三峡水库生态调度对长江监利江段四大家鱼早期资源的影响
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摘要
为探究生态调度对长江中游四大家鱼繁殖的影响,并了解影响家鱼产卵的关键生态水文指标的量化范围,于2013—2017年5—7月三峡水库生态调度期间在长江中游监利江段进行了鱼类早期资源调查,同时对采集到的四大家鱼卵苗与生态水文指标进行了相关性分析。结果显示,家鱼卵苗量与流量增长率呈显著正相关。每年6月下旬的生态调度,监利江段涨水持续时间为4 d及以上,流量增长率为1 600～2 833 m~3/(s·d)时,家鱼卵苗发生量较大,可占年总规模的45%以上。三峡水库生态调度涨水过程能够在一定程度上满足监利江段四大家鱼繁殖的水文需求,对减缓三峡水库运行引起的长江中游鱼类繁殖的不利影响和维持鱼类种群资源补充具有重要意义。
In order to explore the effect of ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir on breeding of the four major Chinese carps in Jianli section of the Yangtze River, and evaluate the quantitative range of ecological hydrology indexes that stimulate spawning behavior of four major Chinese carps, in this study, we investigated the early life resources of the Four Major Chinese Carps in Jianli section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,from May to July, 2013—2017. Correlation analysis was made between the Four Major Chinese carps' spawning and larvae collected and the ecological hydrology index. The results show that there is a significantly positive correlation between the daily flow increasing rate and the quantity of fish eggs. When the duration is 4 d and more,and the daily flow increasing rate is from 1 600 to 2 833 [m~3/(s·d)], ecological operation is more effective to stimulate the reproduction of the Four Major Chinese Carps in late June. Preliminary results indicated, water rising of ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir has improved the hydrological conditions for the breeding of four major Chinese carps in Jianli section. The implement of ecological operation not only reduced the negative impact on fish breeding in the midstream of the Yangtze River, but also maintained fish population resources after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir.
In order to explore the effect of ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir on breeding of the four major Chinese carps in Jianli section of the Yangtze River, and evaluate the quantitative range of ecological hydrology indexes that stimulate spawning behavior of four major Chinese carps, in this study, we investigated the early life resources of the Four Major Chinese Carps in Jianli section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,from May to July, 2013—2017. Correlation analysis was made between the Four Major Chinese carps' spawning and larvae collected and the ecological hydrology index. The results show that there is a significantly positive correlation between the daily flow increasing rate and the quantity of fish eggs. When the duration is 4 d and more,and the daily flow increasing rate is from 1 600 to 2 833 [m~3/(s·d)], ecological operation is more effective to stimulate the reproduction of the Four Major Chinese Carps in late June. Preliminary results indicated, water rising of ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir has improved the hydrological conditions for the breeding of four major Chinese carps in Jianli section. The implement of ecological operation not only reduced the negative impact on fish breeding in the midstream of the Yangtze River, but also maintained fish population resources after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir.
引文
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[3]熊明,许全喜,袁晶,等.三峡水库初期运用对长江中下游水文河道情势影响分析[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(1):120-125.Xiong M,Xu Q X,Yuan J,et al.Study of the influences of Three Gorges project’s initial operation on river regime of the middle and lower Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2010,29(1):120-125(in Chinese).
[4]郭文献,王鸿翔,徐建新,等.三峡水库对下游重要鱼类产卵期生态水文情势影响研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(3):22-26,38.Guo W X,Wang H X,Xu J X,et al.Effects of Three Gorges reservoir on the downstream eco-hydrological regimes during the spawning of important fishes[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(3):22-26 ,38(in Chinese).
[5]彭期冬,廖文根,李翀,等.三峡工程蓄水以来对长江中游四大家鱼自然繁殖影响研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(增刊2):228-232.Peng Q D,Liao W G,Li C,et al.Impacts of four major Chinese carps’natural reproduction in the middle reaches of Changjiang River by three gorges project since the impoundment[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(supple 2):228-232(in Chinese).
