主动遥感探测海底可燃冰的正演研究
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摘要
本文提出利用光学成像干涉技术主动遥感探测可燃冰的温度、压强、浓度物理量。通过光纤将海面上波长为1.65μm的激光传输到海底,激发海底可燃冰,将CH4发射的1.65μm附近相距很近的10条谱线用光纤收集传回到海面上,经过成像干涉系统,在CCD相机上得到5条成像干涉条纹,选择两条相邻干涉条纹的灰度值,利用"转动谱线测温法"和洛伦兹线型即可获得海底可燃冰CH4的温度、压强、浓度等参量。实验得出CH4的正演成像干涉图,并得到CCD上的电子计数1.68×105远远大于拟用CCD噪声400e,系统的最大信噪比为291,窄带干涉滤光片可在16°视场内区分CH4的10条目标谱线,CH4的温度和浓度探测精度分别为1K和3%。研究表明,该成像干涉系统可用于遥感探测海底可燃冰。
In this paper,an optical imaging interferometry system was proposed for the accurate detection of the temperature,pressure,and concentration of gas hydrates.As part of this system,laser light with a wavelength of 1.65μm,was transmitted across the sea surface through a fiber to excite gas hydrates on the sea bed.Ten spectral lines close to the 1.65μm waves emitted by CH4 were collected and transmitted to the sea surface through another fiber.Five image interference fringes for CH4 were obtained on a Charge-Coupled Device(CCD)camera.Using the "rotation line temperature measurement method" and the Lorentzian line profile,and by selecting the gray values of two adjacent interference fringes,the temperature,pressure,and concentration of the CH4 gas hydrates on the sea bed could be obtained.The forward results of the imaging interferogram for CH4 show that the elec-tron count on the CCD is 1.68×105,much larger than which results in the noise value of 400 e.The maximum signal-to-noise ratio of the system is 291.The narrowband interference filter could distinguish 10 spectral lines in the waves emitted by CH4 within the 16°field of view.The measuring precision of the CH4 temperature and concentration values are 1 Kand 3%,respectively.This study shows that an imaging interference system can be used in the remote sensing of seabed gas hydrates.
In this paper,an optical imaging interferometry system was proposed for the accurate detection of the temperature,pressure,and concentration of gas hydrates.As part of this system,laser light with a wavelength of 1.65μm,was transmitted across the sea surface through a fiber to excite gas hydrates on the sea bed.Ten spectral lines close to the 1.65μm waves emitted by CH4 were collected and transmitted to the sea surface through another fiber.Five image interference fringes for CH4 were obtained on a Charge-Coupled Device(CCD)camera.Using the "rotation line temperature measurement method" and the Lorentzian line profile,and by selecting the gray values of two adjacent interference fringes,the temperature,pressure,and concentration of the CH4 gas hydrates on the sea bed could be obtained.The forward results of the imaging interferogram for CH4 show that the elec-tron count on the CCD is 1.68×105,much larger than which results in the noise value of 400 e.The maximum signal-to-noise ratio of the system is 291.The narrowband interference filter could distinguish 10 spectral lines in the waves emitted by CH4 within the 16°field of view.The measuring precision of the CH4 temperature and concentration values are 1 Kand 3%,respectively.This study shows that an imaging interference system can be used in the remote sensing of seabed gas hydrates.
引文
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[13]唐远河,王淑华,崔进,等.被动遥测矿井CO气体温度及浓度的正演研究[J].物理学报,2016,65(18):184201.TANG Y H,WANG SH H,CUI J,et al..Research on forward measurement of CO gas temperature and concentration in passive remote measurement mine[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(18):184201.(in Chinese)
[2]盛堰,邓明,魏文博,等.海洋电磁探测技术发展现状及探测天然气水合物的可行性[J].工程地球物理学报,2012,9(2):127-133.SHENG Y,DENG M,WEI W B,et al..Development status of marine electromagnetic detection technology and feasibility of detecting natural gas hydrate[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2012,9(2):127-133.(in Chinese)
[3] HESTHAMMER J,STEFATOS A,BOULAENKO M,et al..CSEM technology as a value driver for hydrocarbon exploration[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2010,27(9):1872-1884.
[4] KVAMME B,GRAUE A,ASPENES E,et al..Kinetics of solid hydrate formation by carbon dioxide:Phase field theory of hydrate nucleation and magnetic resonance imaging[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2004,6(9):2327-2334.
[5]戴金岭,许俊良,宋淑玲,等.天然气水合物钻探取样技术现状与实施研究[J].西部探矿工程,2011,23(1):89-92.DAI J L,XU J L,SONG SH L,et al..Research on current situation and implementation of natural gas hydrate drilling sampling technology[J].West-china Exploration Engineering,2011,23(1):89-92.(in Chinese)
[6]张志冰.海水中甲烷浓度原位地球化学探测系统的研发与应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013.ZHANG ZH B.Development and Application of In Situ Geochemical Detection System for Methane Concentration in Seawater[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2013.(in Chinese)
[7]刘庆省,郭金家,杨德旺,等.小型高灵敏度水下拉曼光谱系统[J].光学精密工程,2018,26(1):8-13.LIU Q SH,GUO J J,YANG D W,et al..Small high sensitivity water pullman spectroscopy system[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2018,26(1):8-13.(in Chinese)
[8]葛城显,吴振森,白靖,等.微粗糙光学表面与多个镶嵌粒子差值散射场特性[J].光学精密工程,2018,26(2):268-275.GE CH X,WU ZH S,BAI J,et al..Difference field scattering properties between multiple inlaid redundant particles and slightly rough optical surface[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2018,26(2):268-275.(in Chinese)
[9]俞侃,刘文,黄德修,等.角度调谐滤光片的膜系优化设计算法[J].中国激光,2007,34(9):1287-1291.SHU K,LIU W,HUANG D X,et al..Optimum design algorithm for angle tuning filters[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2007,34(9):1287-1291.(in Chinese)
[10]顾培夫,李海峰,章岳光,等.用于倾斜入射的波分复用薄膜滤光片的特性及改进[J].光学学报,2003,23(3):377-380.GU P F,LI H F,ZHANG Y G,et al..Properties of wavelength division multiplexed thin film filters for incidence of incidence and improvements[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2003,23(3):377-380.(in Chinese)
[11]魏合理,戴聪明.辐射特性测量大气传输修正研究:大气辐射传输模式和关键大气参数分析[J].红外与激光工程,2014,43(3):884-890.WEI H L,DAI C M.Research of atmospheric transfer correction in radiance measurement:atmospheric radiative transfer model and the analysis of key atmospheric parameters[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2014,43(3):884-890.(in Chinese)
[12]马兴龙,郑宏飞.菲涅尔透镜的透射率优化方法[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(3):482-487.MA X L,ZHENG H F.An optimization method for Fresnel lens transmittance[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2016,37(3):482-487.(in Chinese)
[13]唐远河,王淑华,崔进,等.被动遥测矿井CO气体温度及浓度的正演研究[J].物理学报,2016,65(18):184201.TANG Y H,WANG SH H,CUI J,et al..Research on forward measurement of CO gas temperature and concentration in passive remote measurement mine[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(18):184201.(in Chinese)