土壤水分对贵州小叶苦丁茶产量及品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】贵州小叶苦丁茶具有较高的经济价值,探究其产量以及品质对不同土壤水分的响应特征,找出适宜贵州小叶苦丁茶植株(粗壮女贞)生长的土壤水分范围,为丰富贵州小叶苦丁茶的优质丰产体系提供参考。【方法】以3年生贵州小叶苦丁茶植株(粗壮女贞)实生苗为试验材料,采用盆栽控水的方法,设置6个土壤水分梯度,研究不同土壤含水量对贵州小叶苦丁茶叶片形态及叶片中主要化学成分的影响。【结果】(1)叶片指标包括叶片数、单叶面积、叶长与叶宽,茶产量指标包括单株发芽数、芽质量、一叶两芽质量、一叶四芽质量均在土壤相对含水率为85%时达到最高,各指标在70%～100%的含水率处理间并无差异。(2)植株死亡率随着土壤含水率降低而升高。(3)可溶性糖、水浸出物、茶多酚、游离氨基酸、总黄酮、茶皂素含量随着土壤相对含水率减小均呈先升高后降低趋势,土壤相对含水率≤55%时,可溶性糖、茶多酚、游离氨基酸、总黄酮、茶皂素含量均降低。【结论】适宜贵州小叶苦丁茶植株(粗壮女贞)栽培且获得最佳产量和品质的土壤相对含水率范围为70%～85%。
【Objective】Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea( Ligustrum robustum) originates from the fresh leaves of Ligustrum robustum( Rxob.) Blume,which has been one of the major substitute tea drinks in our country. At present,the development of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea as a health beverage has been very extensive. Therefore,Guizhou smallleaved Kuding tea is recognized as being of high economical value and developmental prospect. Soil moisture is the main source of plant physiological and ecological water supply. Soil moisture content and change have a direct impact on plant growth,development and yield. Therefore,the appropriate range of soil moisture is of great significance to the improvement of yield and quality of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea. The purpose of this research was to determine yield and quality corresponding to different soil moisture levels and the soil moisture range that is optimal for the yield and growth of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea. 【Method 】 Three-year-old L. robustum seedlings were grown as experimental material using the potted water control method. The experimental seedlings were subjected to six water gradients for an experimental period of 90 days. At the end of treatment,the light green leaf buds of L. robustum were selected for quality indicator determination( i.e.,soluble sugar,flavonoids,tea polyphenols,free amino acids,water extracts and tea saponin). The bud leaf was selected for yield indicator determination( i.e.,leaf area,length and width). Leaf area per plant was determined with the scanning method. Yield indicators measurements followed the method of graded picking to explore the effects of different soil moisture content on leaf morphology and the main chemical components of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea. 【Result】(1) Leaf indexes( i.e.,leaf number,single leaf area,leaf length and leaf width) and tea production indexes( i.e.,germination number per plant,bud weight,weight of 1 leaf with 2 buds,and weight of 1 leaf with 4 buds) were the highest when the relative soil moisture content was 85%,whereas no significant differences were observed among indexes in the 70%-100% soil moisture content treatment range. Mortality rates increased with decreasing moisture content. Concentrations of soluble sugars,water extract,tea polyphenols,free amino acids,total flavonoids and tea saponin all increased at first and then decreased with decreasing relative soil moisture content. Concentrations of soluble sugars,tea polyphenols,free amino acids,total flavonoids,and tea saponin all decreased when the relative moisture content of the soil was less than 55%. 【Conclusion】When the relative water content of the soil remained stable in the range of 70%-85%,the contents of amino acids,tea polyphenols,soluble sugars,flavonoids,and tea saponin,which reflect the quality of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea,increased significantly,and the yield and germination ability followed the same trend. However,the plants of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea suffered water stress( when relative water content of soil was low) at 40%,and the physiological functions of leaves were seriously inhibited.This led to a decrease in the quality and yield of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea,which was not conducive to its growth. The above shows that in the production practice,it is of great significance to keep the soil moisture in a suitable range through rational irrigation and water supply to obtain high yield and quality of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea.Therefore,to obtain the best yield and quality,and considering effective use of water,70%-85% relative soil water content,i.e.,28. 4%-34. 5% soil water content should be used as the water supply range for cultivation of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea.
