耐热杜鹃花种质及其在暖热地区栽培研究进展
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摘要
本文对国内外低海拔炎热地区培育耐热杜鹃花的研究和报道进行了综述,海外筛选出微笑杜鹃、猴头杜鹃等23种杜鹃花用于培育耐热常绿杜鹃,采用大颗粒有机物或无机物为生长介质,高苗床或二重底的方式栽培杜鹃花,国内的研究结果同海外略有差异.此外,简要描述了部分杜鹃花的特性,以期为国内耐热杜鹃的培育和研究提供参考.
This paper summarized some researches and reports about heat resistant Rhododendron in oversea low altitude warm and hot climate areas from China and domestic both.23 species,for instance R.hyperythrum,R.simiarum,were selected for breeding heat resistant Rhododendronby abroad man.They usually cultivated Rhododendron by coarse organic or mineral materials at elevating seedbeds or double-deck pots.Domestic conclusion was major identical but with minor differences.Meanwhile,part of heat resistant Rhododendron were described briefly,in order to providing a reference which refer in subsequent research.
This paper summarized some researches and reports about heat resistant Rhododendron in oversea low altitude warm and hot climate areas from China and domestic both.23 species,for instance R.hyperythrum,R.simiarum,were selected for breeding heat resistant Rhododendronby abroad man.They usually cultivated Rhododendron by coarse organic or mineral materials at elevating seedbeds or double-deck pots.Domestic conclusion was major identical but with minor differences.Meanwhile,part of heat resistant Rhododendron were described briefly,in order to providing a reference which refer in subsequent research.
引文
[1] Headlam A W.Grow rhododendron in hot climate[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1974,28(4):231-236.
[2] Arisumi K I,Matsuo E,Sakata Y.Breeding for the heat resistant Rhododendron[J].Memoris of the Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University,1979,15:73-78.
[3] George W R.Rhododendron and hot weather[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1981,35(2):92-100.
[4] Thornton J T.Breeding Rhododendrons for the Gulf South[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1990,44(2):91-93,105-106.
[5] Ranney T G,Blazich F A,Warren S L.Heat tolerance of selected species and populations of Rhododendron[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science American Society for Horticultural Science,1995,120(3):423-428.
[6] Arisumi K I,Matsuo E,Sakata Y,et al.Breeding for the heat resistant RhododendronsⅡ.differences of heat resistance among species and hybrids[J].Memoris of the Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University,1983,19:65-71.
[7] Arisumi K I,Matsuo E,Sakata Y,et al.Breeding for the heat resistant RhododendronsⅢ.the feature of seedling growth of R.pseudochrysanthum,R.simiarum and some of their hybrids [J].Memoris of the Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University,1988,24:111-122.
[8] Wada T.Heat-tolerant and sun-tolerant Rhododendron hybrids developed by Koichiro Wada (1907-1981)[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1983,37(4):191-196.
[9] 张乐华,刘向平,王凯红,等.不同因子对常绿杜鹃亚属种子萌发及成苗的影响[J].武汉植物学研究,2007,25(2):178-184.Zhang L H,Liu X P,Wang K H,et al.Factors influencing seed germination and seedling survival of Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2007,25(2):178-184.
[10] 王凯红,刘向平,张乐华,等.5种杜鹃幼苗对高温胁迫的生理生化响应及耐热性综合评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2011,20(3):29-35.Wang K H,Liu X P,Zhang L H,et al.Physiological-biochemical response of five species in Rhododendron L.to high temperature stress and comprehensive evaluation of their heat tolerance [J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2011,20(3):29-35.
[11] 汪蓉.抗热剂对马缨杜鹃抗热性的影响研究[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院,2014.Wang R.Studies on effects of heat-resistant agent in improving the heat tolerance of Rhododendron delavayi[D].Guangzhou:Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,2014.
[12] 刘永书.杜鹃花的引种栽培试验初报[J].江西农业大学学报,1990,12(3):40-48.Liu Y S.The Report on the introduction and cultivation of Rhododendrons[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,1990,12(3):40-48.
