经史批判与祝允明复古文风的学术向度
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摘要
祝允明以系统而犀利的经史批判建立起自身的学术架构。他视儒家元典及汉唐注疏为建立"儒体"的根本,正史是"儒用"的基础,诸子文集则可扩展学识才艺。他注重学术穷理应事、明辨是非的根本性价值,标举"学坏于宋"论,质疑四书独立存在的学术意义。祝允明采用学术批判先行的方式展开对汉唐宋元文学价值的褒贬:推尊汉唐文风以肯定汉唐经学为基础。上述经史批判思想赋予祝允明复古文风以鲜明的学术内蕴。
Zhu Yunming's academic systems had the distinctive features of Confucian-historical criticism. He believed that Confucian classics and their annotations from the Han to the Tang Dynasties were the foundation of his Confucian ontology,that the official histories were Confucian applications,and that various schools of thought and their expontents could enhance his arty talents and widen his perspective of knowledge. He advocatied wide range of studies and emphasized that the fundamental value of academic is to distinguish between truth and falsehood. He insisted the theory that "academic died in the Song Dynasty"and questioned the academic significance of The Four Books.Zhu Yunming praised and criticized the literary value from the Han Tang to the Song Yuan Dynasties in the leading way of academi cvriticism. He had a high regard for the writing style of the Han and Tang Dynasties to regard the study of Confucian classics of the Han and Tang Dynasties as the basis. The critical thinking of classical,historical and philosophical works gave Zhu Yunming the distinct connotation of his retro style of writing.
Zhu Yunming's academic systems had the distinctive features of Confucian-historical criticism. He believed that Confucian classics and their annotations from the Han to the Tang Dynasties were the foundation of his Confucian ontology,that the official histories were Confucian applications,and that various schools of thought and their expontents could enhance his arty talents and widen his perspective of knowledge. He advocatied wide range of studies and emphasized that the fundamental value of academic is to distinguish between truth and falsehood. He insisted the theory that "academic died in the Song Dynasty"and questioned the academic significance of The Four Books.Zhu Yunming praised and criticized the literary value from the Han Tang to the Song Yuan Dynasties in the leading way of academi cvriticism. He had a high regard for the writing style of the Han and Tang Dynasties to regard the study of Confucian classics of the Han and Tang Dynasties as the basis. The critical thinking of classical,historical and philosophical works gave Zhu Yunming the distinct connotation of his retro style of writing.
引文
[1][明]祝允明.祝氏集略[G]//祝氏诗文集.台湾:国立中央图书馆,1971.
[2][明]文徵明,著.周道振,辑校.文徵明集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[3][清]黄宗羲.明文海[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[4][明]王世贞.弇州四部稿续稿[G]//景印文渊阁四库全书(第1284册).台湾:商务印书馆.1986.
[5][明]钱榖.吴都文粹续集[G]//景印文渊阁四库全书(第1386册).台湾:商务印书馆.1986.
[6][清]张夏.雒闽源流录[G]//四库全书存目丛书(史部第123册).济南:齐鲁书社,1995.
[7][清]张廷玉,等.明史[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[8][宋]程颢,程颐,撰.潘富恩导读.二程遗书[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2000.
[9]暴鸿昌.论明中期才士的傲诞之习[J].求是学刊,1993(2):102-106.
[10]王心湛.祝枝山诗文集[M].上海:广益书局,1936.
[11][明]王夫之.明诗评选[G]//船山全书(第14册).长沙:岳麓书社,2011.
[12][明]陆深.俨山集[G]//景印文渊阁四库全书(第1268册).台湾:商务印书馆.1986.
[13][明]黄汝亨.寓林集[G]//续修四库全书(集部第1369册).上海:上海古籍出版社.2002.
[14][明]丘濬,撰.林冠群,周济夫,点校.大学衍义补[M].北京:京华出版社,1999.
[15][明]祝允明.祝子罪知录[G]//四库存目丛书.子部(第83册).济南:齐鲁书社,1995.
[16]周明初,叶晔.全明词补编[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2007.
[17][明]张瀚,撰.盛冬铃,点校.松窗梦语[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[18][明]陆粲.陆子余集[G]//景印文渊阁四库全书(第1274册).台湾:商务印书馆.1986.
