中部区域两次西南涡天气过程增雨潜力区分析
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摘要
西南涡天气降水是中部区域春、秋季飞机人工增雨最主要的三种作业天气类型之一。利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2008年4月8 9日和2009年4月18 19日两次典型西南涡降水天气过程对比分析发现,近圆形和椭圆形西南涡的动力场结构存在一定差异。对增雨条件分析发现:两次过程500 h Pa上都存在大气垂直上升运动,低层水汽条件良好;500 h Pa冰面过饱和水汽压正值区均在低涡形成并影响中部区域时开始出现,并随低涡移动发展。因此,选择500 h Pa冰面过饱和水汽压≥0 h Pa且垂直上升速度≤-0.1 Pa·s-1的区域作为增雨潜力区。其中,近圆形西南涡过程增雨潜力区出现在低涡中心前方附近和暖式切变线北侧、低涡闭合线处,椭圆形西南涡过程增雨潜力区位于辐合线北端及低涡闭合线东北方向一定距离处。
Southwest vortex weather precipitation is one of the three most important weather types in the aircraft precipitation enhancement in spring and autumn in central area. Using regular meteorological observation data and NCEP reanalysis data,comparing the two typical southwest vortex precipitation processes,which are on 8 9 April 2008 and 18 19 April 2009,differences are found in the structure of dynamic field between approximately round and oval southwest vortex. By analyzing precipitation enhancement conditions of the two processes,atmospheric vertical motions are found on 500 h Pa and sufficient water vapor on low level. Positive zone of icy supersaturation vapor pressure on 500 h Pa appears when the vortex forms and affects central area,it moves and develops with the vortex. The area where icy supersaturation vapor pressure≥0 h Pa and vertical velocity≤-0. 1 Pa·s-1 is selected as precipitation enhancement potential area. The precipitation enhancement potential area lives in front nearby of the center and the closed line of vortex,and the northern side of warm shear line when the vortex is approximately round,while the potential area is located on the northern part of convergence line and a certain distance from the northeastern direction of vortex closed line when the vortex is oval in shape.
Southwest vortex weather precipitation is one of the three most important weather types in the aircraft precipitation enhancement in spring and autumn in central area. Using regular meteorological observation data and NCEP reanalysis data,comparing the two typical southwest vortex precipitation processes,which are on 8 9 April 2008 and 18 19 April 2009,differences are found in the structure of dynamic field between approximately round and oval southwest vortex. By analyzing precipitation enhancement conditions of the two processes,atmospheric vertical motions are found on 500 h Pa and sufficient water vapor on low level. Positive zone of icy supersaturation vapor pressure on 500 h Pa appears when the vortex forms and affects central area,it moves and develops with the vortex. The area where icy supersaturation vapor pressure≥0 h Pa and vertical velocity≤-0. 1 Pa·s-1 is selected as precipitation enhancement potential area. The precipitation enhancement potential area lives in front nearby of the center and the closed line of vortex,and the northern side of warm shear line when the vortex is approximately round,while the potential area is located on the northern part of convergence line and a certain distance from the northeastern direction of vortex closed line when the vortex is oval in shape.
引文
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[3]刘晓波,储海.一次西南低涡东移引发长江中下游暴雨的诊断研究[J].气象,2015,41(7):825-832.
[4]屠妮妮,何光碧,陈静.冷暖空气入侵对西南低涡发生发展影响研究[J].高原山地气象研究,2012,32(2):10-19.
[5]刘红武,邓朝平,李国平,等.东移影响湖南的西南低涡统计分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(1):59-65.
[6]张雪慧,谢大勇,何斌,等.低涡东北部一次暴雨的成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(3):107-113.
[7]卢萍,李建,李英.重庆2次西南涡暴雨过程的类比分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(1):34-40.
[8]王新敏,宋自福,张霞,等.一次西南涡路径预报偏差分析及数值模拟[J].气象,2009,35(5):18-25.
[9]洪延超,周非非.层状云系人工增雨潜力评估研究[J].大气科学,2006,30(5):913-926.
[10]高茜,王广河,史月琴.华北层状云系人工增雨个例数值研究[J].气象,2011,37(10):1241-1251.
[11]贾烁,姚展予.江淮对流云人工增雨作业效果检验个例分析[J].气象,2016,42(2):238-245.
[12]李宏宇,王华,洪延超.锋面云系降水中的增雨潜力数值研究[J].大气科学,2006,30(2):341-350.
[13]翟菁,黄勇,胡雯,等.一次积层混合云降水过程增雨条件分析[J].气象,2010,36(11):59-67.
[14]黄毅梅,周毓荃,刘金华,等.人工增雨可播区域自动选择方法研究[J].气象,2008,34(7):108-113.
[15]石爱丽,郑国光,孙晶,等.河南省一次秋季层状云降水增雨潜力的观测和数值模拟分析[J].气象,2013,39(1):67-73.
[16]张启绍,芦阿咪,张一平.河南一次局地强降水过程的中尺度分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(1):74-81.
[17]侯凯,邢辰飞.沙澧河流域短时强降水特征和概念模型[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(4):92-98.
[18]王啸华,吴海英,唐红昇,等.2009年7月7日南京短时暴雨的中尺度特征分析[J].气象,2012,38(9):1060-1069.
[19]中国气象局科技发展司.人工影响天气岗位培训教材[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:47.
[20]盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003:150.
[21]刘公波,胡志晋.一种新的计算冰面饱和水汽压方法[J].气象,1994,20(1):24-26.
[22]廖菲,洪延超,郑国光,等.河南省一次冷锋降水过程的水汽分布特征及其增雨潜力[J].气候与环境研究,2007,12(4):553-565.
[23]郝为锋,沈春康.假相当位温的精确计算及其查算表[J].气象科学,1987,7(2):74-79.