考虑“井工厂”学习效应的平台位置优化方法
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摘要
随着"井工厂"技术的不断应用,"井工厂"模式所产生的学习效应对钻井费用及平台位置的选择具有重要的影响,研究该模式下的平台位置优化问题就变得很有必要。为此,结合"井工厂"钻井学习曲线,提出了"钻井学习指数"的概念,以量化"井工厂"模式下单井平均节约费用与平台布井数量之间的关系;进而考虑"钻井学习指数"、平台最大容量及轨道复杂度对平台位置选择的影响,建立了"井工厂"模式下丛式水平井平台位置优化模型;根据遗传算法原理,并结合每口井只能对应一个平台以及每个平台所允许的最大井数等特点,对遗传算子进行了改进,给出了所建立模型的解算步骤。算例分析结果表明,所提出的优化模型能够在满足所给定约束条件的前提下,减少平台数量,增加每个平台的井数。结论认为,考虑"井工厂"学习效应的平台位置优化模型能够充分发挥"井工厂"的技术优势,是一种降低丛式水平井建井费用的有效方法。
With the promotion and application of the "well factory" technique, the learning effect generated under the "well factory" mode plays an important role in the selection and optimization of well quantity and platform position. Combined with the learning curves of "well factory" drilling, the concept of "learning index of drilling" was proposed to quantify the reduced drilling costs versus the number of wells on the platform under the "well factory" mode. Considering the impacts of "learning index of drilling", the maximum capacity of platform and trajectory complexity on the selection of platform position, the optimized model for platform positioning for cluster wells under the "well factory" mode was built. In accordance with the genetic algorithm(GA) principles and with consideration to the correspondence of one well to one platform and the maximum allowable number of wells on one platform, the GA factors were modified. Then, the procedures for the solution of the proposed model were proposed, and calculations were made for two example cases. The results are revealed in two aspects. First, under the "well factory" mode, learning effect, platform capacity, trajectory complexity and other factors may significantly affect platform positioning of cluster horizontal wells and relevant drilling costs. Second, the optimized model can effectively minimize the number of platforms required, enhance the number of wells on one platform and cut down relevant drilling costs under all given constraints. The optimized model with consideration to the learning effect in the "well factory" mode can fully extend the advantages of "well factory", thus it is an effective technique to minimize the costs of constructing cluster horizontal wells.
With the promotion and application of the "well factory" technique, the learning effect generated under the "well factory" mode plays an important role in the selection and optimization of well quantity and platform position. Combined with the learning curves of "well factory" drilling, the concept of "learning index of drilling" was proposed to quantify the reduced drilling costs versus the number of wells on the platform under the "well factory" mode. Considering the impacts of "learning index of drilling", the maximum capacity of platform and trajectory complexity on the selection of platform position, the optimized model for platform positioning for cluster wells under the "well factory" mode was built. In accordance with the genetic algorithm(GA) principles and with consideration to the correspondence of one well to one platform and the maximum allowable number of wells on one platform, the GA factors were modified. Then, the procedures for the solution of the proposed model were proposed, and calculations were made for two example cases. The results are revealed in two aspects. First, under the "well factory" mode, learning effect, platform capacity, trajectory complexity and other factors may significantly affect platform positioning of cluster horizontal wells and relevant drilling costs. Second, the optimized model can effectively minimize the number of platforms required, enhance the number of wells on one platform and cut down relevant drilling costs under all given constraints. The optimized model with consideration to the learning effect in the "well factory" mode can fully extend the advantages of "well factory", thus it is an effective technique to minimize the costs of constructing cluster horizontal wells.
引文
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[11]王敏生,光新军.页岩气“井工厂”开发关键技术[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(5):1-4.Wang Minsheng&Guang Xinjun.Key technologies of shale gas development by"well factory"[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(5):1-4.
