不同地磁条件下同步轨道高能电子通量对合声波的响应
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摘要
本文研究了2005年8月24日强磁暴(事件A,Dst<200 nT,AE指数平均值为436 nT)与2006年10月28日弱磁暴(事件B,Dst>50 nT,AE指数平均值为320 nT)期间同步轨道高能电子通量的演化过程.LANL和GOES-12卫星观测数据表明:恢复相期间,事件A和事件B中高能电子通量均上升约10倍;随着亚暴持续的发生,Cluster C4卫星均观测到同步轨道存在强烈的哨声波合声模(波强达到10 5nT2/Hz),波幅主要依赖于亚暴AE指数,与Dst指数关联较弱.采用高斯波谱拟合,求解了控制波粒相互作用的Fokker-Planck扩散方程.模拟结果表明:两例事件中的合声模能有效加速1 MeV左右的高能电子,且在高投掷角区域加速作用更加明显;加速时间尺度和幅度与观测数据基本吻合.本文研究为合声模加速辐射带高能电子过程提供了新的观测支持.
引文
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袁憧憬,宗秋刚.2011.磁暴期间外辐射带的 1.5~6.0 MeV 电子通量变化.中国科学:技术科学,41:670–680
宗秋刚,王永福,杨彪,等.2009.ULF 波及其与能量粒子相互作用研究进展.中国科学:技术科学,39:923–926
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Shi X F,Zong Q G,Wang Y F.2012.Comparison between the ring current energy injection and decay under southward and northward IMF Bz conditions during geomagnetic storms.Sci China Tech Sci,55:2769–2777
Su Z P,Zheng H N,Wang S.2009a.Dynamic evolution of energetic outer zone electrons due to whistler-mode chorus based on a realistic density model.J Geophys Res,114:A07201
Su Z P,Zheng H N,Wang S.2009b.Evolution of electron pitch angle distribution due to interactions with whistler mode chorus following substorm injections.J Geophys Res,114:A08202
Su Z P,Zheng H N,Wang S.2010.Three-dimensional simulation of energetic outer zone electron dynamics due to wave-particle interaction and azimuthal advection.J Geophys Res,115:A06203
Summers D.2005.Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for field-aligned electromagnetic wave with applications to the magnetosphere.J Geophys Res,110:A08213
Tao X,Bortnik J,Albert J M,et al.2011a.Comparison of quasilinear diffusion coefficients for parallel propagating whistler mode wave with test particle simulations.Geophys Res Lett,38:L06105
Tao X,Thorne R M,Li W,et al.2011b.Evolution of electron pitch angle distributions following injection from the plasma sheet.J Geophys Res,116:A04229
Thorne R M,Shprits Y Y,Meredith N P,et al.2007.Refilling of the slot region between the inner and outer electron radiation belts during geomagnetic storms.J Geophys Res,112:A06203
Thorne R M,Ni B,Tao X,et al.2010.Scattering by chorus waves as the dominant cause of diffuse auroral precipitation.Nature,467:943–946
Tsurutani B T,Smith E J.1977.Two types of magnetospheric ELF chorus and their substorm dependencies.J Geophys Res,82:5112–5128
Wrenn G L,Rodgers D J,Ryden K A.2002.A solar cycle of spacecraft anomalies due to internal charging.Ann Geophys,20:953–956
Xiao F L,Su Z P,Zheng H N,et al.2009.Modeling of outer radiation belt electrons by multidimensional diffusion process.J Geophys Res,114:A03201
Xiao F L,Su Z P,Zheng H N,et al.2010a.Three-dimensional simulations of outer radiation belt electron dynamics including cross-diffusion terms.J Geophys Res,115:A05216
Xiao F L,Su Z P,Chen L X,et al.2010b.A parametric study on outer radiation belt electron evolution by superluminous R-X mode waves.J Geophys Res,115:A10217
Xiao F L,Chen L X,He Y H,et al.2011.Modeling for precipitation loss of ring current protons by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves.J Atoms Sol-Terr Phys,73:88–94
Zhang Q H,Liu R Y,Yang H G,et al.2012.SuperDARN CUTLASS Finland radar observations of high-latitude magnetic reconnections under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions.Sci China Tech Sci,55:1207–1216
Zhao H,Zong Q G,Wei Y,et al.2011.Influence of solar wind dynamic pressure on geomagnetic Dst index during various magnetic storms.Sci China Tech Sci,54:1445–1454
