塔里木陆块西北缘伽师铜矿成矿流体特征与成矿作用
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摘要
伽师铜矿是柯坪盆地砂岩型铜矿的典型代表,多位学者曾对其成因进行研究,但均缺乏详细地球化学证据。本次研究认为该矿床成矿期分为成岩成矿期与改造成矿期,以成岩成矿期为主。本文通过对伽师铜矿不同成矿期包裹体显微测温,成分分析以及氢、氧、碳、硫同位素的研究,探讨了该矿床成矿流体形成演化与成矿作用的关系。结果表明,该矿床成矿流体成岩期均一温度为131~206℃,盐度0.35%~9.86%(NaCl_(eq),质量分数,下同),流体密度0.90~0.99 g/cm~3,流体压力为227~464 MPa;改造期均一温度为131~285℃,盐度0.53%~9.34%,流体密度0.78~1.00 g/cm~3,流体压力为231~448 MPa,总体表现为中低温、中压、中低盐度、中等密度特征,具有典型地下热卤水特点。其δ~(34)S值范围为-34.5‰~-22.7‰,表明该矿床的硫主要源自硫酸盐细菌还原和有机质还原;成岩期包裹体水的δD值为-105.4‰~-79.2‰、δ~(18)O_(H_2O)为-3.13‰~0.87‰,改造期δD值为-108.5‰~-81.3‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)为-4.21‰~4.04‰,表明成矿流体为大气降水、盆地卤水二者混合来源,并有有机水加入;其成岩期δ13C值为-28.4‰~-24.2‰,改造期δ~(13)C值为-28.5‰~-23.0‰,与自然界有机碳δ~(13)C的负值范围特征吻合,激光拉曼探针成分分析显示该矿床成矿流体成岩期、改造期成分主要为CH_4、H_2S、H_2O等,指示油田卤水中有机质参与了矿床成岩期、改造期成矿作用过程,在伽师铜矿成矿过程中起重要还原作用。综合分析认为,有机质与伽师铜矿成矿作用关系密切,该矿床是油田卤水参与成矿作用的沉积-改造成因砂岩型铜矿。
The Jiashi copper deposit is a typical representative of sandstone-type copper deposits in the Keping basin. Many geologists have studied its genesis, but have no detailed geochemical evidence. According to research findings of this paper, the metallogenic period of the deposit can be divided into diagenetic metallogenic period and reformation metallogenic period, with the former being the main stage. In this paper, the relationship between the ore-forming fluids evolution and mineralization was investigated by means of microthermometry, composition analysis, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon and sulfur isotopes of fluid inclusions in the two metallogenic periods of the deposit. According to the results obtained, the ore-forming fluids in the diagenetic period had the homogeneous temperature 131 ~ 206℃, salinity 0. 35% ~ 9. 86%, density 0. 90 ~ 0. 99 g/cm~3, and pressure 227 ~ 464 MPa; in the reformation period, the homogeneous temperature was 131 ~ 285℃, salinity was 0. 53% ~ 9. 34%, density was0. 78 ~ 1. 00 g/cm3, and pressure was 231 ~ 448 MPa. The ore-forming fluid was of medium low-temperature, medium-pressure, low-salinity and medium density type, and it had typical characteristics of underground hot brine.The δ~(34)S values range from-34. 5 ‰ to-22. 7 ‰, indicating that the sulfur of the deposit was mainly derived from sulfate bacteria reduction and organic matter reduction. The δD values of inclusions of diagenetic period are-105. 4‰ ~-79. 2‰, δ~(18)O_(H_2O) are-3. 13‰ ~ 0. 87‰; in the reformation period the δD values are-108. 5‰~-81. 3‰, and δ~(18)O_(H_2O) are-4. 21‰ ~ 4. 04‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluid was the mixed source of atmospheric precipitation and basin brine, with the addition of organic water. The δ13 C values at the diagenetic stage range from-28. 4 ‰ to-24. 2‰, and during the reformation period the values range from-28. 5‰ to-23. 0‰, in agreement with the negative range characteristics of natural organic carbon δ~(13)C. Laser Raman probe composition analysis shows that the main components of the ore-forming fluid of the deposit during the diagenetic period and reformation period were mainly CH_4, H_2S and H_2O. It is shown that the organic matter in the oilfield brine was involved in the metallogenic process during the diagenetic period and the reformation period, and played an important role of reduction in the ore-forming process of the Jiashi copper deposit. This study shows that organic matter was closely related to the mineralization of the Jiashi copper deposit, which was a sedimentation-reformation type sandstone copper deposit in which the oilfield brine took part in the mineralization.
The Jiashi copper deposit is a typical representative of sandstone-type copper deposits in the Keping basin. Many geologists have studied its genesis, but have no detailed geochemical evidence. According to research findings of this paper, the metallogenic period of the deposit can be divided into diagenetic metallogenic period and reformation metallogenic period, with the former being the main stage. In this paper, the relationship between the ore-forming fluids evolution and mineralization was investigated by means of microthermometry, composition analysis, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon and sulfur isotopes of fluid inclusions in the two metallogenic periods of the deposit. According to the results obtained, the ore-forming fluids in the diagenetic period had the homogeneous temperature 131 ~ 206℃, salinity 0. 35% ~ 9. 86%, density 0. 90 ~ 0. 99 g/cm~3, and pressure 227 ~ 464 MPa; in the reformation period, the homogeneous temperature was 131 ~ 285℃, salinity was 0. 53% ~ 9. 34%, density was0. 78 ~ 1. 00 g/cm3, and pressure was 231 ~ 448 MPa. The ore-forming fluid was of medium low-temperature, medium-pressure, low-salinity and medium density type, and it had typical characteristics of underground hot brine.The δ~(34)S values range from-34. 5 ‰ to-22. 7 ‰, indicating that the sulfur of the deposit was mainly derived from sulfate bacteria reduction and organic matter reduction. The δD values of inclusions of diagenetic period are-105. 4‰ ~-79. 2‰, δ~(18)O_(H_2O) are-3. 13‰ ~ 0. 87‰; in the reformation period the δD values are-108. 5‰~-81. 3‰, and δ~(18)O_(H_2O) are-4. 21‰ ~ 4. 04‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluid was the mixed source of atmospheric precipitation and basin brine, with the addition of organic water. The δ13 C values at the diagenetic stage range from-28. 4 ‰ to-24. 2‰, and during the reformation period the values range from-28. 5‰ to-23. 0‰, in agreement with the negative range characteristics of natural organic carbon δ~(13)C. Laser Raman probe composition analysis shows that the main components of the ore-forming fluid of the deposit during the diagenetic period and reformation period were mainly CH_4, H_2S and H_2O. It is shown that the organic matter in the oilfield brine was involved in the metallogenic process during the diagenetic period and the reformation period, and played an important role of reduction in the ore-forming process of the Jiashi copper deposit. This study shows that organic matter was closely related to the mineralization of the Jiashi copper deposit, which was a sedimentation-reformation type sandstone copper deposit in which the oilfield brine took part in the mineralization.
引文
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Liu Zengren,Chen Zhengle,Han Fengbin,et al.2010.The relationship between oil-gas reduction and mineralization of Wulagen lead-zinc deposit in Kashi,Xinjiang[J].Mineral Deposits,29:1 049~1 050(in Chinese).
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