[12]郑力会,魏攀峰,张铮,聂帅帅,楼宣庆,崔可心,等.联探并采:非常规油气资源勘探开发持续发展自我救赎之路[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):126-140.Zheng Lihui,Wei Panfeng,Zhang Zheng,Nie Shuaishuai,Lou Xuanqing,Cui Kexin,et al.Joint exploration and development:Aself-salvation road to sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas resources[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(5):126-140.
[13]李鹴,King-Kai H,Franks T,谢明华.四川盆地金秋区块非常规天然气工厂化井作业设想[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):54-59.Li Shuang,King-Kai H,Franks T&Xie Minghua.Design highlights of factory-like production of unconventional natural gas wells in the Jinqiu Block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(6):54-59.
[14]刘社明,张明禄,陈志勇,梁常宝,范文敏.苏里格南合作区工厂化钻完井作业实践[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):64-69.Liu Sheming,Zhang Minglu,Chen Zhiyong,Liang Changbao&Fan Wenmin.Factory-like drilling and completion practices in the joint gas development zone of the South Sulige Project[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):64-69.
[15]赵文彬.大牛地气田DP43水平井组的井工厂钻井实践[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):60-65.Zhao Wenbin.Drilling practice of a well plant in the cluster horizontal wells of DP43 in the Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(6):60-65.
[16]王万庆,石仲元,付仟骞.G0-7三维水平井井组工厂化钻井工艺[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(2):27-31.Wang Wanqing,Shi Zhongyuan&Fu Qianqian.Factory drilling technology for G0-7 3D horizontal well group[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(2):27-31.
[17]郑力会,陈必武,张峥,汤继丹,孙昊.煤层气绒囊钻井流体的防塌机理[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):72-77.Zheng Lihui,Chen Biwu,Zhang Zheng,Tang Jidan&Sun Hao.Anti-collapse mechanism of the CBM fuzzy-ball drilling fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):72-77.
[18]郑力会,魏攀峰,楼宣庆,孙昊,付毓伟,聂帅帅.氯化钾溶液浓度影响页岩气储层解吸能力室内实验[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(3):117-122.Zheng Lihui,Wei Panfeng,Lou Xuanqing,Sun Hao,Fu Yuwei&Nie Shuaishuai.Laboratory experiments on the effect of KCl concentration on desorption capacity of reservoir rocks[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(3):117-122.
[19]Ikoku CU.Application of learning curve models to oil and gas well drilling[C]//SPE California Regional Meeting,12-14April 1978,San Francisco,California,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/7119-MS.
[20]Brett JF&Millheim KK.The drilling performance curve:A yardstick for judging drilling performance[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,5-8 October 1986,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15362-MS.
[21]胡运权.运筹学教程[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Hu Yunquan.Operational research course[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.
[2]Dogru S.Selection of optimal platform locations[J].SPE Drilling Engineering,1987,2(4):382-386.
[3]史玉才,管志川,陈秋炎,周延军.钻井平台位置优选方法研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(5):44-47.Shi Yucai,Guan Zhichuan,Chen Qiuyan&Zhou Yanjun.Location optimization method for drilling platform[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2007,31(5):44-47.
[4]李文飞,朱宽亮,管志川,陈明,刘云鹏,史玉才.大型丛式井组平台位置优化方法[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):162-166.Li Wenfei,Zhu Kuanliang,Guan Zhichuan,Chen Ming,Liu Yunpeng&Shi Yucai.Location optimization for the drilling platform of large-scale cluster wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):162-166.
[5]Grimmett TT&Startzman RA.Optimization of offshore field development to minimize investment[J].SPE Drilling Engineering,1988,3(4):403-410.
[6]陈祖锡,葛云华,周煜辉.用丛式井开发油田的方案设计[J].石油钻采工艺,1992,14(6):19-28.Chen Zuxi,Ge Yunhua&Zhou Yuhui.Schematic design for oil field development with cluster wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,1992,14(6):19-28.
