生物质炭替代草炭对漂浮育苗烟苗生长的影响
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摘要
为解决漂浮育苗基质中草炭过度利用等问题,以生物质炭为试验材料,采用漂浮育苗和田间试验方法研究生物质炭替代草炭对漂浮育苗烟苗生长的影响。结果表明:50%玉米秸秆炭替代草炭后,烟苗各时期生长较好,出苗率、成苗率分别达91.4%、97.5%,显著高于其他处理;茎高、茎围、各部分生物量以及根冠比均处于较高水平。相比而言,70%烟杆炭替代草炭处理烟苗生长有延滞现象,各指标明显低于其他处理。综上所述,玉米秸秆炭在替代草炭成为烟草漂浮育苗基质方面更具潜力,烟杆炭对烟苗生长的促进作用弱于玉米秸秆炭,甚至出现生长延滞现象。
To curb the overuse of peat in floating seedling matrix, the effect of biochar on flue-cured tobacco growth was investigated by using biochar as material and adopting float breeding and field experiment. Results showed that tobacco seedlings at each stage grew well in the treatment of 50% maize straw-derived biochar substituting peat. The rate of emergence and the rate of seedling were significantly higher than those in other treatments, which was up to 91.4% and 97.5%, respectively. The indices including stem height, stem girth,biomass of each part as well as root shoot ratio were at relatively high level. By contrast, the growth of tobacco seedlings was delayed in the treatment of 70% tobacco stalk-derived biochar substituting peat, with each index obviously lower than that of other treatments. In conclusion, the maize straw-derived biochar has more potential to be used as the floating seedling substrate substituting peat. The tobacco stalk-derived biochar has weaker improving effect on tobacco seedlings' growth than maize straw-derived biochar, and even inhibit the growth.
To curb the overuse of peat in floating seedling matrix, the effect of biochar on flue-cured tobacco growth was investigated by using biochar as material and adopting float breeding and field experiment. Results showed that tobacco seedlings at each stage grew well in the treatment of 50% maize straw-derived biochar substituting peat. The rate of emergence and the rate of seedling were significantly higher than those in other treatments, which was up to 91.4% and 97.5%, respectively. The indices including stem height, stem girth,biomass of each part as well as root shoot ratio were at relatively high level. By contrast, the growth of tobacco seedlings was delayed in the treatment of 70% tobacco stalk-derived biochar substituting peat, with each index obviously lower than that of other treatments. In conclusion, the maize straw-derived biochar has more potential to be used as the floating seedling substrate substituting peat. The tobacco stalk-derived biochar has weaker improving effect on tobacco seedlings' growth than maize straw-derived biochar, and even inhibit the growth.
引文
[1]彭细桥,吴践志,陆中山,等.我国烟草漂浮育苗技术应用现状、研究进展及发展方向[J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(3):90-94.
[2]时向东,孙军伟,谢晓波,等.烟草漂浮育苗基质研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(5):64-68.
[3]吴涛,晋艳,杨宇虹,等.烤烟漂浮育苗草炭替代基质研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(1):194-198.
[4]谭思思,黄银章,姚强,等.几中烟草育苗替代基质育苗效果研究[J].作物研究,2015,29(5):506-510.
[5]布云虹,胡小东,王跃金,等.砂和珍珠岩混合无机基质在烤烟漂浮育苗的应用[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(3):24-28.
[6]董建新,苏建东,王刚,等.我国烟草育苗技术现状分析[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(1):119-124.
[7]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):779-785.
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[10]许燕萍,谢祖彬,朱建国,等.制炭温度对玉米和小麦生物质炭理化性质的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(1):73-78.
[11]Crombie K,Masek O,Sohi S P,et al.The effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar stability as determined by three methods[J].GCB Bioenergy,2013,5(2):122-131.
[12]彭靖.对我国农业废弃物资源化利用的思考[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(2):794-798.
[13]徐宇鹏,朱洪光,成潇伟,等.农业废弃物资源化利用产业进化与多产业联动研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(4):90-94.
[14]谢春凤,屠乃美,田峰,等.烟草漂浮育苗基质替代研究现状及展望[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(16):58-62.
[15]吴涛,晋艳,杨宇虹,等.替代烤烟漂浮育苗基质中草炭的研究——Ⅰ褐煤、秸秆等原料完全替代草炭的研究初报[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(2):234-240.
[16]莫静静,夏志林,陈晓明,等.碳化谷壳和苔藓在烟草漂浮育苗基质中的应用[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(5):1217-1220.
[17]黄刘亚,孙永波,刘书武,等.烤烟漂浮育苗基质中泥炭替代的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(6):75-79.
