唐山及周边地区中小地震重定位及其构造特征
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摘要
采用双差定位法对唐山及周边地区2009年1月至2015年10月发生的4 115个中小地震进行了重新定位,改进了初始定位精度,得到了更加准确的3 466个地震事件的震源位置信息,并对比分析了重定位后的地震与活动断裂的关系。结果显示:(1)研究区内地震主要集中在华北平原北部,并且以研究区东部的唐山震源区最为集中,从水平方向来看,小震事件更加集中于断裂带附近,呈现出较好的条带状分布特征,从地震震源深度来看,地震主要集中分布在5~15km深度范围内,且不同地震带区的小震震源深度分布特征存在差异;(2)张渤地震带小震主要发生在中上地壳,而渤海海域地震带的小震发震层为上地壳;(3)张渤地震带的小震震源深度由西向东呈现出逐渐变浅的趋势,且唐山断裂带东侧存在一个NE走向、倾角较陡的小震活动带。
In this study,we relocated 4 115 earthquakes occurred during January 2009 to October 2015 in Tanshan and its adjunct area using the double-difference methods,analyzed the relationship between the distribution of earthquakes and the active faults.The results show that the earthquakes mainly concentrate in the northern of the North China plain and most intensively focused on Tangshan seismic region.Earthquakes epicenters concentrated along faults and presented the characteristics of banding distribution.Most of the depth of earthquake source distributed between 5and 15 kilometers with the variant depth distribution feature to different seismic belt.The earthquake seismogenic layer is middle-upper crust in Zhangjiakou-bohai seismic belt,while it is upper crust in Bohai sea seismic belt.The earthquake source depth of Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic belt showed the trend of gradually becomes shallow from west to east,and there is a small earthquake activity belt in north east direction and steep dip angle on the east side of Tangshan fault belt.
In this study,we relocated 4 115 earthquakes occurred during January 2009 to October 2015 in Tanshan and its adjunct area using the double-difference methods,analyzed the relationship between the distribution of earthquakes and the active faults.The results show that the earthquakes mainly concentrate in the northern of the North China plain and most intensively focused on Tangshan seismic region.Earthquakes epicenters concentrated along faults and presented the characteristics of banding distribution.Most of the depth of earthquake source distributed between 5and 15 kilometers with the variant depth distribution feature to different seismic belt.The earthquake seismogenic layer is middle-upper crust in Zhangjiakou-bohai seismic belt,while it is upper crust in Bohai sea seismic belt.The earthquake source depth of Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic belt showed the trend of gradually becomes shallow from west to east,and there is a small earthquake activity belt in north east direction and steep dip angle on the east side of Tangshan fault belt.
引文
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[13]李乐,陈棋福,陈颙.首都圈地震活动构造成因的小震精定位分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):24-34.
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[15]于湘伟,陈运泰,张怀.京津唐地区中小地震重新定位[J].地震学报,2010,32(3):257-269.
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[17]Cai C,Yu C Q,Tao K,et al.Spatial distribution and focal mechanism solutions of the Wenchuan earthquake series:results and implications[J].Earthquake Science,2011,24(1):115-125.
[18]张广伟,雷建设,谢富仁,等.华北地区小震精定位及构造意义[J].地震学报,2011,33(6):699-714.
[19]吕鹏,丁志峰,朱露培.结合波形互相关的双差定位方法在2008年汶川地震余震序列中的应用[J].地震学报,2011,33(4):407-419.
[20]胡幸平,崔效锋.华北地区中部地震精定位与构造应力场研究[J].震灾防御技术,2013,8(4):351-360.
[21]万永革,沈正康,刁桂苓,等.利用小震分布和区域应力场确定大震断层面参数方法及其在唐山地震序列中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):793-804.
[22]Schaff D P,Bokelmann G H R,Ellsworth W L,et al.Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(2):705-721.
[23]Schaff D P,Waldhauser F.Waveform cross-correlation-based differential travel-time measurements at the northern California seismic network[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2005,95(6):2446-2461.
[24]Shearer P,Hauksson E,Lin G Q.Southern California hypocenter relocation with waveform cross-correlation,Part 2:results using source-specific station terms and cluster analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2005,95(3):904-915.
[25]Waldhauser F.hypoDD:aprogram to compute double-difference hypocenter locations[R].U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-113,2001:25.
[26]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁,等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.031.
[27]Crotwell H P,Owens T J,Ritsema J.The TauP toolkit:flexible seismic travel-time and ray-path utilities[J].Seismological Research Letters,1999,70(2):154-160.
[28]刘亢,曲国胜,房立华,等.唐山古冶、滦县地区中小地震活动与构造关系研究[J].地震,2015,35(2):111-120.
[29]祝治平,张先康,张建狮,等.北京—怀来—丰镇剖面地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(5):499-505.
[30]徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[31]陈国光,徐杰,马宗晋,等.渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动[J].地震学报,2004,26(4):396-403.
[32]王明格,李昌存.河北平原主要断裂及其分布、活动特征[J].河北理工学院学报,2005,27(1):113-118.