Zong Q G,Zhou X Z,Wang Y F,et al.2009.Energetic electron response to ULF waves induced by interplanetary shocks in the outer radiation belt.J Geophys Res,114:A10204
高红,徐寄遥,陈光明,等.2011.TIMED 卫星测量得到的 OH 和 O2(1.27 μm)夜气辉全球分布特征.中国科学:技术科学,41:374–384
何兆国,肖伏良,宗秋刚,等.2011.多卫星联合观测磁暴时合声波驱动的外辐射带高能电子通量的增强.中国科学:技术科学,41:1106–1114
李磊,冯永勇.2011.中内磁层低能电子通量分布模式.中国科学:技术科学,41:493–499
袁憧憬,宗秋刚.2011.磁暴期间外辐射带的 1.5~6.0 MeV 电子通量变化.中国科学:技术科学,41:670–680
宗秋刚,王永福,杨彪,等.2009.ULF 波及其与能量粒子相互作用研究进展.中国科学:技术科学,39:923–926
Albert J M,Young S L.2005.Multidimensional quasilinear diffusion of radiation belt electrons.Geophys Res Lett,32:L14110
Baker D N,Blake J B,Klebesadel R W,et al.1986.Highly relativistic electrons in the Earth’s outer magnetosphere:1.Lifetimes and temporal history 1979–1984.J Geophys Res,91:4265–4276
Baker D N.1996.Solar wind-magnetosphere drivers of space weather.J Atmos Sol-Terr Phys,58:1509–1526
Bortnik J,Thorne R M,O’Brien T P,et al.2006.Observation of two distinct,rapid loss mechanisms during the 20 November 2003 radiation belt dropout event.J Geophys Res,111:A12216
Cao J B,Wang Z Q,Ma Y D,et al.2012.Differences between onset times of bursty bulk flows (BBFs) of two Cluster satellites in the magnetotail.Sci China Tech Sci,55:1178–1183
Fok M C,Glocer A,Zheng Q,et al.2010.Recent developments in the radiation belt environment model.J Atmos Sol-Terr Phys,73:1435–1443
Gao H,Nee J B,Chen G M.2012.Longitudinal distribution of O2 nightglow brightness observed by TIEMD/SABER satellite.Sci China Tech Sci,55:1258–1263
Glauert S A,Horne R B.2005.Calculation of pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients with the PADIE code.J Geophys Res,110:A04206
He F,Zhang B C,Huang D H.2012.Averaged NmF2 of cusp-latitude ionosphere in northern hemisphere for solar minimum—Comparison between modeling and ESR during IPY.Sci China Tech Sci,55:1281–1286
Horne R B,Thorne R M.1998.Potential waves for relativistic electron scattering and stochastic acceleration during magnetic storms.J Geophys Res,25:3011–3014
Horne R B,Thorne R M,Glauert S A,et al.2005.Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves.J Geophys Res,110:A03225
Lauben D S,Inan U S,Bell T F.1998.VLF chorus emissions observed by polar during the January 10,1997.Geophys Res Lett,25:2995–2998
Li X,Baker D N,Temeri M,et al.1997a.Multisatellite observations of the outer zone electron variation during the November 3–4,1993,magnetic storm.J Geophys Res,102:14123–14140
Li X,Baker D N,Temerin M,et al.1997b.Are energetic electrons in the solar wind the source of the outer radiation belt? Geophys Res Lett,24:923–926
Li W,Shprits Y Y,Thorne R M.2007.Dynamical evolution of energetic electrons due to wave-particle interactions during storms.J Geophys Res,112:A10220
Li L Y,Cao J B,Zhou G C,et al.2009.Statistical roles of storms and substorms in changing the entire outer zone relativistic electron population.J Geophys Res,114:A12214
Ma Y D,Cao J B,Reme H,et al.2012.Multi-spacecraft observations of earthward flow bursts.Sci China Tech Sci,55:1305–1311
Meredith N P,Horne R B,2001.Anderson R R.Substorm dependence of chorus amplitudes:Implications for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies.J Geophys Res,106:13165–13178
Meredith N P,Horne R B,Thorne R M,et al.2003.Favored regions for chorus driven electron acceleration to relativistic energies in the earth’s outer radiation belt.Geophys Res Lett,30:1871
