从行政伦理到政府信任——基于自由裁量权与行政冲突的探讨
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摘要
政府信任是建构政府合法性的基础,但在政府信任问题上,学界偏好于管理学、社会学和政治学分析,忽视行政伦理对政府信任的价值。事实上,政府信任从来就离不开行政伦理的有效支撑。在现实政治生活中,政府自由裁量权不断扩展,行政冲突日渐加剧,行政人员稍有处理不当,均将伤及政府信任。面对自由裁量权,法律和制度难以触及;面对行政冲突,法律和制度又对诸多具体行政难以防范。行政伦理的引导和规范则是妥善处理自由裁量权和行政冲突的必然选择,通过对行政人员内心信仰的浸润,使政府行政不因自由裁量权和行政冲突而偏移"善"的轨道,从而不断增进民众对政府的信任。
The government trust is the basis of constructing governmental legitimacy. The academic circle prefers the analyses through management,sociology and political science and neglects the value of administrative ethics in building up the government trust. In fact,the government trust needs the support of administrative ethics. In realistic political life,governmental discretionary power is being expanded,administrative conflicts intensified. If the administrative staff mishandle them,this will hurt the government trust. Law and regulation could not control discretionary power or prevent administrative conflict. Following the guidance and norms of administrative ethics is an inevitable choice of dealing with discretionary power and administrative conflict. By infiltrating into the inner faith of the executives,the government will not be shifted away from the normal development track of benevolence and enhance people's trust in them continuously.
The government trust is the basis of constructing governmental legitimacy. The academic circle prefers the analyses through management,sociology and political science and neglects the value of administrative ethics in building up the government trust. In fact,the government trust needs the support of administrative ethics. In realistic political life,governmental discretionary power is being expanded,administrative conflicts intensified. If the administrative staff mishandle them,this will hurt the government trust. Law and regulation could not control discretionary power or prevent administrative conflict. Following the guidance and norms of administrative ethics is an inevitable choice of dealing with discretionary power and administrative conflict. By infiltrating into the inner faith of the executives,the government will not be shifted away from the normal development track of benevolence and enhance people's trust in them continuously.
引文
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[2]Joseph S.Why people don’t trust government[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1997:3.
[3]唐土红.基于行政伦理的政府公信力构建[J].理论探索,2016(1):33.
[4]江涛.公共哲学[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2003:73.
[5]冀梦晅.发展视角下中国国家自主性与国家能力探析[J].青海社会科学,2016(4):84.
[6][意大利]尼科洛·马基雅维里.君主论[M].潘汉典,译.北京:商务印书馆,1985:6.
[7][美]乔治·弗雷德里克森.公共行政的精神[M].张成福,等,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003:90.
[8]李春成.行政人的德性与实践[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2003:38.
[9][美]伯纳德·施瓦茨.行政法[M].徐炳,译.北京:群众出版社,1986:567.
[10]张康之.寻找公共行政的伦理视角[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003:213.
[11]席来旺.美国的决策及其中国政策透析[M].北京:九州图书出版社,1999:9.
[12][德]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.合法化危机[M].曹卫东,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2000:11.
[13]姚大志.现代之后——20世纪西方晚期哲学[M].北京:东方出版社,2000:447.
[14][美]特里·L.库珀.行政伦理学:实现行政责任的途径[M].张秀琴,译.音正权,校.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001:86.
[15]Harmon,M.Responsibility as Paradox:A Critique of Rational Discourse on Government[M].Thousand Oaks,Calif:Sage,1995:163-164.
[16]李春成.制度、裁量权与德性——行政人的新概念[J].人文杂志,2001(6):16.
[17][德]康德.历史理性批判文集[M].何兆武,译.北京:商务印书馆,1990:139.