不同乳酸菌制剂及装填时间对全株玉米青贮质量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同乳酸菌及装填时间对全株玉米青贮质量的影响.【方法】利用自制青贮发酵桶(20 L)研究2种青贮添加物(Sila-Max、Sila-Mix)和2种装填时间(1次装填和3 d装填)对(共6个试验组)各种有机酸及pH、营养成分、发酵后干物质含量、干物质损失率及48 h体外干物质消失率的影响.【结果】利用自制发酵桶制作的各处理组玉米秸秆青贮质量良好,3 d延迟装填未对全株玉米秸秆青贮各种有机酸及pH、营养成分及48 h体外干物质消失率产生显著影响.但与1次装填相比,延迟3 d装填使全株玉米秸秆1次装填干物质含量提高15.42%,干物质损失率增加21.79%;2种添加物均能使全株玉米秸秆青贮干物质损失率降低,其中Sila-Max添加剂降低全株玉米秸秆1次装填青贮干物质损失率效果最好,分别可达50.87%,Sila-Max添加组在降低全株玉米秸秆3 d装填青贮干物质损失率效果最高,可达46.57%.【结论】说明Sila-Max和Sila-Mix均有提高全株玉米秸秆青贮发酵质量的作用的趋势,Sila-Max偏向于提高青贮发酵的品质,Sila-Mix偏向于提高青贮发酵产物的有氧稳定性.可见,青贮添加剂可以改善全株玉米青贮的发酵品质,提高发酵产物的有氧稳定性并显著降低发酵过程中的干物质损失率.
【Objective】 In order to investigate the effect of different lactobacillus and load patterns on the quality of whole-plant corn silage with grain.【Method】 The effect of two inoculants(Sila-Max,Sila-Mix),two loading patterns(completed once and completed in 3 days,totally 6 treatments) on the nutritive value and fermentation parameters of ensiling corn silage by using 20 L self-made silos was studied.【Result】 The silage made through the self-made silos in all treatments was good.3-day delayed ensiling treatment did not decreased the corn silage fermentation parameters and nutritive value,but it increased the dry matter contain by 15.42% and the dry matter loss 21.79%.Two inoculants decreased the dry matter loss,in which,Sila-Max was the best for decreasing the dry matter loss in prompt ensiling group(reduced by 50.87%),and it also showed the best effect on decreasing the dry matter loss in delayed load group(reduced by46.57%).【Conclusion】 Both Sila-Max and Sila-Mix showed the potential to improve the quality of corn silage,and Sila-Max was better for the fermentation and nutritive parameters,Sila-Mix was better for the aerobic stability.The bacteria inoculants could improve the fermentation,nutritive quality and aerobic stability,and decrease the dry matter loss of whole-plant corn silage.
【Objective】 In order to investigate the effect of different lactobacillus and load patterns on the quality of whole-plant corn silage with grain.【Method】 The effect of two inoculants(Sila-Max,Sila-Mix),two loading patterns(completed once and completed in 3 days,totally 6 treatments) on the nutritive value and fermentation parameters of ensiling corn silage by using 20 L self-made silos was studied.【Result】 The silage made through the self-made silos in all treatments was good.3-day delayed ensiling treatment did not decreased the corn silage fermentation parameters and nutritive value,but it increased the dry matter contain by 15.42% and the dry matter loss 21.79%.Two inoculants decreased the dry matter loss,in which,Sila-Max was the best for decreasing the dry matter loss in prompt ensiling group(reduced by 50.87%),and it also showed the best effect on decreasing the dry matter loss in delayed load group(reduced by46.57%).【Conclusion】 Both Sila-Max and Sila-Mix showed the potential to improve the quality of corn silage,and Sila-Max was better for the fermentation and nutritive parameters,Sila-Mix was better for the aerobic stability.The bacteria inoculants could improve the fermentation,nutritive quality and aerobic stability,and decrease the dry matter loss of whole-plant corn silage.
引文
[1] Goeser J P,Heuer C R,Crump P M.Forage fermentation product measures are related to dry matter loss through meta-analysis[J].Professional Animal Scientist,2015,31(2):137-145.
[2] Kim S C,Adesogan A T.Influence of ensiling temperature,simulated rainfall,and delayed sealing on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(8):3122-3132.
[3] Berger L L,Bolsen K K.Sealing strategies for bunker silos and drive-over piles[J].Proc Silage for Dairy Farms Growing,Ithaca,New york:NRAES,2006.
[4] Zeng X,Ma Y,Ma L.Utilization of straw in biomass energy in China[J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2007,11(5):976-987.
[5] Goeser J P,Heuer C R,Crump P M.Forage fermentation product measures are related to dry matter loss through meta-analysis[J].Professional Animal Scientist,2015,31(2):137-145.
[6] Kim S C,Adesogan A T.Influence of ensiling temperature,simulated rainfall,and delayed sealing on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(8):3122-32.
[7] Huisden C M,Adesogan A T,Kim S C,et al.Effect of applying molasses or inoculants containing homofermentative or heterofermentative bacteria at two rates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(2):690-697.
[8] Kang T W,Adesogan A T,Kim S C,et al.Effects of an esterase-producing inoculant on fermentation,aerobic stability,and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(2):732-738.
[9] Mills J A,Jr K L.The effect of delayed ensiling and application of a propionic acid-based additive on the fermentation of barley silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(8):1969-1975.
