计及再生制动能量回收和电能质量改善的铁路背靠背混合储能系统及其控制方法
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摘要
为有效回收电气化铁路交流传动型机车产生的大量再生制动电能,同时兼顾改善牵引供电系统电能质量的目的,提出一种背靠背混合储能系统及其控制方法。首先,理论分析系统整体能量分配关系及优化补偿机理;然后,逐一提出混合储能系统目标出力值分配策略,含电能质量指标参数约束的背靠背变流器优化补偿数学模型及限幅功率动态调整的混合储能系统内部协调控制策略,共同构成该系统的复合优化控制方法;最后,基于预设工况及某牵引变电站典型日实测负荷数据,从功率流分配、电能质量改善效果、蓄电池/超级电容全时间段出力情况、不同储能混合度下的制动电能回收率等方面进行仿真分析与验证。结果表明:所提系统及其控制方法能够协调控制制动能量多向按需转移、存储和释放,实现了再生制动能量的合理利用;能够有效降低系统侧负序电流、提高平均功率因数;同时,不同储能介质间能够进行合理的功率分配,有利于提高混合储能系统供电可靠性及长期稳定运行的能力。
In order to recover the regenerative braking energy generated by AC locomotive and improve the power quality of traction power supply system, a back-to-back hybrid energy storage system(HESS) and its control method were proposed. Firstly, the energy distribution relationship and optimal compensation mechanism were analyzed theoretically. Then, a composite optimization control method was set up, which includes the allocation strategy of target output values of HESS, optimal compensation mathematical model of converter with power quality parameter constraints, and internal coordination control strategy of HESS with dynamically adjusting the limiting power. Finally, based on the given working conditions and typical daily measured load data of a traction substation, the simulation analysis and verification were carried out from the following aspects: power flow distribution, power quality improvement, operational condition of battery and supercapacitor, braking power recovery with different mixing degree of HESS. The results show that, the system and its control method can achieve the multi-directional transfer, storage and release of energy on demand, which realizes the reasonable utilization of regenerative braking energy. Moreover, it can effectively reduce the sequence current of system side and improve the average power factor. The reasonable power distribution between battery and supercapacitor is beneficial to improve the power supply reliability and long-term operation ability of HESS.
In order to recover the regenerative braking energy generated by AC locomotive and improve the power quality of traction power supply system, a back-to-back hybrid energy storage system(HESS) and its control method were proposed. Firstly, the energy distribution relationship and optimal compensation mechanism were analyzed theoretically. Then, a composite optimization control method was set up, which includes the allocation strategy of target output values of HESS, optimal compensation mathematical model of converter with power quality parameter constraints, and internal coordination control strategy of HESS with dynamically adjusting the limiting power. Finally, based on the given working conditions and typical daily measured load data of a traction substation, the simulation analysis and verification were carried out from the following aspects: power flow distribution, power quality improvement, operational condition of battery and supercapacitor, braking power recovery with different mixing degree of HESS. The results show that, the system and its control method can achieve the multi-directional transfer, storage and release of energy on demand, which realizes the reasonable utilization of regenerative braking energy. Moreover, it can effectively reduce the sequence current of system side and improve the average power factor. The reasonable power distribution between battery and supercapacitor is beneficial to improve the power supply reliability and long-term operation ability of HESS.
引文
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[2]丁荣军,张志学,李红波.轨道交通能源互联网的思考[J].机车电传动,2016(1):1-5.Ding Rongjun,Zhang Zhixue,Li Hongbo.An overview on rail transit energy internet[J].Electric Drive for Locomotives,2016(1):1-5(in Chinese).
[3]胡婧娴,林仕立,宋文吉,等.城市轨道交通储能系统及其应用进展[J].储能科学与技术,2014,3(2):106-116.Hu Jingxian,Lin Shili,Song Wenji,et al.Energy storage for urban rail transportation[J].Energy Storage Science and Technology,2014,3(2):106-116(in Chinese).
[4]姜君.城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量利用系统方案对比分析[J].现代城市轨道交通,2017(9):1-4.Jiang Jun.Comparison and analysis of transit train regenerative braking energy utilization system solutions[J].Modern Urban Transit,2017(9):1-4(in Chinese).
[5]Ceraolo M,Lutzemberger G,Meli E,et al.Energy storage systems to exploit regenerative braking in DC railway systems:different approaches to improve efficiency of modern high-speed trains[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2018,16:269-279.