【Objective】Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea( Ligustrum robustum) originates from the fresh leaves of Ligustrum robustum( Rxob.) Blume,which has been one of the major substitute tea drinks in our country. At present,the development of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea as a health beverage has been very extensive. Therefore,Guizhou smallleaved Kuding tea is recognized as being of high economical value and developmental prospect. Soil moisture is the main source of plant physiological and ecological water supply. Soil moisture content and change have a direct impact on plant growth,development and yield. Therefore,the appropriate range of soil moisture is of great significance to the improvement of yield and quality of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea. The purpose of this research was to determine yield and quality corresponding to different soil moisture levels and the soil moisture range that is optimal for the yield and growth of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea. 【Method 】 Three-year-old L. robustum seedlings were grown as experimental material using the potted water control method. The experimental seedlings were subjected to six water gradients for an experimental period of 90 days. At the end of treatment,the light green leaf buds of L. robustum were selected for quality indicator determination( i.e.,soluble sugar,flavonoids,tea polyphenols,free amino acids,water extracts and tea saponin). The bud leaf was selected for yield indicator determination( i.e.,leaf area,length and width). Leaf area per plant was determined with the scanning method. Yield indicators measurements followed the method of graded picking to explore the effects of different soil moisture content on leaf morphology and the main chemical components of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea. 【Result】(1) Leaf indexes( i.e.,leaf number,single leaf area,leaf length and leaf width) and tea production indexes( i.e.,germination number per plant,bud weight,weight of 1 leaf with 2 buds,and weight of 1 leaf with 4 buds) were the highest when the relative soil moisture content was 85%,whereas no significant differences were observed among indexes in the 70%-100% soil moisture content treatment range. Mortality rates increased with decreasing moisture content. Concentrations of soluble sugars,water extract,tea polyphenols,free amino acids,total flavonoids and tea saponin all increased at first and then decreased with decreasing relative soil moisture content. Concentrations of soluble sugars,tea polyphenols,free amino acids,total flavonoids,and tea saponin all decreased when the relative moisture content of the soil was less than 55%. 【Conclusion】When the relative water content of the soil remained stable in the range of 70%-85%,the contents of amino acids,tea polyphenols,soluble sugars,flavonoids,and tea saponin,which reflect the quality of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea,increased significantly,and the yield and germination ability followed the same trend. However,the plants of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea suffered water stress( when relative water content of soil was low) at 40%,and the physiological functions of leaves were seriously inhibited.This led to a decrease in the quality and yield of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea,which was not conducive to its growth. The above shows that in the production practice,it is of great significance to keep the soil moisture in a suitable range through rational irrigation and water supply to obtain high yield and quality of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea.Therefore,to obtain the best yield and quality,and considering effective use of water,70%-85% relative soil water content,i.e.,28. 4%-34. 5% soil water content should be used as the water supply range for cultivation of Guizhou small-leaved Kuding tea.
引文
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[2]叶倩,左浩江,廖虹瑜,等.粗壮女贞提取物的体外抑菌作用研究[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(7):1320-1322.YE Q,ZUO H J,LIAO H Y,et al. Study on in vitro antimicrobial activity of L. purpurascens Y. C. Yang[J]. Modern prevebtive medicine. 2013,40(7):1320-1322.
[3]FAN Y,ZHAO X L,YONG P,et al. Genus Ilex L.phytochemistry,ethnopharmacology,and pharmacology[J]. Chinese Herbal Medicines,2016,8(3):209-230. DOI:10. 1016/s1674-6384(16)60044-8.
[4]黄宇声,刘冠萍,张栩颜,等.粗壮女贞水提取物对急性高脂血症小鼠血脂的干预作用[J].亚太传统医药,2012,8(6):13-14.HUANG Y S,LIU G P,ZHANG X Y,et al. Intervention effect of Ligustrum robustum water extract on blood lipid in acute hyperlipidemia mice Asia-pacific[J] Traditional Medicine,2012,8(6):13-14.
[5]SUR P,CHAUDHURI T,VEDASIROMONI J R,et al. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant property of saponins of tea Camellia sinensis(L)O. Kuntze root extract[J]. Phytotherapy Research,2001,15(2):174-176. DOI:10.1002/ptr.696.
[6]徐学君,张秀芳,徐德琴,等.黄酮类化合物调节血脂作用的研究进展[J].中国药房,2016,27(1):114-117. DOI:10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2016.01.37.XU X J,ZHANG X F,XU D Q,et al. Research progress on the effect of flavonoids in regulating blood lipid[J]. China Pharmacy,2016,27(1):114-117.
[7]张永田.苦丁茶的原植物[J].植物分类学报,1994,32(1):100-102.ZHANG Y T. Which of origin of‘Kudingcha’is really[J]. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,1994,32(1):100-102.
[8]杨礼旦,王安文.粗壮女贞繁殖与栽培技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):181-182.YANG L D,WANG A W. The breeding and cultiv ating techniques of Ligustrum robustum[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(3):181-182.
[9]邱以祥.中国苦丁茶资源及其开发利用[J].自然资源,1997(4):65-70.QIU Y X. The resource of Kudingcha in China and its development and utilization[J]. Natural Resources,1997(4):65-70.
[10]姚立,杨礼旦,唐望远.粗壮女贞的生物量研究[J].贵州林业科技,2004,32(1):27-30.YAO L,YANG L D,TANG W Y. Study on biomass of Ligustrum lucidum[J]. Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology,2004,32(1):27-30.
[11]张倩茹,娄方明,王强,等.贵州不同产地女贞属苦丁茶挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析[J].中国药房,2012,23(31):2937-2941. DOI:10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2012.31.22.ZHANG Q R,LOU F M,WANG Q,et al. Analysis of chemical constituents of volatile oil from Ligustrum Kudingcha in different producing areas of Guizhou Province by GC-MS[J]. China Pharmacy,2012,23(31):2937-2941.
[12]童华荣,高爱红,袁海波,等.女贞苦丁茶挥发油成分分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2004,13(1):53-55. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7895.2004.01.012.TONG H R,GAO A H,YUAN H B,et al. Volatile oils of Kudingcha from Ligustrum henryi and L. robustrum[J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2004,13(1):53-55.
[13]闫小莉,王德炉.遮荫对苦丁茶树叶片特征及光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(13):3538-3547. DOI:10. 5846/stxb201306241761.YAN X L,WANG D L. Effects of shading on the leaves and photosynthetic characteristics of Ligustrum robustum[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(13):3538-3547.
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