考虑电压稳定性与越限的配电网电压质量评估指标
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摘要
大量分布式电源并网,使得配电网电压越限和稳定性问题更加突出,而配电网微型同步相量测量装置(distribution phasor measurement unit,D-PMU)为配电网电压特性在线监测提供了新手段。本文提出了一种适合于D-PMU的、综合反映配网电压稳定性和越限的电压质量在线评估指标。首先,在分析支路在线电压稳定指标配电网适应性的基础上,说明了现有指标能反映一定程度的配电网电压稳定性,但对于常见的电压越界问题很难反映;其次,结合构造的连续性阶跃模拟函数模拟电压越界,提出一种综合反映配电网电压稳定性和越限的电压质量在线评估指标,该指标可由DPMU的量测信息快速计算获得,能很好地反映出配电网中常见的电压越界问题,适用于配电网电压安全和稳定的在线监测与评估;最后,分别以简单四节点配电系统和实际20 kV配电网模型为算例,进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提指标能较好地及时反映配电网的电压越限与稳定性,验证了指标的正确性与有效性。
With the large number of distributed power sources connected to the grid,the voltage over-limit and stability problems of the distribution network are more serious,and the emergence of distribution network phasor measurement unit( D-PMU) provides a new means for real-time online monitoring of the stable operation of the distribution network. This paper proposes an online evaluation index for voltage quality that is suitable for D-PMU and comprehensively reflects the voltage stability and over-limit of the distribution network. Firstly,on the basis of analyzing the adaptability of the on-line voltage stability index in distribution network,it show s that the existing indexs can reflect the voltage stability of the distribution network to a certain extent,but it is difficult to reflect the common voltage out of bounds problem. Secondly,through constructing a continuous step simulation function to simulate the voltage out of bounds,an online evaluation index is proposed. The index can be quickly calculated by the measurement information of the D-PMU,which can well reflect the common voltage over-limit problem in the distribution network. Finally,the simulation is verified by a simple four-node power distribution system and an actual 20 kV distribution network model. The results show that the proposed index can reflect the voltage limit and stability of the distribution network timely,and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the index.
With the large number of distributed power sources connected to the grid,the voltage over-limit and stability problems of the distribution network are more serious,and the emergence of distribution network phasor measurement unit( D-PMU) provides a new means for real-time online monitoring of the stable operation of the distribution network. This paper proposes an online evaluation index for voltage quality that is suitable for D-PMU and comprehensively reflects the voltage stability and over-limit of the distribution network. Firstly,on the basis of analyzing the adaptability of the on-line voltage stability index in distribution network,it show s that the existing indexs can reflect the voltage stability of the distribution network to a certain extent,but it is difficult to reflect the common voltage out of bounds problem. Secondly,through constructing a continuous step simulation function to simulate the voltage out of bounds,an online evaluation index is proposed. The index can be quickly calculated by the measurement information of the D-PMU,which can well reflect the common voltage over-limit problem in the distribution network. Finally,the simulation is verified by a simple four-node power distribution system and an actual 20 kV distribution network model. The results show that the proposed index can reflect the voltage limit and stability of the distribution network timely,and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the index.
引文
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[12]MOGHAVVEMI M,FARUQUE M O.Technique for assessment of voltage stability in ill-conditioned radial distribution network[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2001,21(1):58-60.
[13]刘道伟,谢小荣,穆钢,等.基于同步相量测量的电力系统在线电压稳定指标[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):13-17.LIU Daow ei,XIE Xiaorong,M U Gang,et al.On-line voltage stability index of pow er system based on synchronous phasor measurement[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(1):13-17.
[14]董雷,张昭,蒲天骄,等.基于PMU量测信息的电压稳定在线评估指标[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(11):1-6.DONG Lei,ZHANG Zhao,PU Tianjiao,et al.Voltage stability online evaluation index based on PM U measurement information[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2015,43(11):1-6.
[15]薛安成,刘瑞煌,李铭凯,等.基于支路电压方程的在线电压稳定指标[J].电工技术学报,2017,33(7):95-102.XUE Ancheng,LIU Ruihuang,LI Mingkai,et al.Online voltage stability index based on branch voltage equation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,33(7):95-102.
[16]薛禹胜,徐伟,万秋兰,等.关于广域测量系统及广域控制保护系统的评述[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(15):1-4.XUE Yusheng,XU Wei,WAN Qiulan,et al.Review on w ide area measurement system and w ide area control and protection system[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2007,31(15):1-4.
