青海省海北藏族自治州鼠疫耶尔森菌病原学分析及流行病学意义
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摘要
目的探讨青海省海北藏族自治州(海北州)鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)病原学特征及流行病学意义,为该地区的鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法对1956-2011年间青海省海北州祁连、门源、海晏、刚察4县中分离的104株鼠疫菌进行生化糖醇类试验、毒力因子检测、毒力判定、质粒分析及细菌差异区段(DFR)分型等研究。结果根据生化分型指标,104株菌株中有73株为青藏高原型,25株为祁连山型,6株与青海省鼠疫自然疫源地生态型不一致,所有菌株均携带分子质量为6×10~6、45×10~6、52×10~6的质粒,74.04%(77/104)的鼠疫菌含有4个毒力因子,98.51%(66/67)的鼠疫菌为强毒株。DFR分型有6个基因组型,其中8型有75株,44型20株,5型6株,6型、7型和11型各1株。结论青海省海北州分离的鼠疫菌具备青藏高原鼠疫病原体特性,生态类型复杂,鼠疫菌毒力强,需加强该地区鼠疫的监测、防控和宣传力度。
Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics and epidemiological significance of Yersinia pestis strains in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in this area. Methods Carbohydrate fermentation test, virulence factor detection, virulence determination, plasmid analysis, and different region(DFR) analysis were performed on a total of 104 Y. pestis strains isolated from Qilian, Menyuan, Haiyan, and Gangcha in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 1956 to 2011.Results According to the biochemical typing, 73 of the 104 strains tested were classified as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecotype, 25 as the Qilian Mountain ecotype, and 6 as the ecotypes different from those in the natural plague foci of Qinghai province. Plasmids with molecular weights of 6 × 10~6, 45 × 10~6, and 52 × 10~6 were found in all of the strains. Seventy-seven(74.04%) of the 104 strains contained four virulence factors, and 98.51%(66/67) were velogenic strains. According to the DFR analysis, six genomovars were found: genomovar 8(75 strains), genomovar 44(20 strains), genomovar 5(6 strains),genomovar 6(1 strain), genomovar 7(1 strain), and genomovar 11(1 strain). Conclusion The Y. pestis strains isolated in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province have the specific characteristics of Y. pestis strains in QinghaiTibet plateau, with complex ecotypes and strong virulence. Monitoring, prevention, and control of plague, as well as dissemination of relative knowledge, should be strengthened in this area.
Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics and epidemiological significance of Yersinia pestis strains in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in this area. Methods Carbohydrate fermentation test, virulence factor detection, virulence determination, plasmid analysis, and different region(DFR) analysis were performed on a total of 104 Y. pestis strains isolated from Qilian, Menyuan, Haiyan, and Gangcha in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 1956 to 2011.Results According to the biochemical typing, 73 of the 104 strains tested were classified as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecotype, 25 as the Qilian Mountain ecotype, and 6 as the ecotypes different from those in the natural plague foci of Qinghai province. Plasmids with molecular weights of 6 × 10~6, 45 × 10~6, and 52 × 10~6 were found in all of the strains. Seventy-seven(74.04%) of the 104 strains contained four virulence factors, and 98.51%(66/67) were velogenic strains. According to the DFR analysis, six genomovars were found: genomovar 8(75 strains), genomovar 44(20 strains), genomovar 5(6 strains),genomovar 6(1 strain), genomovar 7(1 strain), and genomovar 11(1 strain). Conclusion The Y. pestis strains isolated in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province have the specific characteristics of Y. pestis strains in QinghaiTibet plateau, with complex ecotypes and strong virulence. Monitoring, prevention, and control of plague, as well as dissemination of relative knowledge, should be strengthened in this area.
引文
[1]王梅,唐新元,王祖郧,等.青海省鼠疫疫源地分布特征的研究[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(2):194-195.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.02.023.
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[3]杨晓艳,靳娟,何建,等.祁连县1958-2014年鼠疫流行病学分析[J].医学动物防制,2016,32(8):827-828,831.