[6]黄悦,范北林.三峡工程对中下游四大家鱼产卵环境的影响[J].人民长江,2008,39(19):38-41.Huang Y,Fan B L.Impact of TGP on spawning environment of 4 major Chinese fishs in middle and downstream of the Yangtze River[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(19):38-41(in Chinese).
[7]李翀,廖文根,陈大庆,等.三峡水库不同运用情景对四大家鱼繁殖水动力学影响[J].科技导报,2008,26(17):55-61.Li C,Liao W G,Chen D Q,et al.Hydrodynamic effect of different regulation scenarios for Three Gorges Reservoir on four major Chinese carps Spawning[J].Science&Technology Review,2008,26(17):55-61(in Chinese).
[8]段辛斌,陈大庆,李志华,等.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(4):523-532.Duan X B,Chen D Q,Li Z H,et al.Current status of spawning grounds of fishes with pelagic eggs in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservior[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(4):523-532(in Chinese).
[9]Yin X A,Yang Z F,Petts G E.A new method to assess the flow regime alterations in riverine ecosystems[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(4):497-504.
[10]Mathews R,Richter B D.Application of the indicators of hydrologic alteration software in environmental flow setting[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2007,43(6):1400-1413.
[11]李翀,彭静,廖文根.长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2006,4(3):170-176.Li C,Peng J,Liao W G.Study on the eco-hydrological factors and flow regime requirement on spawning of four major Chinese carps in the middle reaches of Yangtze River[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2006,4(3):170-176(in Chinese).
[12]王文君,谢山,张晓敏,等.岷江下游产漂流性卵鱼类的繁殖活动与生态水文因子的关系[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(6):29-34.Wang W J,Xie S,Zhang X M,et al.Relationship between eco-hydrological factors and spawning activities of fishes with pelagic eggs in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(6):29-34(in Chinese).
[13]易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊.长江干流草、青、鲢、鳙四大家鱼产卵场的分布、规模和自然条件[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1988:1-46.Yi B L,Yu Z T,Liang Z S,et al.The distribution,natural conditions and breeding production of the spawning grounds of four famous freshwater fishes on the main stream on the Yangtze River[M]//Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,1988:1-46(in Chinese).
[14]李翀,彭静,廖文根.河流管理的生态水文目标及其量化分析-以长江中游为例[J].中国水利,2006(23):8-10.Li C,Peng J,Liao W G.Eco-hydrological target of river management and its quantitative analysis-take the middle reaches of Yangtze River as an example[J].China Water Resources,2006(23):8-10(in Chinese).
[15]王尚玉,廖文根,陈大庆,等.长江中游四大家鱼产卵场的生态水文特性分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(6):892-897.Wang S Y,Liao W G,Chen D Q,et al.Analysis of ecohydrological characteristics of the four Chinese farmed carps spawning grounds in the middle reach of the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2008,17(6):892-897(in Chinese).
[16]陈永柏,廖文根,彭期冬,等.四大家鱼产卵水文水动力特性研究综述[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):130-133.Chen Y B,Liao W G,Peng Q D,et al.A summary of hydrology and hydrodynamics conditions of four Chinese carps’spawning[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(2):130-133(in Chinese).
[17]柏海霞,彭期冬,李翀,等.长江四大家鱼产卵场地形及其自然繁殖水动力条件研究综述[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2014,12(3):249-257.Bai H X,Peng Q D,Li C,et al.A summary of topographical characteristics of the four major Chinese carps’spawning grounds and hydrodynamic conditions for natural propagation in the Yangtze River[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2014,12(3):249-257(in Chinese).
[18]赵越,周建中,许可,等.保护四大家鱼产卵的三峡水库生态调度研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(4):45-50.Zhao Y,Zhou J Z,Xu K,et al.Ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir for protection of four major Chinese carps spawning[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(4):45-50(in Chinese).
[19]徐薇,刘宏高,唐会元,等.三峡水库生态调度对沙市江段鱼卵和仔鱼的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(2):1-8.Xu W,Liu H G,Tang H Y,et al.Effects of ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir on fish eggs and larvae in Shashi Section of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(2):1-8(in Chinese).