[17]MEIER A V,CULLER D,MCEACHERN A,et al.Micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems[C]//Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference(ISGT),February 19-22,2014,Washington,DC,USA.New York:IEEE,2014.
[18]PHADKE A G,BI T S.Phasor measurement units,WAMS,and their applications in protection and control of pow er systems[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2018,6(4):619-629.
[19]巩伟峥,房鑫炎.基于广域测量系统的电压稳定指标[J].电网技术,2011,35(4):71-75.GONG Weizhen,FANG Xinyan.Voltage stability indicator based on w ide area measurement system[J].Pow er System Technology,2011,35(4):71-75.
[20]QUINTELA A S,CASTRO C A.Improved branch-based voltage stability proximity indices part I:theoretical background[C]//Proceedings of 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Pow er Engineering,June 26-28,2002,Halifax,NS,Canada.New York:IEEE,2002:109-114.
[21]余娟,李文沅,颜伟.对几个基于线路局部信息的电压稳定指标有效性的质疑[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(19):27-35.YU Juan,LI Wenyuan,YAN Wei.Questioning the validity of several voltage stability indicators based on local information of lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(19):27-35.櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡
[22]WANG Y,XUE A,LUO K,et al.Analyses on the adaptability of the branch voltage stability index in the distribution netw ork interconnected w ith PV[C]//2018 International Conference on Pow er System Technology,Guangzhou:China,2018.
[23]陈海焱,段献忠,陈金富.分布式发电对配网静态电压稳定性的影响[J].电网技术,2006,30(19):27-30.CHEN Haiyan,DUAN Xianzhong,CHEN Jinfu.Influence of distributed generation on static voltage stability of distribution netw ork[J].Pow er System Technology,2006,30(19):27-30.
[24]武晓朦,刘健,毕鹏翔.配电网电压稳定性研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(24):31-35.WU Xiaomeng,LIU Jian,BI Pengxiang.Research on voltage stability of distribution netw ork[J].Pow er System Technology,2006,30(24):31-35.
[25]张谦,廖清芬,唐飞.计及分布式电源接入的配电网静态电压稳定性评估方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(15):42-48.ZHANG Qian,LIAO Qingfen,TANG Fei.M ethod for evaluating static voltage stability of distribution netw ork considering distributed pow er access[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(15):42-48.
[26]孙顺祥,李晓明,刘振盛,等.计及电压稳定性评估的配电网DG选址定容的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2019,47(3):88-94.SUN Shunxiang,LI Xiaoming,LIU Zhensheng,et al.Study on DG site selection and constant capacity of distribution netw ork considering voltage stability assessment[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2019,47(3):88-94.
[2]韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施[J].电网技术,2004,28(9):1-6.HAN Zhenxiang,CAO Yijia.Power system safety and prevention measures[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(9):1-6.
[3]周双喜,朱凌志,郭锡玖,等.电力系统电压稳定性及其控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[4]段献忠,何仰赞,陈德树.电力系统电压稳定的研究现状[J].电网技术,1995,19(4):20-24.DUAN Xianzhong,HE Yanzan,CHEN Deshu.Research status of pow er system voltage stability[J].Pow er System Technology,1995,19(4):20-24.
[5]VENIKOV V A,STROEV V A,IDELCHICKET V I,et al.Estimation of electrical pow er system steady-state stabilityin load flow calculations[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Apparatus and Systems,1975,94(3):1034-1041.
[6]杨黎晖,马西奎.基于分岔理论的含双馈风电机组的电力系统电压稳定性分析[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(9):1-8.YANG Lihun,M A Xikui.Voltage stability analysis of pow er system w ith doubly-fed w ind turbines based on bifurcation theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(9):1-8.
[7]TAMURA Y,MORI H,IWAMOTO S.Relationship between voltage instability and multiple load flow solutions in electric pow er systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Apparatus&Systems,1983,102(5):1115-1125.
[8]CHEBBO A M,IRVING M R,STERLING M J H.Voltage collapse proximity indicator:behaviour and implication[J].IEE Proceedings C of Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1992,139(3):241-252.
[9]袁骏,段献忠,何仰赞,等.电力系统电压稳定灵敏度分析方法综述[J].电网技术,1997,21(9):7-10.YUAN Jun,DUAN Xianzhong,HE Yanzan,et al.A survey of pow er system voltage stability sensitivity analysis methods[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(9):7-10.