[19][明]顾起元,著.陈稼禾,点校.客座赘语[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[20][明]祝允明.志怪录自序[G]//四库存目丛书.子部(第246册).济南:齐鲁书社,1995.
[21][明]毛文烨.野记序.[G]//四库存目丛书.子部(第240册).济南:齐鲁书社,1995.
[22][明]王世贞.弇州四部稿[G]//明代论著丛刊.台湾:伟文图书出版社,1976.
[23]龚鹏程.唐朝中叶的文人经说[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2006(1):16-27.
[24]雍文华.罗隐集[M].北京:中华书局,1983.
[25][唐]李肇.唐国史补[M]上海:上海古籍出版社,1979.
[26][明]王世贞,著.罗仲鼎,校注.艺苑卮言校注[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1992.
[27][明]王锜,撰.张德信,点校.寓圃杂记[M].北京:中华书局,1984.
1 参见徐慧《明中期文学复古运动中的“别支”——祝允明六朝论与六朝文风》(《苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010年第5期)、史小军、李振松《祝枝山论李、杜》(《人文杂志》2006年第2期)等论述。
2 案,吕希哲师从王安石后,“遽弃科举,一意古学”,即是典型例证。事见[宋]李幼武纂集《宋名臣言行录外集》卷六“吕希哲”条,顺治十八年林云铭刊本,叶1b-2a。
[2][明]文徵明,著.周道振,辑校.文徵明集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[3][清]黄宗羲.明文海[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[4][明]王世贞.弇州四部稿续稿[G]//景印文渊阁四库全书(第1284册).台湾:商务印书馆.1986.
[5][明]钱榖.吴都文粹续集[G]//景印文渊阁四库全书(第1386册).台湾:商务印书馆.1986.
[6][清]张夏.雒闽源流录[G]//四库全书存目丛书(史部第123册).济南:齐鲁书社,1995.
[7][清]张廷玉,等.明史[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[8][宋]程颢,程颐,撰.潘富恩导读.二程遗书[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2000.
[9]暴鸿昌.论明中期才士的傲诞之习[J].求是学刊,1993(2):102-106.
[10]王心湛.祝枝山诗文集[M].上海:广益书局,1936.
[11][明]王夫之.明诗评选[G]//船山全书(第14册).长沙:岳麓书社,2011.
[12][明]陆深.俨山集[G]//景印文渊阁四库全书(第1268册).台湾:商务印书馆.1986.
[13][明]黄汝亨.寓林集[G]//续修四库全书(集部第1369册).上海:上海古籍出版社.2002.
[14][明]丘濬,撰.林冠群,周济夫,点校.大学衍义补[M].北京:京华出版社,1999.
[15][明]祝允明.祝子罪知录[G]//四库存目丛书.子部(第83册).济南:齐鲁书社,1995.
[16]周明初,叶晔.全明词补编[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2007.
[17][明]张瀚,撰.盛冬铃,点校.松窗梦语[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[18][明]陆粲.陆子余集[G]//景印文渊阁四库全书(第1274册).台湾:商务印书馆.1986.
[19][明]顾起元,著.陈稼禾,点校.客座赘语[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[20][明]祝允明.志怪录自序[G]//四库存目丛书.子部(第246册).济南:齐鲁书社,1995.
[21][明]毛文烨.野记序.[G]//四库存目丛书.子部(第240册).济南:齐鲁书社,1995.
[22][明]王世贞.弇州四部稿[G]//明代论著丛刊.台湾:伟文图书出版社,1976.
[23]龚鹏程.唐朝中叶的文人经说[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2006(1):16-27.
[24]雍文华.罗隐集[M].北京:中华书局,1983.
[25][唐]李肇.唐国史补[M]上海:上海古籍出版社,1979.
[26][明]王世贞,著.罗仲鼎,校注.艺苑卮言校注[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1992.
[27][明]王锜,撰.张德信,点校.寓圃杂记[M].北京:中华书局,1984.
1 参见徐慧《明中期文学复古运动中的“别支”——祝允明六朝论与六朝文风》(《苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010年第5期)、史小军、李振松《祝枝山论李、杜》(《人文杂志》2006年第2期)等论述。
2 案,吕希哲师从王安石后,“遽弃科举,一意古学”,即是典型例证。事见[宋]李幼武纂集《宋名臣言行录外集》卷六“吕希哲”条,顺治十八年林云铭刊本,叶1b-2a。