火烧干扰对喀斯特地区大型土壤节肢动物群落的影响
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摘要
为弄清喀斯特地区不同火烧干扰对大型土壤节肢动物的影响,于2015年10月、2016年1月、4月和7月使用手捡法对火烧、火烧+垦殖和自然林大型土壤节肢动物进行调查。4次调查共获得大型土壤节肢动物214只,隶属5纲15目38科54类,优势类群为金龟甲科幼虫(Scarabaeidae larvae)。主成分分析显示,火烧+垦殖和火烧干扰明显影响大型土壤节肢动物群落组成。火烧+垦殖、火烧和自然林大型土壤节肢动物类群数、密度、Shan-non多样性指数和各功能类群密度均无显著差异。火烧处理下类群数、密度、Shannon多样性指数和火烧+垦殖处理下杂食性功能群密度季节差异显著(P<0.05),不同干扰方式下捕食性功能群密度季节波动明显(P<0.05)。Shannon多样性指数与土壤有效磷显著相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,不同干扰对大型土壤节肢动物季节变化影响不同,这可能与干扰形式和火烧迹地恢复时间有关。
Soil macroarthropods,an important component of ecosystems,play a key role in maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning. Here,we investigated soil macroarthropod community composition by hand sorting method to examine the effects of fire disturbance on soil macroarthropod at sites treated with burning and burning + reclamation,and a natural forest in karst of south Guizhou in October of 2015 and January,April and July of 2016. A total of 214 individuals were captured,belonging to five classes,15 orders,38 families and 54 groups. Scarabaeidae larvae were the dominant group of the soil macroarthropod community. The results from the principal component analysis showed that the community structure of soil macroarthropod differed obviously under different treatments. There were no significant differences in the group number,density,Shannon index and the density of each functional group of soil macroarthropod among the different treatments. Fire had significant impacts on seasonal variations of group number,density,Shannon index and the density of omnivore group. Seasonal variations of predator group were observed under different treatments. Soil available phosphorus concentration was significantly correlated with Shannon index of soil macroarthropod community. Our results indicated that different disturbances had different effects on seasonal variations of soil macroarthropod,which is possibly related to disturbance type and recovery time of burned areas.
Soil macroarthropods,an important component of ecosystems,play a key role in maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning. Here,we investigated soil macroarthropod community composition by hand sorting method to examine the effects of fire disturbance on soil macroarthropod at sites treated with burning and burning + reclamation,and a natural forest in karst of south Guizhou in October of 2015 and January,April and July of 2016. A total of 214 individuals were captured,belonging to five classes,15 orders,38 families and 54 groups. Scarabaeidae larvae were the dominant group of the soil macroarthropod community. The results from the principal component analysis showed that the community structure of soil macroarthropod differed obviously under different treatments. There were no significant differences in the group number,density,Shannon index and the density of each functional group of soil macroarthropod among the different treatments. Fire had significant impacts on seasonal variations of group number,density,Shannon index and the density of omnivore group. Seasonal variations of predator group were observed under different treatments. Soil available phosphorus concentration was significantly correlated with Shannon index of soil macroarthropod community. Our results indicated that different disturbances had different effects on seasonal variations of soil macroarthropod,which is possibly related to disturbance type and recovery time of burned areas.
引文
安宏锋,安裕伦,袁士聪,等.2010.贵州省石漠化敏感性的动态演变与模拟预测.中国农学通报,26(13):388-395.
陈利顶,傅伯杰.2000.干扰的类型、特征及其生态学意义.生态学报,20(4):581-586.
邓晓保,邹寿青,付先惠,等.2003.西双版纳热带雨林不同土地利用方式对土壤动物个体数量的影响.生态学报,23(1):130-138.
韩立亮,王勇,王广力,等.2007.洞庭湖湿地与农田土壤动物多样性研究.生物多样性,15(2):199-206.
李萌,吴鹏飞,王永.2015.贡嘎山东坡典型植被类型土壤动物群落特征.生态学报,35(7):2295-2307.
李瑞玲,王世杰,张殿发.2002.贵州喀斯特地区生态环境恶化的人为因素分析.矿物岩石地球化学通报,21(1):43-47.
林英华,孙家宝,刘海良,等.2006.黑龙江帽儿山土壤动物群落组成与多样性分析.林业科学,42(4):71-77.