[13] 张长芹,罗吉风,苏玉芬.六种杜鹃花的耐旱适应性研究[J].广西植物,2002,22(2):174-176.Zhang C Q,Luo J F,Su Y F.The research of drought tolerance on 6 species of Rhododendron[J].Guihaia,2002,22(2):174-176.
[14] 张长芹,高连明,薛润光,等.中国杜鹃花的保育现状和展望[J].广西科学,2004,11(4):354-359,362.Zhang C Q,Gao L M,Xue R G,et al.A general review of the research and conservation statue of Chinese Rhododendron[J].Guangxi Sciences,2004,11(4):354-359,362.
[15] Bhattacharyya D,Sanjappa M.Rhododendron habitats in India[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,2008,62(4):14-18.
[16] Thornton J T.Growing Rhododendron in Gulf South[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1989,43(4):200-201.
[17] Southerland S.Developing heat tolerant Rhododendron hybrids with disease and insect resistance using R.hyperythrum:part II[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,2014,68(1):65-73.
[18] 庄平.低海拔气候带引种杜鹃花的技术探讨[J].植物杂志,2002(2):32.Zhuang P.The discuss of Rhododendron introduction at low latitude climate zone[J].Plants,2002(2):32.
[19] 耿玉英.大白杜鹃的迁地保护及种子繁殖[C].中国植物学会植物园分会第十六次学术讨论会,2001:8.Geng Y Y.Ex-situ and seed propagation of Rhododendron decorum Franch[C].The 16th Academic conference of The Chinese Association of Botanic Gardens,2001:8.
[20] 苏家乐,何丽斯,刘晓青,等.不同高山杜鹃品种杂交后代花瓣香气成分的HS-SPME-GC-MS分析[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(1):227-229.Su J L,He L S,Liu X Q,et al.Analysis of aroma components in the petals of genusRhododendron by headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( HS-SPME-GC-MS) [J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,30(1):227-229.
[21] 马绍宇,李世峰,钱兴,等.高山杜鹃品种‘罗伯茨’×大白杜鹃杂交F1代主要观赏性状的遗传分析[C].2017年中国观赏园艺学术研讨会,2017:199-202.Ma S Y,Li S F,Qian X,et al.Heredity analysis of main ornamental characters in F1 hybrid generation of Rhododendron‘Lord Roberts’× R.decorum [C].Advances in Ornamental of Horticulture of China,2017:199-202.
[22] 柯世省,杨敏文.水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃抗氧化系统和脂类过氧化的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(5):1 217-1 222.Ke S S,Yang M W.Effects of water stress on antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in leaves of Rhododendron fortunei[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2007,34(5):1 217-1 222.
[23] 刀志灵,郭辉军.高黎贡山地区杜鹃花科特有植物[J].云南植物研究,1999(S1):16-23.Dao Z L,Guo H J.Endemic plants of Ericaceae in Gaoligong Mountains [J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1999(S1):16-23.
[24] 覃海宁,杨永,董仕勇,等.中国高等植物受威胁物种名录[J].生物多样性,2017,25(7):696-744.Qin H N,Yang Y,Dong S Y,et al.Threatened species list of China’s higher plants[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(7):696-744.
[25] Harden W.Grow Rhododendron in warm climate [J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1990,44(3):100-142.
[26] 张露,王继华,解玮佳,等.基于系谱和SSR标记的高山杜鹃杂交种亲缘关系分析[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(12):2 421-2 432.Zhang L,Wang J H,Xie W J,et al.Ancestor parents speculation for alpine Rhododendron hybrid based on the pedigree and SSR markers[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(12):2 421-2 432.
[27] 周广.高温胁迫对7种杜鹃生理生化特性的影响[D].南昌:南昌大学,2010.Zhou G.Effect of the physiological and biochemical character of seven Rhododendron L.plant under high temperature stress[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2010.
[28] 李小玲,华智锐,鲁霞霞.茉莉酸甲酯对秦岭高山杜鹃耐热性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,(12):23-27.Li X L,Hua Z R,Lu X X.Effects of methyl jasmonic acid on tolerance of Rhododendron lapponicum in Qinling to heat-stress[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2016,(12):23-27.
