外源精胺对南方根结线虫胁迫下灯盏花生理生化的影响
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摘要
以灯盏花为研究材料,以室内接种方法研究了外源精胺(Spm)对根结线虫胁迫下灯盏花的生理及几种抗性酶活性的调控效应。结果表明:喷施精胺使遭受不同接种阶段根结线虫侵染的灯盏花根结数减少,当精胺浓度为E1(1.0 mmol/L)时,接种后10 d形成的根结数最少,对灯盏花长势有促进作用;在整个接种调查期,接种根结线虫后,对照组与空白组相比,多酚氧化酶PPO活性达到最大值;过氧化氢酶CAT活性增加;过氧化物酶和过氧化物酶活性变化不大,丙二醛含量(MDA略高;1.0 mmol/L精胺处理后,多酚氧化酶PPO活性和空白相比增加了95%;在1.0,2.0,3.0 mmol/L 3个处理组中,灯盏花过氧化氢酶CAT活性均在30 d达到最大值,峰值处的CAT活性和空白相比分别增加了111%、102%E1处理组的最高,峰值处的POD活性和空白相比增加了56%;接种40 d时,E2组的POD活性最高;精胺处理后提高了灯盏花的苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL的活性,在接种后30 d达到最大值,峰值处的PAL活性和空白相比分别增加了80%、67%高于空白组,尤其在接种30 d时差异最显著,显著增加了114%,精胺3个处理,对丙二醛的影响研究表明,接种后20 d效果最佳,接种后30 d与对照相比,浓度为2.0 mmol/L精胺处理后的丙二醛含量最低,其他处理组的MDA的含量均高于空白,说明根结线虫可以对灯盏花细胞膜造成伤害,降低灯盏花的适应能力,促进植株早衰。综上所述,南方根结线虫的侵染能够影响灯盏花的长势,导致灯盏花抗氧化酶活性的正常调节功能紊乱,外源添加1.0 mmol/L的精胺能够缓解根结线虫对灯盏花危害,提高几种酶活性,减少伤害。
The effects of exogenous spermine(SPM)on the physiology and activities of several resistant enzymes of E. breviscapus under stress of root knot nematode were studied by means of indoor inoculation with E. breviscapus.The results showed that spraying spermine reduced the number of root knots of E. breviscapus in?fected by root?knotnematode atdifferentinoculation stages.When the concentration ofspermine was 1.0 mmol/L,10 days after inoculation the number of root knot was the smallest,which could promote the growth of E. brevis?capus.After inoculation with root-knot nematode,the PPO activity of polyphenol oxidase reached the maximum in the control group compared with the blank group,the CAT activity of catalase and the peroxides increased.The activity of enzyme and peroxidase did not change much,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was slight?ly higher than 1.0 mmol/L spermine,the PPO activity of polyphenol oxidase increased by 95%,and the CAT ac?tivity of E. breviscapus reached its maximum 30 days after treatment with 1.0,2.0 and 3.0 mmol/L.The CAT ac?tivity at the peak value increased by 111% and 85%,respectively,and the activity of peroxidase(POD)was the highest in the 1.0 mmol/L treated group 30 days after inoculation,and the POD activity at the peak point was higher than that in the blank group.The activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase PAL of E. breviscapus increased40 days after inoculation,and reached the maximum 30 days after inoculation.The PAL activity at the peak in?creased by 80% and 60% respectively,compared with the blank.The SOD activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in E. breviscapus also increased,and the MDA content in the control group was higher than that in the blank group after inoculation with nematodes,especially 30 days after inoculation.The effect on malondialde?hyde was studied.The results showed that 20 days after inoculation,the effect was the best.In conclusion,the content of MDA in other treatment groups was higher than that of the control group,and the content of MDA in the other treatment groups was higher than that of control group.The results showed that root-knot nematode could damage the cell membrane of E. breviscapus,reduce the adaptability of E. breviscapus,and promote prema?ture senescence of plants.To sum up,the infection of Meloidogyne incognita could affect the growth of E.brevis?capus and cause the normal regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity of E. breviscapus. The exogenous addition of 1.0 mmol/L spermine could alleviate the harm of root knot nematode to E. breviscapus and increase the activi?ty of several enzymes and reduce damage.