[18]王强义,张灿,陈波,等.烤烟漂浮育苗基质不同配方筛选及效果比较[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(6):20-24.
[19]谢春凤,屠乃美,田峰,等.烟草漂浮育苗基质替代研究现状及展望[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(16):58-62.
[20]位辉琴,申永防,杜阅光,等.烟梗草炭在烟草漂浮育苗基质中的应用[J].烟草科技,2013(9):82-84.
[21]郭平,王观竹,许梦,等.不同热解温度下生物质废弃物制备的生物质炭组成及结构特征[J].吉林大学学报,2014,52(4):855-860.
[22]王萌萌,周启星.生物炭的土壤环境效应及其机制研究[J].环境化学,2013,32(5):768-780.
[23]成功,康健,张育林,等.生物质炭施用对烟草漂浮育苗中出苗及幼苗生长的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(3):6-10.
[24]王晋,庄舜尧,曹志洪,等.不同生物炭浸提液对水稻发芽及幼苗发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(30):50-55.
[25]赵世翔,姬强,李忠微,等.热解温度对生物质炭性质及其在土壤中矿化的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(6):183-200.
[26]伍孟雄,杨敏,孙雪,等.生物质炭生物与非生物氧化特性研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2810-2818.
[2]时向东,孙军伟,谢晓波,等.烟草漂浮育苗基质研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(5):64-68.
[3]吴涛,晋艳,杨宇虹,等.烤烟漂浮育苗草炭替代基质研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(1):194-198.
[4]谭思思,黄银章,姚强,等.几中烟草育苗替代基质育苗效果研究[J].作物研究,2015,29(5):506-510.
[5]布云虹,胡小东,王跃金,等.砂和珍珠岩混合无机基质在烤烟漂浮育苗的应用[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(3):24-28.
[6]董建新,苏建东,王刚,等.我国烟草育苗技术现状分析[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(1):119-124.
[7]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):779-785.
[8]Atkinson C J,Fitzgerald J D,Hipps N A.Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils:a review[J].Plant and Soil,2010,337(1-2):1-18.
[9]刘光亮,王永利,吕国新,等.不同生物炭配比育苗基质对烟苗素质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(5):84-87.
[10]许燕萍,谢祖彬,朱建国,等.制炭温度对玉米和小麦生物质炭理化性质的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(1):73-78.
[11]Crombie K,Masek O,Sohi S P,et al.The effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar stability as determined by three methods[J].GCB Bioenergy,2013,5(2):122-131.
[12]彭靖.对我国农业废弃物资源化利用的思考[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(2):794-798.
[13]徐宇鹏,朱洪光,成潇伟,等.农业废弃物资源化利用产业进化与多产业联动研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(4):90-94.
[14]谢春凤,屠乃美,田峰,等.烟草漂浮育苗基质替代研究现状及展望[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(16):58-62.
[15]吴涛,晋艳,杨宇虹,等.替代烤烟漂浮育苗基质中草炭的研究——Ⅰ褐煤、秸秆等原料完全替代草炭的研究初报[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(2):234-240.
[16]莫静静,夏志林,陈晓明,等.碳化谷壳和苔藓在烟草漂浮育苗基质中的应用[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(5):1217-1220.
[17]黄刘亚,孙永波,刘书武,等.烤烟漂浮育苗基质中泥炭替代的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(6):75-79.
[18]王强义,张灿,陈波,等.烤烟漂浮育苗基质不同配方筛选及效果比较[J].山地农业生物学报,2015,34(6):20-24.
[19]谢春凤,屠乃美,田峰,等.烟草漂浮育苗基质替代研究现状及展望[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(16):58-62.
[20]位辉琴,申永防,杜阅光,等.烟梗草炭在烟草漂浮育苗基质中的应用[J].烟草科技,2013(9):82-84.
[21]郭平,王观竹,许梦,等.不同热解温度下生物质废弃物制备的生物质炭组成及结构特征[J].吉林大学学报,2014,52(4):855-860.
[22]王萌萌,周启星.生物炭的土壤环境效应及其机制研究[J].环境化学,2013,32(5):768-780.
[23]成功,康健,张育林,等.生物质炭施用对烟草漂浮育苗中出苗及幼苗生长的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(3):6-10.
[24]王晋,庄舜尧,曹志洪,等.不同生物炭浸提液对水稻发芽及幼苗发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(30):50-55.
[25]赵世翔,姬强,李忠微,等.热解温度对生物质炭性质及其在土壤中矿化的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(6):183-200.
[26]伍孟雄,杨敏,孙雪,等.生物质炭生物与非生物氧化特性研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2810-2818.