发财树根腐尖孢镰刀病菌生物学特性的研究
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摘要
笔者对发财树根腐尖孢镰刀病菌进行了分离纯化并对其生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:尖孢镰刀病菌在各个温度下生长速度依次为27℃>24℃>30℃>33℃>36℃>40℃,生长率依次为:97.93%>95.48%>12.75%>4.93%>2.23%>1.48%,27℃为最适生长温度。含毒介质培养生长速率法对药剂的筛选试验表明:精甲咯菌腈在有效浓度为62.5 mg/L,稀释浓度1000倍时的抑制率最高,达80.87%,EC50为64.59 mg/L,用最小二乘法计算的药剂的毒力回归方程为:Y=4.351+0.359x;嘧菌酯在有效浓度为250 mg/L,稀释浓度1000倍时,抑制率较明显,为74.19%,EC50为78.17 mg/L,毒力回归方程为:Y=2.419+1.363x;甲基硫菌灵在有效浓度为700 mg/L,稀释浓度1000倍时,抑制率较明显,为85.80%,EC50为202.61 mg/L,毒力回归方程为:Y=0.575+1.919x。
The thesis aims to study the biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum,which is isolated and purified from Pachira macrocarpa.The results showed that the growth rate of F.oxysporum varied under),and the respective growth rate was:97.93%95.48%>12.75%>4.93%>2.23%>1.48%,and the optimum growth temperature for F.oxysporum was 27℃.Growth velocity mensuration containing poisonous medium culture was used to screen various fungicides that could inhibit the growth of F.oxysporum.The results showed that:the fludioxonil reached the highest inhibitory rate(80.87%)attheeffectiveconcentrationof62.5 mg/Lunder1000 timesdilution,andEC50 valuewas64.59 mg/L.The chemical toxicity regression was Y=4.351+0.359 x calculated using the least square method.Azoxystrobin at the effective concentration of 250 mg/L under 1000 dilution,reached the highest inhibitory rate of 74.19%,and the EC50 value was 78.17 mg/L.The virulence regression equation was:Y=2.419+1.363 x.Thiophonatemethyl inhibited the pathogen most effectively(85.80%) at the concentration of 700 mg/L under 1000 times dilution,the EC50 value was 202.61 mg/L and toxicity regression equation was Y=0.575+1.919 x.
The thesis aims to study the biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum,which is isolated and purified from Pachira macrocarpa.The results showed that the growth rate of F.oxysporum varied under),and the respective growth rate was:97.93%95.48%>12.75%>4.93%>2.23%>1.48%,and the optimum growth temperature for F.oxysporum was 27℃.Growth velocity mensuration containing poisonous medium culture was used to screen various fungicides that could inhibit the growth of F.oxysporum.The results showed that:the fludioxonil reached the highest inhibitory rate(80.87%)attheeffectiveconcentrationof62.5 mg/Lunder1000 timesdilution,andEC50 valuewas64.59 mg/L.The chemical toxicity regression was Y=4.351+0.359 x calculated using the least square method.Azoxystrobin at the effective concentration of 250 mg/L under 1000 dilution,reached the highest inhibitory rate of 74.19%,and the EC50 value was 78.17 mg/L.The virulence regression equation was:Y=2.419+1.363 x.Thiophonatemethyl inhibited the pathogen most effectively(85.80%) at the concentration of 700 mg/L under 1000 times dilution,the EC50 value was 202.61 mg/L and toxicity regression equation was Y=0.575+1.919 x.
引文
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[14]郭敏,徐中青,高智谋.防治牡丹根腐病的有效药剂筛选[J].植物保护,2009,35(5):135-138.
[15]詹儒林,李伟,郑服丛.芒果炭疽病菌对多菌灵的抗药性[J].植物保护学报,2005,32(1):71-76.
[16]王美琴,刘慧平,韩巨才,等.番茄叶霉病菌对多菌灵、乙霉威及代森锰锌抗性检测[J].农药学学报,2003,5(4):30-36.
[17] Borckmk. Studies on the mode of action of benomy in Neurosporacrassa[D].Louisiana:Louisiana State University,1973:171.
[18] Whsonl B. Biochemical and pharmacological properties ofmicrotubules[J].Adv Cell Mol Biol,1974(4):21-72.
[19] Rose V L. Herodima formation and tubulin function inSaccharomyces cereviside[D].Cambridge:Massachusetts Instituteof Technology,1999.
[20]刘君丽,陈亮,孟玲.疫霉病害的发生与化学防治研究进展[J]农药,2003,42(4):13-16.
[21]朱振东,王晓鸣,田玉兰,等.防治大豆疫霉根腐病的药剂筛选[J].农药学学报,1999,1(3):39-44.
[22]蒋其军,李智敏,陈建斌,等.花椒根腐病药剂防治试验研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(5):766-772.
[23]梁建宏.新编药物手册[M].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2005.
[24] Koenraadt H, Sonerville S C, Jones A L. Characterization ofmutations in theβ-tubulin gene of benomylresistant field strains ofVenturia inaepualis and other plant pathogenic fungi[J].Phytopathol,1992,82(11):1348-1354.