The effects of exogenous spermine(SPM)on the physiology and activities of several resistant enzymes of E. breviscapus under stress of root knot nematode were studied by means of indoor inoculation with E. breviscapus.The results showed that spraying spermine reduced the number of root knots of E. breviscapus in?fected by root?knotnematode atdifferentinoculation stages.When the concentration ofspermine was 1.0 mmol/L,10 days after inoculation the number of root knot was the smallest,which could promote the growth of E. brevis?capus.After inoculation with root-knot nematode,the PPO activity of polyphenol oxidase reached the maximum in the control group compared with the blank group,the CAT activity of catalase and the peroxides increased.The activity of enzyme and peroxidase did not change much,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was slight?ly higher than 1.0 mmol/L spermine,the PPO activity of polyphenol oxidase increased by 95%,and the CAT ac?tivity of E. breviscapus reached its maximum 30 days after treatment with 1.0,2.0 and 3.0 mmol/L.The CAT ac?tivity at the peak value increased by 111% and 85%,respectively,and the activity of peroxidase(POD)was the highest in the 1.0 mmol/L treated group 30 days after inoculation,and the POD activity at the peak point was higher than that in the blank group.The activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase PAL of E. breviscapus increased40 days after inoculation,and reached the maximum 30 days after inoculation.The PAL activity at the peak in?creased by 80% and 60% respectively,compared with the blank.The SOD activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in E. breviscapus also increased,and the MDA content in the control group was higher than that in the blank group after inoculation with nematodes,especially 30 days after inoculation.The effect on malondialde?hyde was studied.The results showed that 20 days after inoculation,the effect was the best.In conclusion,the content of MDA in other treatment groups was higher than that of the control group,and the content of MDA in the other treatment groups was higher than that of control group.The results showed that root-knot nematode could damage the cell membrane of E. breviscapus,reduce the adaptability of E. breviscapus,and promote prema?ture senescence of plants.To sum up,the infection of Meloidogyne incognita could affect the growth of E.brevis?capus and cause the normal regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity of E. breviscapus. The exogenous addition of 1.0 mmol/L spermine could alleviate the harm of root knot nematode to E. breviscapus and increase the activi?ty of several enzymes and reduce damage.
引文
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[8]林丽飞,张敏,和平,等.南方根结线虫不同接种密度对灯盏花抗氧化系统的影响[J].植物保护,2018,44(1):116-120.Lin L F,Zhang M,He P,et al.Effects of different inoculation density of Meloidogyne incognita on the antioxidant system of Erigeron breviscapus[J].Plant Protection,2018,44(1):116-120.
[9]Kasukabe Y,He L X,Nada K.Overexpression of spermidine synthase enhances tolerance to multiple environmental stresses and up-regulates the expression of various stress-regulated genes transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Cell Physiology,2004,45:712-722.
[10]Németh M,Janda T,Horvath E.Exogenous salicylicacid increases polyamine content but may decrease drought tolerance in maize[J].Plant Science,2002,162(4):569-574.
[11]郑昀晔,曹栋栋,张胜,等.多胺对玉米种子吸胀期间耐冷性和种子发芽能力的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(2):261-267.Zheng Y Y,Cao D D,Zhang S,et al.Effect of polyamines on chilling tolerance in seed imbibition and seed germination in maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(2):261-267.
[12]王晓云,李向东,邹琦.外源多胺、多胺合成前体及抑制剂对花生连体叶片衰老的影响[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(3):30-35.Wang X Y,Li X D,Zou Q.Effect of polyamines on senescence of attached peanut leaves[J].Scientia A gricultura Sinica,2000,33(3):30-35.