[7]Garcia-Diaz JG,Startzman R&Hogg G.A new methodology for minimizing investment in the development of offshore fields[J].SPE Production&Facilities,1996,11(1):22-29.
[8]葛云华,鄢爱民,高永荣,唐雪平.丛式水平井钻井平台规划[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(5):94-100.Ge Yunhua,Yan Aimin,Gao Yongrong&Tang Xueping.Drilling pad optimization for oilfield development by cluster horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(5):94-100.
[9]Rodrigues HWL,Prata BA&Bonates TO.Integrated optimization model for location and sizing of offshore platforms and location of oil wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,145:734-741.
[10]刘震,潘斌,王连宝.海上油田中心平台选址优化[J].中国海洋平台,2002,17(2):28-30.Liu Zhen,Pan Bin&Wang Lianbao.Position optimization for central platform of offshore oilfield[J].China Offshore Platform,2002,17(2):28-30.
[11]王敏生,光新军.页岩气“井工厂”开发关键技术[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(5):1-4.Wang Minsheng&Guang Xinjun.Key technologies of shale gas development by"well factory"[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(5):1-4.
[12]郑力会,魏攀峰,张铮,聂帅帅,楼宣庆,崔可心,等.联探并采:非常规油气资源勘探开发持续发展自我救赎之路[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):126-140.Zheng Lihui,Wei Panfeng,Zhang Zheng,Nie Shuaishuai,Lou Xuanqing,Cui Kexin,et al.Joint exploration and development:Aself-salvation road to sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas resources[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(5):126-140.
[13]李鹴,King-Kai H,Franks T,谢明华.四川盆地金秋区块非常规天然气工厂化井作业设想[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):54-59.Li Shuang,King-Kai H,Franks T&Xie Minghua.Design highlights of factory-like production of unconventional natural gas wells in the Jinqiu Block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(6):54-59.
[14]刘社明,张明禄,陈志勇,梁常宝,范文敏.苏里格南合作区工厂化钻完井作业实践[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):64-69.Liu Sheming,Zhang Minglu,Chen Zhiyong,Liang Changbao&Fan Wenmin.Factory-like drilling and completion practices in the joint gas development zone of the South Sulige Project[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):64-69.
[15]赵文彬.大牛地气田DP43水平井组的井工厂钻井实践[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):60-65.Zhao Wenbin.Drilling practice of a well plant in the cluster horizontal wells of DP43 in the Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(6):60-65.
[16]王万庆,石仲元,付仟骞.G0-7三维水平井井组工厂化钻井工艺[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(2):27-31.Wang Wanqing,Shi Zhongyuan&Fu Qianqian.Factory drilling technology for G0-7 3D horizontal well group[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(2):27-31.
[17]郑力会,陈必武,张峥,汤继丹,孙昊.煤层气绒囊钻井流体的防塌机理[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):72-77.Zheng Lihui,Chen Biwu,Zhang Zheng,Tang Jidan&Sun Hao.Anti-collapse mechanism of the CBM fuzzy-ball drilling fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):72-77.
[18]郑力会,魏攀峰,楼宣庆,孙昊,付毓伟,聂帅帅.氯化钾溶液浓度影响页岩气储层解吸能力室内实验[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(3):117-122.Zheng Lihui,Wei Panfeng,Lou Xuanqing,Sun Hao,Fu Yuwei&Nie Shuaishuai.Laboratory experiments on the effect of KCl concentration on desorption capacity of reservoir rocks[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(3):117-122.
[19]Ikoku CU.Application of learning curve models to oil and gas well drilling[C]//SPE California Regional Meeting,12-14April 1978,San Francisco,California,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/7119-MS.
[20]Brett JF&Millheim KK.The drilling performance curve:A yardstick for judging drilling performance[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,5-8 October 1986,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15362-MS.
[21]胡运权.运筹学教程[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Hu Yunquan.Operational research course[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.