[10] Hu W,Schmidt R J,Mcdonell E E,et al.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(8):3907-14.
[11] Kang T W,Adesogan A T,Kim S C,et al.Effects of an esterase-producing inoculant on fermentation,aerobic stability,and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(2):732-738.
[12] Jr L K,Schmidt R J,Ebling T E,et al.The effect of lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of ground and whole high-moisture corn 1[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2309-2314.
[13] 梁瑜,雷赵民,吴建平,等.不同添加剂(物)对玉米秸秆青贮有机酸含量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(5):34-39.
[14] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:46-75.
[15] Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[16] Earing J E,Cassill B D,HayesSH,et al.Comparison of in vitro digestibility estimates using the Daisy II incubator with in vivo digestibility estimates in horses[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(12):3954-3963.
[17] Wang P,Souma K,Kobayashi Y,et al.Influences of northern leaf blight on corn silage fermentation quality,nutritive value and feed intake by sheep[J].Animal Science Journal,2010,81(4):487 493.
[18] Mills J A,Jr K L.The effect of delayed ensiling and application of a propionic acid-based additive on the fermentation of barley silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(8):1969-1975.
[19] Arbabi S,Ghoorchi T,Hasani S.The effect of delayed ensiling and application of an propionic acid-based additives on the nutrition value of corn silage[J].Asian Journal of Animal Sciences,2010,4(5):219-227.
[20] 公美玲.玉米秸秆青贮过程中的营养动态研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[21] Borreani,GiorgioBernardes,Fernandestabacco T,et al.Aerobic deterioration influences the fermentative,microbiological and nutritional quality of maize and sorghum silages on farm in high quality milk and cheese production chains[J].Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2008,37(spe):68-77.
[22] 吕文龙,刁其玉,闫贵龙.布氏乳杆菌对青玉米秸青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):143-148.
[23] Jalc D,Laukova A,Simonova P M,et al.Bacterial inoculant effects on corn silage fermentation and nutrient composition[J].Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2009,22(7):977-983.
[2] Kim S C,Adesogan A T.Influence of ensiling temperature,simulated rainfall,and delayed sealing on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(8):3122-3132.
[3] Berger L L,Bolsen K K.Sealing strategies for bunker silos and drive-over piles[J].Proc Silage for Dairy Farms Growing,Ithaca,New york:NRAES,2006.
[4] Zeng X,Ma Y,Ma L.Utilization of straw in biomass energy in China[J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2007,11(5):976-987.
[5] Goeser J P,Heuer C R,Crump P M.Forage fermentation product measures are related to dry matter loss through meta-analysis[J].Professional Animal Scientist,2015,31(2):137-145.
[6] Kim S C,Adesogan A T.Influence of ensiling temperature,simulated rainfall,and delayed sealing on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(8):3122-32.
[7] Huisden C M,Adesogan A T,Kim S C,et al.Effect of applying molasses or inoculants containing homofermentative or heterofermentative bacteria at two rates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(2):690-697.
[8] Kang T W,Adesogan A T,Kim S C,et al.Effects of an esterase-producing inoculant on fermentation,aerobic stability,and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(2):732-738.
[9] Mills J A,Jr K L.The effect of delayed ensiling and application of a propionic acid-based additive on the fermentation of barley silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(8):1969-1975.
[10] Hu W,Schmidt R J,Mcdonell E E,et al.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(8):3907-14.
[11] Kang T W,Adesogan A T,Kim S C,et al.Effects of an esterase-producing inoculant on fermentation,aerobic stability,and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(2):732-738.
[12] Jr L K,Schmidt R J,Ebling T E,et al.The effect of lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of ground and whole high-moisture corn 1[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2309-2314.
[13] 梁瑜,雷赵民,吴建平,等.不同添加剂(物)对玉米秸秆青贮有机酸含量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(5):34-39.
[14] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:46-75.
[15] Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[16] Earing J E,Cassill B D,HayesSH,et al.Comparison of in vitro digestibility estimates using the Daisy II incubator with in vivo digestibility estimates in horses[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(12):3954-3963.
[17] Wang P,Souma K,Kobayashi Y,et al.Influences of northern leaf blight on corn silage fermentation quality,nutritive value and feed intake by sheep[J].Animal Science Journal,2010,81(4):487 493.
[18] Mills J A,Jr K L.The effect of delayed ensiling and application of a propionic acid-based additive on the fermentation of barley silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(8):1969-1975.
[19] Arbabi S,Ghoorchi T,Hasani S.The effect of delayed ensiling and application of an propionic acid-based additives on the nutrition value of corn silage[J].Asian Journal of Animal Sciences,2010,4(5):219-227.
[20] 公美玲.玉米秸秆青贮过程中的营养动态研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[21] Borreani,GiorgioBernardes,Fernandestabacco T,et al.Aerobic deterioration influences the fermentative,microbiological and nutritional quality of maize and sorghum silages on farm in high quality milk and cheese production chains[J].Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2008,37(spe):68-77.
[22] 吕文龙,刁其玉,闫贵龙.布氏乳杆菌对青玉米秸青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):143-148.
[23] Jalc D,Laukova A,Simonova P M,et al.Bacterial inoculant effects on corn silage fermentation and nutrient composition[J].Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2009,22(7):977-983.