[4]祁芝珍,罗志丹巴,段勇军,等.四川省德格县2株疑似喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫菌株的鉴定[J].中国地方病学杂志,2009,28(1):48-53. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-4955.2009.01.013.
[5]李敏,于晓涛,金丽霞,等.我国鼠疫菌大质粒的特性及其流行病学意义[J].中国地方病学杂志,1994,13(4):223-225.
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[7]杨晓艳,魏柏青,靳娟,等.中国鼠疫耶尔森菌差异区段分型及其地理分布特征[J].中华流行病学杂志,2014,35(8):943-948. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2014.08.015.
[8]祁芝珍,李超,王丽,等.青海省三江源地区鼠疫病原学分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2009,30(1):55-57. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2009.01.016.
[9]李梅玉,王国钧,于守鸿,等.原发性肺鼠疫肺水肿肺大泡1例报告[J].中华地方病学杂志,2011,30(3):322. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-4955.2011.03.025.
[10]崔百忠. 2001-2011年青海省人间鼠疫流行病学分析[J].中华地方病学杂志,2013,32(5):520-522. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2013.05.013.
[11]戴瑞霞,杨永海,于守鸿,等. 2004年青海省人间鼠疫菌生物学特性及流行病学分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,2006,25(2):216. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-4955.2006.02.040.
[12]陈洪舰,王虎,王祖郧.青海省青藏铁路沿线鼠疫防治思考[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(2):150-152.
[13]张涛,冯志勇.鼠疫研究与控制措施[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2008,19(5):490-492. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2008.05.044.
[14]赵忠智,魏荣杰,张爱萍,等.青海省海南州2007-2012年鼠疫流行监测分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(6):569-571. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.06.023.
[2]魏绍振,焦巴太,于守鸿.小儿败血型鼠疫1例报道[J].中国地方病学杂志,2006,25(5):477. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-4955.2006.05.034.
[3]杨晓艳,靳娟,何建,等.祁连县1958-2014年鼠疫流行病学分析[J].医学动物防制,2016,32(8):827-828,831.
[4]祁芝珍,罗志丹巴,段勇军,等.四川省德格县2株疑似喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫菌株的鉴定[J].中国地方病学杂志,2009,28(1):48-53. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-4955.2009.01.013.
[5]李敏,于晓涛,金丽霞,等.我国鼠疫菌大质粒的特性及其流行病学意义[J].中国地方病学杂志,1994,13(4):223-225.
[6] Li YJ,Dai EH,Cui YJ,et al. Different region analysis for genotyping Yersinia pestis isolates from China[J]. PLoS One,2008,3(5):e2166. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0002166.
[7]杨晓艳,魏柏青,靳娟,等.中国鼠疫耶尔森菌差异区段分型及其地理分布特征[J].中华流行病学杂志,2014,35(8):943-948. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2014.08.015.
[8]祁芝珍,李超,王丽,等.青海省三江源地区鼠疫病原学分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2009,30(1):55-57. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2009.01.016.
[9]李梅玉,王国钧,于守鸿,等.原发性肺鼠疫肺水肿肺大泡1例报告[J].中华地方病学杂志,2011,30(3):322. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-4955.2011.03.025.
[10]崔百忠. 2001-2011年青海省人间鼠疫流行病学分析[J].中华地方病学杂志,2013,32(5):520-522. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2013.05.013.
[11]戴瑞霞,杨永海,于守鸿,等. 2004年青海省人间鼠疫菌生物学特性及流行病学分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,2006,25(2):216. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-4955.2006.02.040.
[12]陈洪舰,王虎,王祖郧.青海省青藏铁路沿线鼠疫防治思考[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(2):150-152.
[13]张涛,冯志勇.鼠疫研究与控制措施[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2008,19(5):490-492. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2008.05.044.
[14]赵忠智,魏荣杰,张爱萍,等.青海省海南州2007-2012年鼠疫流行监测分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(6):569-571. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.06.023.