[13]田婧,郭世荣,刘香娥,等,外源亚精胺对高温下黄瓜幼苗叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(11):2261-2267.Tian J,Guo S R,Liu X E,et al.Effects of exogenous spermidine pretreatment on antioxidant system in cucumber seedling leaves under high temperature stress[J].Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin,2009,29(11):2261-2267.
[14]Chattopadhayay M K,Tiwari B S,Chattopadhyay G.Protective role of exogenous polyamines on salinity-stressed rice(Oryza sativa)plants[J].Physiol Plant,2010,116(2):192-199.
[15]Jiang X Y,Song J,Fan H,et al.Regulation of exogenous calcium and spermidine on ion balance and polyamine levels in maize seedlings under NaCl stress[J].Acta Phytophysiol Sinica,2000,26(6):539-544
[16]王素平,贾永霞,郭世荣,等.多胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L)幼苗体内K+、Na+、和Cl-含量及器官间分布的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):1122-1129.Wang S P,Jia Y X,Guo S R,et al.Effect of polyamines on K+,Na+and Cl-contents and distribution in different organs of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)seedlings under NaCl stress[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2007,27(3):1122-1129.
[17]Drolet G,Dumbroff E B,Legge R L.Radical scavenging properties of polyamines[D].Phytochemisty,1986,25(2):367-371.
[18]僧珊珊,王群,张永恩,等.外源亚精胺对淹水胁迫玉米的生理调控效应[J].作物学报,2012,38(6):1042-1050.Seng S S,Wang Q,Zhang Y E,et al.Effects of exogenous spermidine on physiological regulatory of Maize after waterlogging stress[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(6):1042-1050.
[19]李秀,巩彪,徐坤.外源亚精胺对高温胁迫下生姜叶片内源激素及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(1):120-129.Li X,Gong B,Xu K.Effect of exogenous spermidine on level of endogenous hormones and chioroplast ultrastructure of Ginger leaves under heat stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(1):120-129.
[20]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:3-32.Zou Q.Guidance of plant physiology and biochemistry experiment[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,1995:3-32.
[21]胡玮.钾对番茄部分抗性生理指标的影响及其对根结线虫的防治效果[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.Hu W.Effect of potassium on tomato physiology indexes for stress resistance and controlling rootknot nematode[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010.
[22]Alcázar R,Altabella T,Marco F,et al.Polyamines molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance[J].Planta,2010,231(6):1237-1249.
[2]刘远达,杨跃萍.云南天然药物开发突出“云药”特色[N].新华网,2002-06-29.Liu Y D,Yang Y P.The development of natural medicine in Yunnan highlights the characteristics of“Yun medicine”[N].Xinhua Net,2002-06-29.
[3]赖宝春,胡先奇,罗文富.云南灯盏花根腐病的2种新病原鉴定及防治药剂的室内筛选[J].植物保护,2014,40(2):141-145.Lai B C,Hu X Q,Luo W F.Identification of the two pathogens of root rot disease on Erigeron breviscapus and screening of fungicides[J].Plant Protection,2014,40(2):141-145.
[4]林丽飞,胡先奇,江楠.短葶飞蓬锈病的初步研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(5):513-514.Lin L F,Hu X Q,Jiang N.Preliminary study on Rust of Erigeron breviscapus[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2004,23(5):513-514.
[5]林丽飞,刘春国,胡先奇,等.云南省灯盏花黄萎病病原初步研究[J].植物保护,2007,33(4):89-91.Lin L F,Liu C G,Hu X Q,et al.A preliminary study on isolation and identification of the pathogens causing verticillium wilt of Erigeron breviscapus in Yunnan[J].Plant Protection,2007,33(4):89-91.
[6]林丽飞,胡先奇,刘春国,等.云南省灯盏花根际土壤寄生线虫的种类鉴定[J].植物保护,2008,34(3):69-73.Lin L F,Hu X Q,Liu C G,et al.Identification of plant parasitic nematodes from rhizospheric soil of Erigeron breviscapus in Yunnan[J].Plant Protection,2008,34(3):69-73.