[29] 罗倩.ERM真菌对羊踯躅引种繁殖及耐热性的影响研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.Luo Q.Study on the effect of ERM fungi on introduction and heat-resistance of Rhododendron molle[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016.
[30] 岳保超.马缨杜鹃的花芽发育特征研究及花期调控初探[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院,2015.Yue B C.Study on characteristics of flower bud development and blooming control of Rhododendron delavayi[D].Guangzhou:Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,2015.
[31] 张云生,边才苗.云锦杜鹃成花逆转研究[J].浙江林业科技,2013,33(4):18-22.Zhang Y S,Bian C M.Observations on flowering reversion of Rhododendron fortunei[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and technology,2013,33(4):18-22.
[32] Gu K,Geng X,Yue Y,et al.Contribution of keeping more stable anatomical structure under high temperature to heat resistance of Rhododendron seedlings [J].Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University,2016,61(2):273-276.
[2] Arisumi K I,Matsuo E,Sakata Y.Breeding for the heat resistant Rhododendron[J].Memoris of the Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University,1979,15:73-78.
[3] George W R.Rhododendron and hot weather[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1981,35(2):92-100.
[4] Thornton J T.Breeding Rhododendrons for the Gulf South[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1990,44(2):91-93,105-106.
[5] Ranney T G,Blazich F A,Warren S L.Heat tolerance of selected species and populations of Rhododendron[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science American Society for Horticultural Science,1995,120(3):423-428.
[6] Arisumi K I,Matsuo E,Sakata Y,et al.Breeding for the heat resistant RhododendronsⅡ.differences of heat resistance among species and hybrids[J].Memoris of the Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University,1983,19:65-71.
[7] Arisumi K I,Matsuo E,Sakata Y,et al.Breeding for the heat resistant RhododendronsⅢ.the feature of seedling growth of R.pseudochrysanthum,R.simiarum and some of their hybrids [J].Memoris of the Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University,1988,24:111-122.
[8] Wada T.Heat-tolerant and sun-tolerant Rhododendron hybrids developed by Koichiro Wada (1907-1981)[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1983,37(4):191-196.
[9] 张乐华,刘向平,王凯红,等.不同因子对常绿杜鹃亚属种子萌发及成苗的影响[J].武汉植物学研究,2007,25(2):178-184.Zhang L H,Liu X P,Wang K H,et al.Factors influencing seed germination and seedling survival of Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2007,25(2):178-184.
[10] 王凯红,刘向平,张乐华,等.5种杜鹃幼苗对高温胁迫的生理生化响应及耐热性综合评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2011,20(3):29-35.Wang K H,Liu X P,Zhang L H,et al.Physiological-biochemical response of five species in Rhododendron L.to high temperature stress and comprehensive evaluation of their heat tolerance [J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2011,20(3):29-35.
[11] 汪蓉.抗热剂对马缨杜鹃抗热性的影响研究[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院,2014.Wang R.Studies on effects of heat-resistant agent in improving the heat tolerance of Rhododendron delavayi[D].Guangzhou:Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,2014.
[12] 刘永书.杜鹃花的引种栽培试验初报[J].江西农业大学学报,1990,12(3):40-48.Liu Y S.The Report on the introduction and cultivation of Rhododendrons[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,1990,12(3):40-48.
[13] 张长芹,罗吉风,苏玉芬.六种杜鹃花的耐旱适应性研究[J].广西植物,2002,22(2):174-176.Zhang C Q,Luo J F,Su Y F.The research of drought tolerance on 6 species of Rhododendron[J].Guihaia,2002,22(2):174-176.
[14] 张长芹,高连明,薛润光,等.中国杜鹃花的保育现状和展望[J].广西科学,2004,11(4):354-359,362.Zhang C Q,Gao L M,Xue R G,et al.A general review of the research and conservation statue of Chinese Rhododendron[J].Guangxi Sciences,2004,11(4):354-359,362.
[15] Bhattacharyya D,Sanjappa M.Rhododendron habitats in India[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,2008,62(4):14-18.
[16] Thornton J T.Growing Rhododendron in Gulf South[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1989,43(4):200-201.
[17] Southerland S.Developing heat tolerant Rhododendron hybrids with disease and insect resistance using R.hyperythrum:part II[J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,2014,68(1):65-73.