[20]王昌燮.长江中游“野鱼苗”的种类鉴定[J].水生生物学集刊,1959(3):324-341.Wang C L.The identification of the species in the"Wild Fry"of the middle waters of the Yangtze River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1959(3):324-341(in Chinese).
[21]曹文宣,常剑波,乔晔,等.长江鱼类早期资源[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.Cao W X,Chang J B,Qiao Y,et al.Fish resources of early life history stages in Yangtze River[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2007(in Chinese).
[22]王俊娜,李翀,段辛斌,等.基于遗传规划法识别影响鱼类丰度的关键环境因子[J].水利学报,2012,43(7):860-868.Wang J N,Li C,Duan X B,et al.Identification of significant environmental factors affecting fish abundance by genetic programming[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(7):860-868(in Chinese).
[23]沈忱.长江上游鱼类保护区生态环境需水研究[D].北京.清华大学,2015.Shen C.Study on ecological and environmental flow for the fish reserve in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[D].Beijing.Tsinghua University,2015(in Chinese).
[24]王俊娜.基于水文过程与生态过程耦合关系的三峡水库多目标优化调度研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2011.Wang J N.Studies on multi-objective optimal operation of Three Gorges Reservoir based on the coupling relationships between hydrological processes and ecological processes[D].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2011(in Chinese).
[2]李清清,覃晖,陈广才,等.长江中游水文情势变化及对鱼类的影响分析[J].人民长江,2012,43(11):86-89.Li Q Q,Qin H,Chen G C,et al.Analysis on hydrologic alteration of middle Yangtze River and its impact on fish[J].Yangtze River,2012,43(11):86-89(in Chinese).
[3]熊明,许全喜,袁晶,等.三峡水库初期运用对长江中下游水文河道情势影响分析[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(1):120-125.Xiong M,Xu Q X,Yuan J,et al.Study of the influences of Three Gorges project’s initial operation on river regime of the middle and lower Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2010,29(1):120-125(in Chinese).
[4]郭文献,王鸿翔,徐建新,等.三峡水库对下游重要鱼类产卵期生态水文情势影响研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(3):22-26,38.Guo W X,Wang H X,Xu J X,et al.Effects of Three Gorges reservoir on the downstream eco-hydrological regimes during the spawning of important fishes[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(3):22-26 ,38(in Chinese).
[5]彭期冬,廖文根,李翀,等.三峡工程蓄水以来对长江中游四大家鱼自然繁殖影响研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(增刊2):228-232.Peng Q D,Liao W G,Li C,et al.Impacts of four major Chinese carps’natural reproduction in the middle reaches of Changjiang River by three gorges project since the impoundment[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(supple 2):228-232(in Chinese).
[6]黄悦,范北林.三峡工程对中下游四大家鱼产卵环境的影响[J].人民长江,2008,39(19):38-41.Huang Y,Fan B L.Impact of TGP on spawning environment of 4 major Chinese fishs in middle and downstream of the Yangtze River[J].Yangtze River,2008,39(19):38-41(in Chinese).
[7]李翀,廖文根,陈大庆,等.三峡水库不同运用情景对四大家鱼繁殖水动力学影响[J].科技导报,2008,26(17):55-61.Li C,Liao W G,Chen D Q,et al.Hydrodynamic effect of different regulation scenarios for Three Gorges Reservoir on four major Chinese carps Spawning[J].Science&Technology Review,2008,26(17):55-61(in Chinese).
[8]段辛斌,陈大庆,李志华,等.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(4):523-532.Duan X B,Chen D Q,Li Z H,et al.Current status of spawning grounds of fishes with pelagic eggs in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservior[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(4):523-532(in Chinese).
[9]Yin X A,Yang Z F,Petts G E.A new method to assess the flow regime alterations in riverine ecosystems[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(4):497-504.
[10]Mathews R,Richter B D.Application of the indicators of hydrologic alteration software in environmental flow setting[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2007,43(6):1400-1413.