刘任涛,赵哈林.2012.沙质草地生境中大型土壤动物对土地沙漠化的响应.生态学报,32(2):557-566.
刘任涛,朱凡,贺达汉,等.2014.草地开垦对土壤动物多样性与功能群结构的影响.中国草地学报,36(6):34-40.
龙健.2005.贵州喀斯特地区土壤障碍因素分析及其调控对策.土壤通报,36(5):795-798.
卢萍,徐演鹏,谭飞,等.2013.黑土区农田土壤节肢动物群落与土壤理化性质的关系.中国农业科学,46(9):1848-1856.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析法.北京:中国农业出版社.
彭晚霞,王克林,宋同清,等.2008.喀斯特脆弱生态系统复合退化控制与重建模式.生态学报,28(2):811-820.
田秀玲,夏婧,夏焕柏,等.2011.贵州省森林生物量及其空间格局.应用生态学报,22(2):287-294.
吴鹏飞,杨大星.2011.若尔盖高寒草甸退化对中小型土壤动物群落的影响.生态学报,31(13):3745-3757.
肖能文,刘向辉,戈峰,等.2009.高黎贡山自然保护区大型土壤动物群落特征.生态学报,29(7):3576-3584.
肖云丹,鞠洪波,张雄清,等.2011.黔南地区气象因子与森林火灾发生次数之间的关系.林业科学,47(10):128-133.
徐国良,周国逸,莫江明.2006.南亚热带退化植被重建中土壤动物群落变化.动物学研究,27(1):23-28.
杨大星,杨茂发,尚小丽,等.2012.黔南喀斯特不同火烧迹地土壤动物群落特征比较.西南农业学报,25(6):2190-2197.
杨大星,杨茂发,徐进,等.2013.马尾松人工林火烧迹地不同恢复阶段中小型土壤节肢动物多样性.生态学报,33(8):2531-2544.
杨效东,唐勇,唐建纬.2001.热带次生林火烧前后土壤节肢动物群落组成和分布特征的变化.生态学杂志,20(5):32-35.
尹文英.1998.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社.
喻理飞,朱守谦,叶镜中,等.2002a.退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中群落动态研究.林业科学,38(1):1-7.
喻理飞,朱守谦,叶镜中,等.2002.人为干扰与喀斯特森林退落退化及评价研究.应用生态学报,13(5):529-532.
袁帅,武晓东,付和平,等.2011.不同干扰下荒漠啮齿动物群落多样性的多尺度分析.生态学报,31(7):1982-1992.
张雪萍,张淑花,李景科.2006.大兴安岭火烧迹地土壤动物生态地理分析.地理研究,25(2):327-334.
钟觉民.1990.幼虫分类学.北京:农业出版社.
朱守谦,魏鲁明,陈正仁,等.1995.茂兰喀斯特森林生物量构成初步研究.植物生态学报,19(4):358-367.
Battigelli JP,Spence JR,Langor DW,et al.2004.Short-term impact of forest soil compaction and organic matter removal on soil mesofauna density and oribatid mite diversity.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,34:1136-1149.
Bender SF,Wagg C,van der Heijden MGA.2016.An underground revolution:Biodiversity and soil ecological engineering for agricultural sustainability.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,31:440-452.
Chang L,Wang BF,Liu XH,et al.2017.Recovery of Collembola in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations.Pedosphere,27:129-137.
Dawes-Gromadzki TZ.2007.Short-term effects of low intensity fire on soil macroinvertebrate assemblages in different vegetation patch types in an Australian tropical savanna.Austral Ecology,32:663-668.
Gongalsky KB,Persson T.2013.Recovery of soil macrofauna after wildfires in boreal forests.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,57:182-191.
Heisler C,Kaiser E.1995.Influence of agricultural traffic and crop management on collembola and microbial biomass in arable soil.Biology and Fertility of Soils,19:159-165.
Korboulewsky N,Perez G,Chauvat M.2016.How tree diversity affects soil fauna diversity:A review.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,94:94-106.
Krab EJ,Aerts R,Berg MP,et al.2014.Northern peatland Collembola communities unaffected by three summers of simulated extreme precipitation.Applied Soil Ecology,79:70-76.
Kwon TS,Kim YS,Lee SW,et al.2016.Changes of soil arthropod communities in temperate forests over 10 years(1998-2007).Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology,19:181-189.