[18] 庄平.低海拔气候带引种杜鹃花的技术探讨[J].植物杂志,2002(2):32.Zhuang P.The discuss of Rhododendron introduction at low latitude climate zone[J].Plants,2002(2):32.
[19] 耿玉英.大白杜鹃的迁地保护及种子繁殖[C].中国植物学会植物园分会第十六次学术讨论会,2001:8.Geng Y Y.Ex-situ and seed propagation of Rhododendron decorum Franch[C].The 16th Academic conference of The Chinese Association of Botanic Gardens,2001:8.
[20] 苏家乐,何丽斯,刘晓青,等.不同高山杜鹃品种杂交后代花瓣香气成分的HS-SPME-GC-MS分析[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(1):227-229.Su J L,He L S,Liu X Q,et al.Analysis of aroma components in the petals of genusRhododendron by headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( HS-SPME-GC-MS) [J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,30(1):227-229.
[21] 马绍宇,李世峰,钱兴,等.高山杜鹃品种‘罗伯茨’×大白杜鹃杂交F1代主要观赏性状的遗传分析[C].2017年中国观赏园艺学术研讨会,2017:199-202.Ma S Y,Li S F,Qian X,et al.Heredity analysis of main ornamental characters in F1 hybrid generation of Rhododendron‘Lord Roberts’× R.decorum [C].Advances in Ornamental of Horticulture of China,2017:199-202.
[22] 柯世省,杨敏文.水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃抗氧化系统和脂类过氧化的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(5):1 217-1 222.Ke S S,Yang M W.Effects of water stress on antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in leaves of Rhododendron fortunei[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2007,34(5):1 217-1 222.
[23] 刀志灵,郭辉军.高黎贡山地区杜鹃花科特有植物[J].云南植物研究,1999(S1):16-23.Dao Z L,Guo H J.Endemic plants of Ericaceae in Gaoligong Mountains [J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1999(S1):16-23.
[24] 覃海宁,杨永,董仕勇,等.中国高等植物受威胁物种名录[J].生物多样性,2017,25(7):696-744.Qin H N,Yang Y,Dong S Y,et al.Threatened species list of China’s higher plants[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(7):696-744.
[25] Harden W.Grow Rhododendron in warm climate [J].Journal of American Rhododendron Society,1990,44(3):100-142.
[26] 张露,王继华,解玮佳,等.基于系谱和SSR标记的高山杜鹃杂交种亲缘关系分析[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(12):2 421-2 432.Zhang L,Wang J H,Xie W J,et al.Ancestor parents speculation for alpine Rhododendron hybrid based on the pedigree and SSR markers[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(12):2 421-2 432.
[27] 周广.高温胁迫对7种杜鹃生理生化特性的影响[D].南昌:南昌大学,2010.Zhou G.Effect of the physiological and biochemical character of seven Rhododendron L.plant under high temperature stress[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2010.
[28] 李小玲,华智锐,鲁霞霞.茉莉酸甲酯对秦岭高山杜鹃耐热性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,(12):23-27.Li X L,Hua Z R,Lu X X.Effects of methyl jasmonic acid on tolerance of Rhododendron lapponicum in Qinling to heat-stress[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2016,(12):23-27.
[29] 罗倩.ERM真菌对羊踯躅引种繁殖及耐热性的影响研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.Luo Q.Study on the effect of ERM fungi on introduction and heat-resistance of Rhododendron molle[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016.
[30] 岳保超.马缨杜鹃的花芽发育特征研究及花期调控初探[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院,2015.Yue B C.Study on characteristics of flower bud development and blooming control of Rhododendron delavayi[D].Guangzhou:Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,2015.
[31] 张云生,边才苗.云锦杜鹃成花逆转研究[J].浙江林业科技,2013,33(4):18-22.Zhang Y S,Bian C M.Observations on flowering reversion of Rhododendron fortunei[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and technology,2013,33(4):18-22.
[32] Gu K,Geng X,Yue Y,et al.Contribution of keeping more stable anatomical structure under high temperature to heat resistance of Rhododendron seedlings [J].Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University,2016,61(2):273-276.