氮肥运筹对优质杂交稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响
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摘要
为了探明施氮量及氮肥运筹对优质杂交水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响,以晶两优华占、锦两优华占和晶两优1212为试验材料,2017～2018年在湖南省浏阳市进行了不同施氮量(145～225 kg/hm~2)和不同氮肥运筹(基肥、蘖肥、穗肥施用比例)的大田小区试验。结果表明:(1)适当减少施氮量能显著提高杂交水稻氮素收获指数、籽粒氮利用效率及氮肥偏生产力。(2)杂交水稻产量存在显著的品种间差异和年间差异,其中2017年以晶两优华占产量最高(9. 56 t/hm~2),3品种平均为8. 75 t/hm~2; 2018年以锦两优华占最高(13. 45 t/hm~2),3品种平均为12. 87 t/hm~2。(3) 2018年高施氮量处理显著增产,而2017年则显著减产。可见,增加氮肥用量或改进氮肥施用模式是否增加杂交水稻产量,可能与种植期间的气候条件有关。
In order to ascertain the effect of nitrogen( N) management on grain yield and N absorption and utilization of high-quality hybrid rice,the field experiments with three varieties( Jing-liangyouhuazhan,Jin-liangyouhuazhan and Jing-lliangyou 1212) were conducted in Liuyang city,Hunan province in 2007 and 2008. Different N application rates( 145-225 kg/hm~2) and ratios of basal fertilizer,tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer were taken as the treatments. Results showed that appropriately reduced N application rate could significantly improve N harvest index,grain N use efficiency and N partial productivity of high-quality hybrid rice. There were significantly yield differences between years and varieties. Of which,the highest yield was up to 9. 56 t/hm~2 for Jing-liangyouhuazhan in 2017 and 13. 45 t/hm~2 of Jin-liangyouhuazhan in 2018,and the average yield of three varieties was up to 8. 75 t/hm~2 in 2017 and 12. 87 t/hm~2 in 2018. High N treatment significantly increased grain yield in 2018 but reduced grain yield in 2017. Therefore,effects of increasing the amount of N fertilizer or improving the application mode of N fertilizer on the grain yield of high-quality hybrid rice may be related to the climatic conditions during the growing season.
In order to ascertain the effect of nitrogen( N) management on grain yield and N absorption and utilization of high-quality hybrid rice,the field experiments with three varieties( Jing-liangyouhuazhan,Jin-liangyouhuazhan and Jing-lliangyou 1212) were conducted in Liuyang city,Hunan province in 2007 and 2008. Different N application rates( 145-225 kg/hm~2) and ratios of basal fertilizer,tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer were taken as the treatments. Results showed that appropriately reduced N application rate could significantly improve N harvest index,grain N use efficiency and N partial productivity of high-quality hybrid rice. There were significantly yield differences between years and varieties. Of which,the highest yield was up to 9. 56 t/hm~2 for Jing-liangyouhuazhan in 2017 and 13. 45 t/hm~2 of Jin-liangyouhuazhan in 2018,and the average yield of three varieties was up to 8. 75 t/hm~2 in 2017 and 12. 87 t/hm~2 in 2018. High N treatment significantly increased grain yield in 2018 but reduced grain yield in 2017. Therefore,effects of increasing the amount of N fertilizer or improving the application mode of N fertilizer on the grain yield of high-quality hybrid rice may be related to the climatic conditions during the growing season.
引文
[1]唐启源,邹应斌,米湘成,等.不同施氮条件下超级杂交稻的产量形成特点与氮肥利用[J].杂交水稻,2003,18(1):44-48.
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[3]魏颖娟,夏冰,赵杨,等.15N示踪不同施氮量对超级稻产量形成及氮素吸收的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(4):783-791.
[4]丁艳峰,刘胜环,王绍华,等.氮素基、蘖肥用量对水稻氮素吸收与利用的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(8):739-744.
[5]陈军,叶荣榕,李程勋,等.不同氮肥运筹方式对水稻氮素利用率及产量的影响[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(7):759-763.
[6]贾东,卢晶晶,孙雅君,等.氮肥不同运筹模式对水稻生产及氮肥利用率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):584-589.
[7]邹应斌,敖和军,夏冰,等.不同氮肥施用对杂交稻产量及其氮素利用效率的影响[J].作物研究,2008,22(4):214-219.
[8]韦叶娜,张杰,杨国涛,等.不同氮素水平对杂交水稻产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(24):6-10.
[9]贺帆,黄见良,崔克辉,等.实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(1):123-132.
[2]田智慧,潘晓华.氮肥运筹及密度对超高产水稻中优752的产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2007,29(6):894-898.
[3]魏颖娟,夏冰,赵杨,等.15N示踪不同施氮量对超级稻产量形成及氮素吸收的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(4):783-791.
[4]丁艳峰,刘胜环,王绍华,等.氮素基、蘖肥用量对水稻氮素吸收与利用的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(8):739-744.
[5]陈军,叶荣榕,李程勋,等.不同氮肥运筹方式对水稻氮素利用率及产量的影响[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(7):759-763.
[6]贾东,卢晶晶,孙雅君,等.氮肥不同运筹模式对水稻生产及氮肥利用率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):584-589.
[7]邹应斌,敖和军,夏冰,等.不同氮肥施用对杂交稻产量及其氮素利用效率的影响[J].作物研究,2008,22(4):214-219.
[8]韦叶娜,张杰,杨国涛,等.不同氮素水平对杂交水稻产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(24):6-10.
[9]贺帆,黄见良,崔克辉,等.实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(1):123-132.