Miyoshi Y,Morioka A,Misawa H,et al.2003.Rebuilding process of the outer radiation belt during the November 3,1993,magnetic storm—NOAA and EXOS-D observations.J Geophys Res,108:1004
Reeves G D,McAdams K L,Friedel R H W,et al.2003.Acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms.Geophys Res Lett,30:1529
Reme H,Aoustin C,Bosqued J M,et al.2001.First multi-spacecraft ion measurements in and near the Earth’s magnetosphere with the identical Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) experiment,Ann Geophys,19:1303–1354
Shi X F,Zong Q G,Wang Y F.2012.Comparison between the ring current energy injection and decay under southward and northward IMF Bz conditions during geomagnetic storms.Sci China Tech Sci,55:2769–2777
Su Z P,Zheng H N,Wang S.2009a.Dynamic evolution of energetic outer zone electrons due to whistler-mode chorus based on a realistic density model.J Geophys Res,114:A07201
Su Z P,Zheng H N,Wang S.2009b.Evolution of electron pitch angle distribution due to interactions with whistler mode chorus following substorm injections.J Geophys Res,114:A08202
Su Z P,Zheng H N,Wang S.2010.Three-dimensional simulation of energetic outer zone electron dynamics due to wave-particle interaction and azimuthal advection.J Geophys Res,115:A06203
Summers D.2005.Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for field-aligned electromagnetic wave with applications to the magnetosphere.J Geophys Res,110:A08213
Tao X,Bortnik J,Albert J M,et al.2011a.Comparison of quasilinear diffusion coefficients for parallel propagating whistler mode wave with test particle simulations.Geophys Res Lett,38:L06105
Tao X,Thorne R M,Li W,et al.2011b.Evolution of electron pitch angle distributions following injection from the plasma sheet.J Geophys Res,116:A04229
Thorne R M,Shprits Y Y,Meredith N P,et al.2007.Refilling of the slot region between the inner and outer electron radiation belts during geomagnetic storms.J Geophys Res,112:A06203
Thorne R M,Ni B,Tao X,et al.2010.Scattering by chorus waves as the dominant cause of diffuse auroral precipitation.Nature,467:943–946
Tsurutani B T,Smith E J.1977.Two types of magnetospheric ELF chorus and their substorm dependencies.J Geophys Res,82:5112–5128
Wrenn G L,Rodgers D J,Ryden K A.2002.A solar cycle of spacecraft anomalies due to internal charging.Ann Geophys,20:953–956
Xiao F L,Su Z P,Zheng H N,et al.2009.Modeling of outer radiation belt electrons by multidimensional diffusion process.J Geophys Res,114:A03201
Xiao F L,Su Z P,Zheng H N,et al.2010a.Three-dimensional simulations of outer radiation belt electron dynamics including cross-diffusion terms.J Geophys Res,115:A05216
Xiao F L,Su Z P,Chen L X,et al.2010b.A parametric study on outer radiation belt electron evolution by superluminous R-X mode waves.J Geophys Res,115:A10217
Xiao F L,Chen L X,He Y H,et al.2011.Modeling for precipitation loss of ring current protons by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves.J Atoms Sol-Terr Phys,73:88–94
Zhang Q H,Liu R Y,Yang H G,et al.2012.SuperDARN CUTLASS Finland radar observations of high-latitude magnetic reconnections under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions.Sci China Tech Sci,55:1207–1216
Zhao H,Zong Q G,Wei Y,et al.2011.Influence of solar wind dynamic pressure on geomagnetic Dst index during various magnetic storms.Sci China Tech Sci,54:1445–1454
Zong Q G,Zhou X Z,Wang Y F,et al.2009.Energetic electron response to ULF waves induced by interplanetary shocks in the outer radiation belt.J Geophys Res,114:A10204