[11]李翀,彭静,廖文根.长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2006,4(3):170-176.Li C,Peng J,Liao W G.Study on the eco-hydrological factors and flow regime requirement on spawning of four major Chinese carps in the middle reaches of Yangtze River[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2006,4(3):170-176(in Chinese).
[12]王文君,谢山,张晓敏,等.岷江下游产漂流性卵鱼类的繁殖活动与生态水文因子的关系[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(6):29-34.Wang W J,Xie S,Zhang X M,et al.Relationship between eco-hydrological factors and spawning activities of fishes with pelagic eggs in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(6):29-34(in Chinese).
[13]易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊.长江干流草、青、鲢、鳙四大家鱼产卵场的分布、规模和自然条件[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1988:1-46.Yi B L,Yu Z T,Liang Z S,et al.The distribution,natural conditions and breeding production of the spawning grounds of four famous freshwater fishes on the main stream on the Yangtze River[M]//Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,1988:1-46(in Chinese).
[14]李翀,彭静,廖文根.河流管理的生态水文目标及其量化分析-以长江中游为例[J].中国水利,2006(23):8-10.Li C,Peng J,Liao W G.Eco-hydrological target of river management and its quantitative analysis-take the middle reaches of Yangtze River as an example[J].China Water Resources,2006(23):8-10(in Chinese).
[15]王尚玉,廖文根,陈大庆,等.长江中游四大家鱼产卵场的生态水文特性分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(6):892-897.Wang S Y,Liao W G,Chen D Q,et al.Analysis of ecohydrological characteristics of the four Chinese farmed carps spawning grounds in the middle reach of the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2008,17(6):892-897(in Chinese).
[16]陈永柏,廖文根,彭期冬,等.四大家鱼产卵水文水动力特性研究综述[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):130-133.Chen Y B,Liao W G,Peng Q D,et al.A summary of hydrology and hydrodynamics conditions of four Chinese carps’spawning[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(2):130-133(in Chinese).
[17]柏海霞,彭期冬,李翀,等.长江四大家鱼产卵场地形及其自然繁殖水动力条件研究综述[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2014,12(3):249-257.Bai H X,Peng Q D,Li C,et al.A summary of topographical characteristics of the four major Chinese carps’spawning grounds and hydrodynamic conditions for natural propagation in the Yangtze River[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2014,12(3):249-257(in Chinese).
[18]赵越,周建中,许可,等.保护四大家鱼产卵的三峡水库生态调度研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(4):45-50.Zhao Y,Zhou J Z,Xu K,et al.Ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir for protection of four major Chinese carps spawning[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(4):45-50(in Chinese).
[19]徐薇,刘宏高,唐会元,等.三峡水库生态调度对沙市江段鱼卵和仔鱼的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(2):1-8.Xu W,Liu H G,Tang H Y,et al.Effects of ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir on fish eggs and larvae in Shashi Section of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(2):1-8(in Chinese).
[20]王昌燮.长江中游“野鱼苗”的种类鉴定[J].水生生物学集刊,1959(3):324-341.Wang C L.The identification of the species in the"Wild Fry"of the middle waters of the Yangtze River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1959(3):324-341(in Chinese).
[21]曹文宣,常剑波,乔晔,等.长江鱼类早期资源[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.Cao W X,Chang J B,Qiao Y,et al.Fish resources of early life history stages in Yangtze River[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2007(in Chinese).
[22]王俊娜,李翀,段辛斌,等.基于遗传规划法识别影响鱼类丰度的关键环境因子[J].水利学报,2012,43(7):860-868.Wang J N,Li C,Duan X B,et al.Identification of significant environmental factors affecting fish abundance by genetic programming[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(7):860-868(in Chinese).
[23]沈忱.长江上游鱼类保护区生态环境需水研究[D].北京.清华大学,2015.Shen C.Study on ecological and environmental flow for the fish reserve in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[D].Beijing.Tsinghua University,2015(in Chinese).
[24]王俊娜.基于水文过程与生态过程耦合关系的三峡水库多目标优化调度研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2011.Wang J N.Studies on multi-objective optimal operation of Three Gorges Reservoir based on the coupling relationships between hydrological processes and ecological processes[D].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2011(in Chinese).