[25] Burland T G, Schedl T, Gull K, et al. Genetic analysis of resistanceto benzimidazoles in Physarum:Differential expression ofβ-tubulingenes[J].Genetics,1984,108(1):123-141.
[26] Neff N F,Thomas J J,Grisafi P, et al. Isolation of theβ-tubulin genefrom yeast and demonstration its essential function in vivo[J].Cell,1983,33(1):211-219
[27] Thomas J H, Neff N F, Botstein D. Isolation and characterization ofmutation in theβ-tubulin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J].Genetics,1985,111(4):715-734.
[28] Lapeyre de Bellaire L, Dubois C. Distribution of thiabendazole-resistant Colletotrichum musae isolates from Guadeloupe bananaplantations[J].Plant Dis,1997,81(12):1378-1383.
[29] Spaldling D H. Resistance of mango pathogens to fungicides usedto control postharvest disease[J].Plant Dis,1982,66(12):1185-1186.
[2]刘慧民,张蕾,闫永庆,等.发财树大树桩生根处理技术研究[J].北方园艺,2004(4):34-35.
[3]康占海,蒲丽,吴学民.新型杀菌剂的应用现状及发展展望[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2005:233-236.
[4]习平根,戚佩坤,姜子德.瓜栗病原真菌的鉴定[J].华南农业大学学报,2000,21(4):30-32.
[5]李琳,陈鸿宇,柳凤,等.马拉巴栗疫病病原的分离与鉴定[J],园艺学报,2011,38(12):2395-2400.
[6]章桂明,麦瑞生.圭亚那栗巴歧拉腐烂病的调查与鉴定[J],植物检疫,1992,6(5):329-330.
[7]冯家望,莫晓凤,李纪丹.进境圭亚那栗巴歧拉苗木腐烂病的检疫处理[J].植物检疫,1997,11(4):215-217.
[8]尚巧霞,贾辉,刘素花,等.马拉巴栗茎基腐烂病病原鉴定[C].中国植物病理学2004年学术年会论文集.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社.2004:10-12.
[9]谭志琼,范红岩,张荣意.马拉巴栗茎基腐烂病病原菌鉴定[J].植物保护,2009,35(5):125-127.
[10] Ann P J, Chang T T, Ko W H. Phellinus noxius brownroot rot offruit and ornamental trees in Taiwan[J].Plant Dis,2002,86(8):820-826.
[11]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[12]蔡云鹏.台湾植物病害名录(3版)[M].台湾植物保护学会,台湾植物病理学会,1991:304.
[13] Farrdf, Bllsgf. Fungi on plants and plant products in the UnitedStates[M].Minnesota:APS Press,1989:1061.
[14]郭敏,徐中青,高智谋.防治牡丹根腐病的有效药剂筛选[J].植物保护,2009,35(5):135-138.
[15]詹儒林,李伟,郑服丛.芒果炭疽病菌对多菌灵的抗药性[J].植物保护学报,2005,32(1):71-76.
[16]王美琴,刘慧平,韩巨才,等.番茄叶霉病菌对多菌灵、乙霉威及代森锰锌抗性检测[J].农药学学报,2003,5(4):30-36.
[17] Borckmk. Studies on the mode of action of benomy in Neurosporacrassa[D].Louisiana:Louisiana State University,1973:171.
[18] Whsonl B. Biochemical and pharmacological properties ofmicrotubules[J].Adv Cell Mol Biol,1974(4):21-72.
[19] Rose V L. Herodima formation and tubulin function inSaccharomyces cereviside[D].Cambridge:Massachusetts Instituteof Technology,1999.
[20]刘君丽,陈亮,孟玲.疫霉病害的发生与化学防治研究进展[J]农药,2003,42(4):13-16.
[21]朱振东,王晓鸣,田玉兰,等.防治大豆疫霉根腐病的药剂筛选[J].农药学学报,1999,1(3):39-44.
[22]蒋其军,李智敏,陈建斌,等.花椒根腐病药剂防治试验研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(5):766-772.
[23]梁建宏.新编药物手册[M].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2005.
[24] Koenraadt H, Sonerville S C, Jones A L. Characterization ofmutations in theβ-tubulin gene of benomylresistant field strains ofVenturia inaepualis and other plant pathogenic fungi[J].Phytopathol,1992,82(11):1348-1354.
[25] Burland T G, Schedl T, Gull K, et al. Genetic analysis of resistanceto benzimidazoles in Physarum:Differential expression ofβ-tubulingenes[J].Genetics,1984,108(1):123-141.
[26] Neff N F,Thomas J J,Grisafi P, et al. Isolation of theβ-tubulin genefrom yeast and demonstration its essential function in vivo[J].Cell,1983,33(1):211-219
[27] Thomas J H, Neff N F, Botstein D. Isolation and characterization ofmutation in theβ-tubulin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J].Genetics,1985,111(4):715-734.
[28] Lapeyre de Bellaire L, Dubois C. Distribution of thiabendazole-resistant Colletotrichum musae isolates from Guadeloupe bananaplantations[J].Plant Dis,1997,81(12):1378-1383.
[29] Spaldling D H. Resistance of mango pathogens to fungicides usedto control postharvest disease[J].Plant Dis,1982,66(12):1185-1186.