Loranger-Merciris G,Imbert D,Bernhard-Reversat F,et al.2007.Soil fauna abundance and diversity in a secondary semi-evergreen forest in Guadeloupe(Lesser Antilles)influence of soil type and dominant tree species.Biology and Fertility of Soils,44:269-276.
Malmstrm A.2010.The importance of measuring fire severity:Evidence from microarthropod studies.Forest Ecology and Management,260:62-70.
Schon NL,Mackay AD,Minor MA,et al.2008.Soil fauna in grazed New Zealand hill country pastures at two management intensities.Applied Soil Ecology,40:218-228.
Soliveres S,Plas FVD,Manning P,et al.2016.Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality.Nature,536:456-459.
Thomas F,Folgarait P,Lavelle P,et al.2004.Soil macrofaunal communities along an abandoned rice field chronosequence in Northern Argentina.Applied Soil Ecology,27:23-29.
Wikars LO,Schimmel J.2001.Immediate effects of fire-severity on soil invertebrates in cut and uncut pine forests.Forest Ecology and Management,141:189-200.
Yang XD,Chen J.2009.Plant litter quality influences the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in humid tropical forests,southwestern China.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,41:910-918.
Zhu D,Ke X,Wu L,et al.2016.Ecotoxicity of cadmium in a soil collembolan-predatory mite food chain:Can we use the15N labeled litter addition method to assess soil functional change?Environmental Pollution,219:37-46.
Zaitsev AS,Gongalsky KB,Persson T,et al.2014.Connectivity of litter islands remaining after a fire and unburnt forest determines the recovery of soil fauna.Applied Soil Ecology,83:101-108.
陈利顶,傅伯杰.2000.干扰的类型、特征及其生态学意义.生态学报,20(4):581-586.
邓晓保,邹寿青,付先惠,等.2003.西双版纳热带雨林不同土地利用方式对土壤动物个体数量的影响.生态学报,23(1):130-138.
韩立亮,王勇,王广力,等.2007.洞庭湖湿地与农田土壤动物多样性研究.生物多样性,15(2):199-206.
李萌,吴鹏飞,王永.2015.贡嘎山东坡典型植被类型土壤动物群落特征.生态学报,35(7):2295-2307.
李瑞玲,王世杰,张殿发.2002.贵州喀斯特地区生态环境恶化的人为因素分析.矿物岩石地球化学通报,21(1):43-47.
林英华,孙家宝,刘海良,等.2006.黑龙江帽儿山土壤动物群落组成与多样性分析.林业科学,42(4):71-77.
刘任涛,赵哈林.2012.沙质草地生境中大型土壤动物对土地沙漠化的响应.生态学报,32(2):557-566.
刘任涛,朱凡,贺达汉,等.2014.草地开垦对土壤动物多样性与功能群结构的影响.中国草地学报,36(6):34-40.
龙健.2005.贵州喀斯特地区土壤障碍因素分析及其调控对策.土壤通报,36(5):795-798.
卢萍,徐演鹏,谭飞,等.2013.黑土区农田土壤节肢动物群落与土壤理化性质的关系.中国农业科学,46(9):1848-1856.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析法.北京:中国农业出版社.
彭晚霞,王克林,宋同清,等.2008.喀斯特脆弱生态系统复合退化控制与重建模式.生态学报,28(2):811-820.
田秀玲,夏婧,夏焕柏,等.2011.贵州省森林生物量及其空间格局.应用生态学报,22(2):287-294.
吴鹏飞,杨大星.2011.若尔盖高寒草甸退化对中小型土壤动物群落的影响.生态学报,31(13):3745-3757.
肖能文,刘向辉,戈峰,等.2009.高黎贡山自然保护区大型土壤动物群落特征.生态学报,29(7):3576-3584.
肖云丹,鞠洪波,张雄清,等.2011.黔南地区气象因子与森林火灾发生次数之间的关系.林业科学,47(10):128-133.
徐国良,周国逸,莫江明.2006.南亚热带退化植被重建中土壤动物群落变化.动物学研究,27(1):23-28.
杨大星,杨茂发,尚小丽,等.2012.黔南喀斯特不同火烧迹地土壤动物群落特征比较.西南农业学报,25(6):2190-2197.