[7]胡先奇,鲁菊芬,林丽飞,等.云南发现灯盏花根结线虫病[J].云南农业大学学报,2003,18(3):317-319.Hu X Q,Lu J F,Lin L F,et al.Discovery of shortscape fleabance rootknot disease in Yunnan[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2003,18(3):317-319.
[8]林丽飞,张敏,和平,等.南方根结线虫不同接种密度对灯盏花抗氧化系统的影响[J].植物保护,2018,44(1):116-120.Lin L F,Zhang M,He P,et al.Effects of different inoculation density of Meloidogyne incognita on the antioxidant system of Erigeron breviscapus[J].Plant Protection,2018,44(1):116-120.
[9]Kasukabe Y,He L X,Nada K.Overexpression of spermidine synthase enhances tolerance to multiple environmental stresses and up-regulates the expression of various stress-regulated genes transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Cell Physiology,2004,45:712-722.
[10]Németh M,Janda T,Horvath E.Exogenous salicylicacid increases polyamine content but may decrease drought tolerance in maize[J].Plant Science,2002,162(4):569-574.
[11]郑昀晔,曹栋栋,张胜,等.多胺对玉米种子吸胀期间耐冷性和种子发芽能力的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(2):261-267.Zheng Y Y,Cao D D,Zhang S,et al.Effect of polyamines on chilling tolerance in seed imbibition and seed germination in maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(2):261-267.
[12]王晓云,李向东,邹琦.外源多胺、多胺合成前体及抑制剂对花生连体叶片衰老的影响[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(3):30-35.Wang X Y,Li X D,Zou Q.Effect of polyamines on senescence of attached peanut leaves[J].Scientia A gricultura Sinica,2000,33(3):30-35.
[13]田婧,郭世荣,刘香娥,等,外源亚精胺对高温下黄瓜幼苗叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(11):2261-2267.Tian J,Guo S R,Liu X E,et al.Effects of exogenous spermidine pretreatment on antioxidant system in cucumber seedling leaves under high temperature stress[J].Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin,2009,29(11):2261-2267.
[14]Chattopadhayay M K,Tiwari B S,Chattopadhyay G.Protective role of exogenous polyamines on salinity-stressed rice(Oryza sativa)plants[J].Physiol Plant,2010,116(2):192-199.
[15]Jiang X Y,Song J,Fan H,et al.Regulation of exogenous calcium and spermidine on ion balance and polyamine levels in maize seedlings under NaCl stress[J].Acta Phytophysiol Sinica,2000,26(6):539-544
[16]王素平,贾永霞,郭世荣,等.多胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L)幼苗体内K+、Na+、和Cl-含量及器官间分布的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):1122-1129.Wang S P,Jia Y X,Guo S R,et al.Effect of polyamines on K+,Na+and Cl-contents and distribution in different organs of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)seedlings under NaCl stress[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2007,27(3):1122-1129.
[17]Drolet G,Dumbroff E B,Legge R L.Radical scavenging properties of polyamines[D].Phytochemisty,1986,25(2):367-371.
[18]僧珊珊,王群,张永恩,等.外源亚精胺对淹水胁迫玉米的生理调控效应[J].作物学报,2012,38(6):1042-1050.Seng S S,Wang Q,Zhang Y E,et al.Effects of exogenous spermidine on physiological regulatory of Maize after waterlogging stress[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(6):1042-1050.
[19]李秀,巩彪,徐坤.外源亚精胺对高温胁迫下生姜叶片内源激素及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(1):120-129.Li X,Gong B,Xu K.Effect of exogenous spermidine on level of endogenous hormones and chioroplast ultrastructure of Ginger leaves under heat stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(1):120-129.
[20]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:3-32.Zou Q.Guidance of plant physiology and biochemistry experiment[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,1995:3-32.
[21]胡玮.钾对番茄部分抗性生理指标的影响及其对根结线虫的防治效果[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.Hu W.Effect of potassium on tomato physiology indexes for stress resistance and controlling rootknot nematode[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010.
[22]Alcázar R,Altabella T,Marco F,et al.Polyamines molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance[J].Planta,2010,231(6):1237-1249.