[10]LEE B,AJJARAPU V.Invariant subspace parametric sensitivity(ISPS)of structure-preserving power system models[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Systems,1996,11(2):845-850.
[11]MOGHAVVEMI M,FARUQUE M O.Power system security and voltage collapse:a line outage based indicator for prediction[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,1999,21(6):455-461.
[12]MOGHAVVEMI M,FARUQUE M O.Technique for assessment of voltage stability in ill-conditioned radial distribution network[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2001,21(1):58-60.
[13]刘道伟,谢小荣,穆钢,等.基于同步相量测量的电力系统在线电压稳定指标[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):13-17.LIU Daow ei,XIE Xiaorong,M U Gang,et al.On-line voltage stability index of pow er system based on synchronous phasor measurement[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(1):13-17.
[14]董雷,张昭,蒲天骄,等.基于PMU量测信息的电压稳定在线评估指标[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(11):1-6.DONG Lei,ZHANG Zhao,PU Tianjiao,et al.Voltage stability online evaluation index based on PM U measurement information[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2015,43(11):1-6.
[15]薛安成,刘瑞煌,李铭凯,等.基于支路电压方程的在线电压稳定指标[J].电工技术学报,2017,33(7):95-102.XUE Ancheng,LIU Ruihuang,LI Mingkai,et al.Online voltage stability index based on branch voltage equation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,33(7):95-102.
[16]薛禹胜,徐伟,万秋兰,等.关于广域测量系统及广域控制保护系统的评述[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(15):1-4.XUE Yusheng,XU Wei,WAN Qiulan,et al.Review on w ide area measurement system and w ide area control and protection system[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2007,31(15):1-4.
[17]MEIER A V,CULLER D,MCEACHERN A,et al.Micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems[C]//Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference(ISGT),February 19-22,2014,Washington,DC,USA.New York:IEEE,2014.
[18]PHADKE A G,BI T S.Phasor measurement units,WAMS,and their applications in protection and control of pow er systems[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2018,6(4):619-629.
[19]巩伟峥,房鑫炎.基于广域测量系统的电压稳定指标[J].电网技术,2011,35(4):71-75.GONG Weizhen,FANG Xinyan.Voltage stability indicator based on w ide area measurement system[J].Pow er System Technology,2011,35(4):71-75.
[20]QUINTELA A S,CASTRO C A.Improved branch-based voltage stability proximity indices part I:theoretical background[C]//Proceedings of 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Pow er Engineering,June 26-28,2002,Halifax,NS,Canada.New York:IEEE,2002:109-114.
[21]余娟,李文沅,颜伟.对几个基于线路局部信息的电压稳定指标有效性的质疑[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(19):27-35.YU Juan,LI Wenyuan,YAN Wei.Questioning the validity of several voltage stability indicators based on local information of lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(19):27-35.櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡櫡
[22]WANG Y,XUE A,LUO K,et al.Analyses on the adaptability of the branch voltage stability index in the distribution netw ork interconnected w ith PV[C]//2018 International Conference on Pow er System Technology,Guangzhou:China,2018.
[23]陈海焱,段献忠,陈金富.分布式发电对配网静态电压稳定性的影响[J].电网技术,2006,30(19):27-30.CHEN Haiyan,DUAN Xianzhong,CHEN Jinfu.Influence of distributed generation on static voltage stability of distribution netw ork[J].Pow er System Technology,2006,30(19):27-30.
[24]武晓朦,刘健,毕鹏翔.配电网电压稳定性研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(24):31-35.WU Xiaomeng,LIU Jian,BI Pengxiang.Research on voltage stability of distribution netw ork[J].Pow er System Technology,2006,30(24):31-35.
[25]张谦,廖清芬,唐飞.计及分布式电源接入的配电网静态电压稳定性评估方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(15):42-48.ZHANG Qian,LIAO Qingfen,TANG Fei.M ethod for evaluating static voltage stability of distribution netw ork considering distributed pow er access[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(15):42-48.
[26]孙顺祥,李晓明,刘振盛,等.计及电压稳定性评估的配电网DG选址定容的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2019,47(3):88-94.SUN Shunxiang,LI Xiaoming,LIU Zhensheng,et al.Study on DG site selection and constant capacity of distribution netw ork considering voltage stability assessment[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2019,47(3):88-94.