杨大星,杨茂发,徐进,等.2013.马尾松人工林火烧迹地不同恢复阶段中小型土壤节肢动物多样性.生态学报,33(8):2531-2544.
杨效东,唐勇,唐建纬.2001.热带次生林火烧前后土壤节肢动物群落组成和分布特征的变化.生态学杂志,20(5):32-35.
尹文英.1998.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社.
喻理飞,朱守谦,叶镜中,等.2002a.退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中群落动态研究.林业科学,38(1):1-7.
喻理飞,朱守谦,叶镜中,等.2002.人为干扰与喀斯特森林退落退化及评价研究.应用生态学报,13(5):529-532.
袁帅,武晓东,付和平,等.2011.不同干扰下荒漠啮齿动物群落多样性的多尺度分析.生态学报,31(7):1982-1992.
张雪萍,张淑花,李景科.2006.大兴安岭火烧迹地土壤动物生态地理分析.地理研究,25(2):327-334.
钟觉民.1990.幼虫分类学.北京:农业出版社.
朱守谦,魏鲁明,陈正仁,等.1995.茂兰喀斯特森林生物量构成初步研究.植物生态学报,19(4):358-367.
Battigelli JP,Spence JR,Langor DW,et al.2004.Short-term impact of forest soil compaction and organic matter removal on soil mesofauna density and oribatid mite diversity.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,34:1136-1149.
Bender SF,Wagg C,van der Heijden MGA.2016.An underground revolution:Biodiversity and soil ecological engineering for agricultural sustainability.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,31:440-452.
Chang L,Wang BF,Liu XH,et al.2017.Recovery of Collembola in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations.Pedosphere,27:129-137.
Dawes-Gromadzki TZ.2007.Short-term effects of low intensity fire on soil macroinvertebrate assemblages in different vegetation patch types in an Australian tropical savanna.Austral Ecology,32:663-668.
Gongalsky KB,Persson T.2013.Recovery of soil macrofauna after wildfires in boreal forests.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,57:182-191.
Heisler C,Kaiser E.1995.Influence of agricultural traffic and crop management on collembola and microbial biomass in arable soil.Biology and Fertility of Soils,19:159-165.
Korboulewsky N,Perez G,Chauvat M.2016.How tree diversity affects soil fauna diversity:A review.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,94:94-106.
Krab EJ,Aerts R,Berg MP,et al.2014.Northern peatland Collembola communities unaffected by three summers of simulated extreme precipitation.Applied Soil Ecology,79:70-76.
Kwon TS,Kim YS,Lee SW,et al.2016.Changes of soil arthropod communities in temperate forests over 10 years(1998-2007).Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology,19:181-189.
Loranger-Merciris G,Imbert D,Bernhard-Reversat F,et al.2007.Soil fauna abundance and diversity in a secondary semi-evergreen forest in Guadeloupe(Lesser Antilles)influence of soil type and dominant tree species.Biology and Fertility of Soils,44:269-276.
Malmstrm A.2010.The importance of measuring fire severity:Evidence from microarthropod studies.Forest Ecology and Management,260:62-70.
Schon NL,Mackay AD,Minor MA,et al.2008.Soil fauna in grazed New Zealand hill country pastures at two management intensities.Applied Soil Ecology,40:218-228.
Soliveres S,Plas FVD,Manning P,et al.2016.Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality.Nature,536:456-459.
Thomas F,Folgarait P,Lavelle P,et al.2004.Soil macrofaunal communities along an abandoned rice field chronosequence in Northern Argentina.Applied Soil Ecology,27:23-29.
Wikars LO,Schimmel J.2001.Immediate effects of fire-severity on soil invertebrates in cut and uncut pine forests.Forest Ecology and Management,141:189-200.
Yang XD,Chen J.2009.Plant litter quality influences the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in humid tropical forests,southwestern China.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,41:910-918.
Zhu D,Ke X,Wu L,et al.2016.Ecotoxicity of cadmium in a soil collembolan-predatory mite food chain:Can we use the15N labeled litter addition method to assess soil functional change?Environmental Pollution,219:37-46.
Zaitsev AS,Gongalsky KB,Persson T,et al.2014.Connectivity of litter islands remaining after a fire and unburnt forest determines the recovery of soil fauna.Applied Soil Ecology,83:101-108.