鼓式制动器动态应变和温度特性试验研究与分析
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摘要
鼓式制动器的工作过程存在着强烈的摩擦学-传热学-机械学耦合行为,其动态受载状态研究是分析制动器制动特性、进行疲劳寿命评估和结构优化设计的重要基础。该文以某重型卡车的鼓式制动器动态特性为研究对象,设计试验获得了两种制动工况下制动鼓外表面的动态应变和摩擦表面的温度变化,并采用有限元软件ABAQUS进行了考虑磨损的热机耦合仿真分析。结果表明,制动鼓局部与制动蹄不同位置接触时应变呈现极度不均匀的特征,且相似的一组四个波峰在随制动鼓的旋转重复出现。随着温度升高,热应变对制动鼓的平均应变状态影响显著。
The working process of drum brakes involves strong thermo-mechanical and tribological coupling behaviors. The research on the dynamic strain of a drum brake is of great significance to its performance analysis, structure optimization and fatigue prediction. A new test procedure is proposed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of a working drum. The strain-time properties and temperature-time properties of the friction surface of the drum are studied respectively. Thermo-mechanical and tribological coupling analysis is conducted by using software ABAQUS as well. The results show that the strain is uneven in different deformation status when the drum contact different zones of friction plates, and that a set of four wave crests is repeated. Meanwhile, thermal effect is proved significant to its mean strain status.
The working process of drum brakes involves strong thermo-mechanical and tribological coupling behaviors. The research on the dynamic strain of a drum brake is of great significance to its performance analysis, structure optimization and fatigue prediction. A new test procedure is proposed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of a working drum. The strain-time properties and temperature-time properties of the friction surface of the drum are studied respectively. Thermo-mechanical and tribological coupling analysis is conducted by using software ABAQUS as well. The results show that the strain is uneven in different deformation status when the drum contact different zones of friction plates, and that a set of four wave crests is repeated. Meanwhile, thermal effect is proved significant to its mean strain status.
引文
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[2]ZhaoY,RenLQ,TongX,etal.Frictionalwearand thermalfatiguebehavioursofbiomimeticcoupling materialsforbrakedrums[J].JournalofBionic Engineering, 2008, 5(9):20―27.
[3]GuiL,WangX,FanZ,etal.Asimulationmethodof thermo-mechanicalandtribologicalcoupledanalysisin dryslidingsystems[J].TribologyInternational,2016,103:121―131.
[4]RegheereG,CollignonM,CristolA-L,etal.Thermocracks?,aspecifictestingmachinefor evaluationofthethermalfatigueresistanceofmaterials[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2013, 66(7):250―263.
[5]GbadeyanOJ,KannyK.Tribologicalbehavioursof polymer-based hybrid nanocomposite brake pad. Journal of Tribology. 2018, 140(3):032003-1―032003-7.
[6]KarbalaeiMehdiJ,NejatA,ShariatPanahiM.Heat transferimprovementinautomotivebrakedisksvia shapeoptimizationofcoolingvanesusingimproved TPSOalgorithmcoupledwithartificialneutralnetwork[J].JournalofThermalScienceandEngineering Applications. 2017, 10(1):011013-1―011013-14.
[7]Peng D, Jones R, Constable T. A study into crack growth inarailwaywheelunderthermalstopbrakeloading spectrum[J].EngineeringFailureAnalysis,2012,25:280―290.
[8]TopacMM,ErcanS,KuralayNS.Fatiguelife predictionofaheavyvehiclesteelwheelunderradial loadsbyusingfiniteelementanalysis[J].Engineering Failure Analysis, 2012, 20(3):67―79.
[9]关鹏涛,闾川阳,唐夏焘,等.Q345R钢多个过载作用下疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究[J].工程力学,2017,34(7):224―231, 240.Guan Taopeng, LüChuanyang, Tang Xiatao, et al. Study onfatiguecrackgrowthbehaviorofQ345Rsteelunder multipleoverloads[J].EngineeringMechanics,2017,34(7):224―231, 240.(in Chinese)
[10]李慧乐,夏禾.基于车桥耦合随机振动分析的钢桥疲劳可靠度评估[J].工程力学, 2017, 34(2):69―77.LiHuile,XiaHe.Fatiguereliabilityevaluationofsteel bridgesbasedoncouplingrandomvibrationanalysisof train and bridge[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2017, 34(2):69―77.(in Chinese)
[11]KimDJ,LeeYM,ParkJS,etal.Thermalstress analysisforadiskbrakeofrailwayvehicleswith considerationofthepressuredistributiononafrictional surface[J].MaterialsScience&EngineeringA,2008,483(1):456―459.
[12]Mackin T J, Noe S C, Ball K J, et al. Thermal cracking in disc brakes[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2002, 9(1):63―76.
[13]曲杰,苏海赋.基于代理模型的通风盘式制动器制动盘结构优化设计[J].工程力学, 2013, 30(2):332―339.Qu Jie, Su Haifu. Optimization design on ventilated disc brakebasedonsurrogatemodeltechnology[J].EngineeringMechanics,2013,30(2):332―339.(in Chinese)
[14]WuSC,ZhangSQ,XuZW.Thermalcrack growth-based fatigue life prediction due to braking for a high-speedrailwaybrakedisc[J].InternationalJournal of Fatigue, 2016, 87:359―369.
[15]许自涛.鼓式制动器应力分析与试验测试[D].河北:燕山大学, 2011:47―50.XuZitao.Thestressanaylsisandexperimentalstudyof thedrumbrake[D].Hebei:YanshanUniversity,2011:47―50.(in Chinese)
[16]姚艳春,王国权,杜春英,等.重载鼓式制动器动力学特性有限元分析[J].北京信息科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 29(1):37―42.YaoYangchun,WangGuoquan,DuChunying,etal.DynamicFEAanalysesofheavyvehicledrumbrake system[J].JournalofBeijingInformationScienceand TechnologyUniversity(NaturalScienceEdition),2014,29(1):37―42.(in Chinese)
[17]张方宇,桂良进,范子杰.销-盘试验的热-应力-磨损耦合模拟研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(8):107―115.ZhangFangyu,GuiLiangjin,FanZijie.Studyon simulationofcoupledheattransfer,stressandwear behaviorinpin-on-discexperiments[J].Journalof MechanicalEngineering,2015,51(8):107―115.(in Chinese)
[18]GuiLJ,ZhangFY,FanZJ,etal.Theinfluenceof temperatureandloadondryslidingwearandfriction propertyoflowmetallicfrictionmaterial[J].Advanced Materials Research, 2014, 887/888:886―894.
[19]刘惟信.汽车设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:696―697.LiuWeixin.AutomotiveDesign[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 2001:696―697.(in Chinese)