[6]罗培,黄强,李司琦,等.V/v接线牵引变电所负序和无功综合优化控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5266-5274.Luo Pei,Huang Qiang,Li Siqi,et al.Negative sequence current and reactive power comprehensive optimizing control of V/v connected traction substations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5266-5274(in Chinese).
[7]Luo An,Ma Fujun,Wu Chuanping,et al.A dual-loop control strategy of railway static power regulator under V/v electric traction system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(7):2079-2091.
[8]Lin Shili,Song Wenji,Luo Ling,et al.Research on the capacity of hybrid energy storage system and Its control method in rail transit traction grid[C]//2015 International Conference on Smart Grid and Clean Energy Technologies.Offenburg,Germany:IEEE,2015:103-106.
[9]林仕立,宋文吉,冯自平,等.地铁混合储能系统及其功率动态分配控制方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(12):2829-2835.Lin Shili,Song Wenji,Feng Ziping,et al.Hybrid energy storage system of metro and its control methodon power dynamic allocation[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(12):2829-2835(in Chinese).
[10]Dutta O,Saleh M,Mohamed A.HESS in DC rail transit system:optimal sizing and system design[C]//2017 IEEE6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications.San Diego,CA:IEEE,2017:908-913.
[11]De La Torre S,Sánchez-Racero A J,Aguado J A,et al.Optimal sizing of energy storage for regenerative braking in electric railway systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1492-1500.
[12]Aguado J A,Sánchez Racero A J,De La Torre S.Optimal operation of electric railways with renewable energy and electric storage systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(2):993-1001.
[13]张志学,罗文广,何多昌,等.电气化铁路牵引供电储能装置及其方法:中国,CN103840477B[P].2015-09-23.Zhang Zhixue,Luo Wenguang,He Duochang,et al.Electrified railway traction power supply and energy storage device and method thereof:CN,CN103840477B[P].2015-09-23(in Chinese).
[14]张志学,罗文广,尚敬,等.用于电气化铁路的电能调节装置及其方法:中国,CN103840450B[P].2016-03-23.Zhang Zhixue,Luo Wenguang,Shang Jing,et al.Electric energy regulation device and method for electrified railways:CN,CN103840450B[P].2016-03-23(in Chinese).
[15]胡海涛,郑政,何正友,等.交通能源互联网体系架构及关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):12-24.Hu Haitao,Zheng Zheng,He Zhengyou,et al.The framework and key technologies of traffic energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):12-24(in Chinese).
[16]吴传平,罗安,徐先勇,等.采用V/v变压器的高速铁路牵引供电系统负序和谐波综合补偿方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(16):111-117.Wu Chuanping,Luo An,Xu Xianyong,et al.Integrative compensation method of negative phase sequence and harmonic for high-speed railway traction supply system with V/v transformer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(16):111-117(in Chinese).
[17]于坤山,周胜军,王同勋,等.电气化铁路供电与电能质量[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.Yu Kunshan,Zhou Shengjun,Wang Tongxun,et al.Electric railway power supply and power quality[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2010(in Chinese).
[18]邬明亮,戴朝华,邓文丽,等.电气化铁路背靠背光伏发电系统及控制策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):541-547.Wu Mingliang,Dai Chaohua,Deng Wenli,et al.Back-toback PV generation system and its control strategy for electrified railway[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):541-547(in Chinese).
[19]马伟,王玮,吴学智,等.光储协调互补平抑功率波动策略及经济性分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):730-737.Ma Wei,Wang Wei,Wu Xuezhi,et al.Coordinated control strategy of photovoltaics and energy storage for smoothing power fluctuations of photovoltaics and economic analysis[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):730-737(in Chinese).
[20]程志江,李永东,谢永流,等.带超级电容的光伏发电微网系统混合储能控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2739-2745.Cheng Zhijiang,Li Yongdong,Xie Yongliu,et al.Control strategy for hybrid energy storage of photovoltaic generation microgrid system with super capacitor[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2739-2745(in Chinese).
[21]田春光,田利,李德鑫,等.基于混合储能系统跟踪光伏发电输出功率的控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):75-83.Tian Chunguang,Tian Li,Li Dexin,et al.Control strategy for tracking the output power of photovoltaic power generation based on hybrid energy storage system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):75-83(in Chinese).