3):30-36.
[20]中华人民共和国农业部关于印发《全国农产品加工业与农村一、二、三产业融合发展规划(2016—2020年)》. http://www. moa.gov. cn/govpublic/XZQYJ/201611/t20161117_5366803. htm? from=timeline&isappinstalled=0.
[21]许世卫.农业大数据与农产品监测预警.中国农业科技导报,2014,16(5):14-20.
[22]徐旭初.谈财政扶持合作社发展的政策导向.中国农民合作社,2014(12):26-26.
[23]邢成举.科技扶贫、非均衡资源配置与贫困固化——基于对阳县苹果产业科技扶贫的调查.中国科技论坛,2017(1):116-121.
[24]李秀芬,张平.农业综合资源优化的减贫效应研究米——以甘肃省贫困县(区)为例.中国农业资源与区划,2013,34(2):62-67.
[2]农业部等九部门.贫困地区发展特色产业促进精准脱贫指导意见.(2016-05-27)[2018-07-19]. http://www. gov. cn/xinwen/2016-05/27/content_5077245. htm.
[3]中国食用菌协会.中国食用菌产业“十三五”发展规划.(2017-10-11)[2018-07-19]. http://www. cefa. org. cn/2017/10/11/10244. html.
[4]黄祖辉,王鑫鑫,宋海英.浙江省农产品国际竞争力的影响因素——基于双钻石模型的对比分析.浙江社会科学,2010(9):19-27.
[5]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,1999.
[6]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势.李明轩,邱如美,译.北京:华夏出版社,2002.
[7]熊宁,曾尊固.试论调整农业结构与构建区域特色农业.经济地理,2001,21(9):564-568.
[8]庄丽娟.比较优势、竞争优势与农业国际竞争力分析框架.农业经济问题,2004,(3):59-61.
[9]郭建宇.产业扶贫的可持续性探讨——以光伏扶贫为例.经济纵横,2018(7):109-116.
[10]刘渊.光伏扶贫项目可行性评估方法及其应用.北京理工大学学报,2017(5):37-43.
[11]邹一南.产业扶贫要对接好市场环节.(2017-04-21)[2018-07-19]. http://theory. people. com. cn/n1/2017/0421/c40531-29226089. html.
[12]孙伟仁,张平,赵德海.农产品流通产业供给侧结构性改革困境及对策.经济纵横,2018(6):99-104.
[13]张忠根,黄祖辉.规模经营:提高农业比较效益的重要途径.农业技术经济,1997(5):4-6.
[14]杨惠芳.基于钻石模型的地方特色产业发展研究——以浙江嘉兴蜗牛产业为例.农业经济问题,2017(3):96-101.
[15]杨文静.绿色发展框架下精准扶贫新思考.青海社会科学,2016(3):138-142.
[16]刘遐.我国食用菌工厂化生产发展的若干重要关系(一).食用菌,2005(1):1-2.
[17]朱乾宇,马九杰.参与式自组织制度安排与社区发展基金有效运行——对陕西省白水县CDF项目的案例分析.中国农村观察,2013(4):42-51.
[18]李金祥.创新农业科技驱动精准扶贫.农业经济问题,2016(6):4-8.
[19]许玲燕,吴杨.精准扶贫过程中的双重网络嵌入机理及其模式研究——基于镇江市茅山革命老区的案例分析.江苏大学学报,2018(3):30-36.
[20]中华人民共和国农业部关于印发《全国农产品加工业与农村一、二、三产业融合发展规划(2016—2020年)》. http://www. moa.gov. cn/govpublic/XZQYJ/201611/t20161117_5366803. htm? from=timeline&isappinstalled=0.
[21]许世卫.农业大数据与农产品监测预警.中国农业科技导报,2014,16(5):14-20.
[22]徐旭初.谈财政扶持合作社发展的政策导向.中国农民合作社,2014(12):26-26.
[23]邢成举.科技扶贫、非均衡资源配置与贫困固化——基于对阳县苹果产业科技扶贫的调查.中国科技论坛,2017(1):116-121.
[24]李秀芬,张平.农业综合资源优化的减贫效应研究米——以甘肃省贫困县(区)为例.中国农业资源与区划,2013,34(2):62-67.