[33]崔效锋,谢富仁.1976年唐山地震前后华北地区现代构造应力场的时空变化特征[J].中国地震,2001,17(3):280-288.
[34]黄骥超,万永革.利用小震与强震震源机制解反演首都圈现今构造应力场[J].地震,2015,35(1):17-27.
[35]李瑞莎,崔效锋,刁桂苓,等.华北北部地区现今应力场时空变化特征研究[J].地震学报,2008,30(6):570-580.
[36]刘保金,曲国胜,孙铭心,等.唐山地震区地壳结构和构造:深地震反射剖面结果[J].地震地质,2011,33(4):901-912.
[2]臧绍先,吴忠良,宁杰远,等.中国周边板块的相互作用及其对中国应力场的影响——(Ⅱ)印度板块的影响[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(4):428-440.
[3]臧绍先,宁杰远.西太平洋俯冲带的研究及其动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(2):188-202.
[4]冯向东,魏东平,陈棋福.基于观测应力场的大华北地区动力学机制探讨[J].地震学报,2005,27(1):1-10.
[5]谢富仁,崔效锋.中国及邻区现代构造应力场图[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2015.
[6]顾功叙.中国地震目录(公元前1831年—公元1969年)[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[7]中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录(公元1912年—1990年MS≥4.7)[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.
[8]谢毓寿,蔡美彪.中国地震历史资料汇编(第四卷上)[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[9]Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:method and application to the northern Hayward Fault,California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2000,90(6):1353-1368.
[10]Fang L H,Wu J P,Liu J,et al.Preliminary report on the 22November 2014 MW6.1/MS6.3Kangding earthquake,Western Sichuan,China[J].Seismological Research Letters,2015,86(6):1603-1613.
[11]Fang L H,Wu J P,Wang W L,et al.Aftershock observation and analysis of the 2013 MS7.0Lushan earthquake[J].Seismological Research Letters,2015,86(4):1135-1142.
[12]朱艾斓,徐锡伟,周永胜,等.川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):629-636.
[13]李乐,陈棋福,陈颙.首都圈地震活动构造成因的小震精定位分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):24-34.
[14]黄媛,吴建平,张天中,等.汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10):1250-1257.
[15]于湘伟,陈运泰,张怀.京津唐地区中小地震重新定位[J].地震学报,2010,32(3):257-269.
[16]于湘伟,张怀,陈运泰.华北地区地震重新定位结果分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(2):29-33.
[17]Cai C,Yu C Q,Tao K,et al.Spatial distribution and focal mechanism solutions of the Wenchuan earthquake series:results and implications[J].Earthquake Science,2011,24(1):115-125.
[18]张广伟,雷建设,谢富仁,等.华北地区小震精定位及构造意义[J].地震学报,2011,33(6):699-714.
[19]吕鹏,丁志峰,朱露培.结合波形互相关的双差定位方法在2008年汶川地震余震序列中的应用[J].地震学报,2011,33(4):407-419.
[20]胡幸平,崔效锋.华北地区中部地震精定位与构造应力场研究[J].震灾防御技术,2013,8(4):351-360.
[21]万永革,沈正康,刁桂苓,等.利用小震分布和区域应力场确定大震断层面参数方法及其在唐山地震序列中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):793-804.
[22]Schaff D P,Bokelmann G H R,Ellsworth W L,et al.Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(2):705-721.
[23]Schaff D P,Waldhauser F.Waveform cross-correlation-based differential travel-time measurements at the northern California seismic network[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2005,95(6):2446-2461.
[24]Shearer P,Hauksson E,Lin G Q.Southern California hypocenter relocation with waveform cross-correlation,Part 2:results using source-specific station terms and cluster analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2005,95(3):904-915.
[25]Waldhauser F.hypoDD:aprogram to compute double-difference hypocenter locations[R].U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-113,2001:25.
[26]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁,等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.031.
[27]Crotwell H P,Owens T J,Ritsema J.The TauP toolkit:flexible seismic travel-time and ray-path utilities[J].Seismological Research Letters,1999,70(2):154-160.
[28]刘亢,曲国胜,房立华,等.唐山古冶、滦县地区中小地震活动与构造关系研究[J].地震,2015,35(2):111-120.
[29]祝治平,张先康,张建狮,等.北京—怀来—丰镇剖面地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(5):499-505.
[30]徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[31]陈国光,徐杰,马宗晋,等.渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动[J].地震学报,2004,26(4):396-403.
[32]王明格,李昌存.河北平原主要断裂及其分布、活动特征[J].河北理工学院学报,2005,27(1):113-118.
[33]崔效锋,谢富仁.1976年唐山地震前后华北地区现代构造应力场的时空变化特征[J].中国地震,2001,17(3):280-288.
[34]黄骥超,万永革.利用小震与强震震源机制解反演首都圈现今构造应力场[J].地震,2015,35(1):17-27.
[35]李瑞莎,崔效锋,刁桂苓,等.华北北部地区现今应力场时空变化特征研究[J].地震学报,2008,30(6):570-580.
[36]刘保金,曲国胜,孙铭心,等.唐山地震区地壳结构和构造:深地震反射剖面结果[J].地震地质,2011,33(4):901-912.