新疆主要城县1993—2013年极大风速时空变化特征分析
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摘要
大风在地表裸露的沙尘源地及其附近形成沙尘暴灾害,使土壤风蚀、沙化,增加沙尘频次和恶化空气质量,破坏生态环境,危害农业生产。因此,深入研究生态环境相对脆弱的新疆地区的极大风速风向特征,对于防灾减灾,治理活化沙丘及实现本区的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。以新疆地区71个站点的最新资料为基础,探究新疆地区1993—2013年极大风速的时间演变现象和空间分布特征,给出新疆地区年、月极大风速出现日数的分布及风速方向特征。研究得出:1993—2013年间乌恰县风速大于17 m/s的日数最多,和田市最少;总共16天。极大风速日数最高值出现在1999年,全疆总大风日为257天;最低值在2013年,全疆总大风日为69天。春夏季大风日数大于秋冬季。新疆主要城县极大风速方向有明显差异,天山以东主要为东南、东北方向;天山以北主要为西北、东北方向;天山以南主要为东北、西北方向;天山以西主要为东南、西北方向。
Sandstorms are formed around the surface of exposed dust sources by wind, which make soil drifting and desertification, increase the frequency of dust storms and deteriorate air quality, damage the ecological environment and agricultural production. Therefore, it is quite important to study the characteristics of maximum wind speed and wind direction in Xinjiang, whose ecological environment is relatively fragile, and the study is of great significance to the disaster prevention and reduction, the management of activated dune and sustainable development. Based on the latest data of 71 sites in Xinjiang, we explored the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of maximum wind speed from 1993 to 2013, and analyzed the distribution of annual and monthly maximum wind speed and the characteristics of wind direction. The results showed that Ulugqat county had the most maximum wind speed(>17 m/s) days from 1993 to 2013, and the number of days in Khotan was the minimum of 16 days. The highest value of maximum wind speed days appeared in 1999,totally 257 days in Xinjiang; the lowest was in 2013 of 69 days. Spring and summer wind days were greater than that of autumn and winter. There were obvious differences in the direction of the maximum wind speed inmajor cities and counties of Xinjiang. The maximum wind speed in the east of Tianshan Mountain was mainly southeast and northeast direction, that in the north of Tianshan was mainly northwest and northeast direction,that in the south of Tianshan was mainly northwest and northeast direction, and that in the west of Tianshan was southeast and northwest direction.
Sandstorms are formed around the surface of exposed dust sources by wind, which make soil drifting and desertification, increase the frequency of dust storms and deteriorate air quality, damage the ecological environment and agricultural production. Therefore, it is quite important to study the characteristics of maximum wind speed and wind direction in Xinjiang, whose ecological environment is relatively fragile, and the study is of great significance to the disaster prevention and reduction, the management of activated dune and sustainable development. Based on the latest data of 71 sites in Xinjiang, we explored the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of maximum wind speed from 1993 to 2013, and analyzed the distribution of annual and monthly maximum wind speed and the characteristics of wind direction. The results showed that Ulugqat county had the most maximum wind speed(>17 m/s) days from 1993 to 2013, and the number of days in Khotan was the minimum of 16 days. The highest value of maximum wind speed days appeared in 1999,totally 257 days in Xinjiang; the lowest was in 2013 of 69 days. Spring and summer wind days were greater than that of autumn and winter. There were obvious differences in the direction of the maximum wind speed inmajor cities and counties of Xinjiang. The maximum wind speed in the east of Tianshan Mountain was mainly southeast and northeast direction, that in the north of Tianshan was mainly northwest and northeast direction,that in the south of Tianshan was mainly northwest and northeast direction, and that in the west of Tianshan was southeast and northwest direction.
引文
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[2] Gao L, Miao C M, Mao Y D, et al. Typhoon hazardin Zhejiang Province and risk assessment of its influence on agriculture[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2008,17(5):113-119.
[3]陈兵,邱辉,赵巧华.江苏省年最大风速的时空分布及突变分析[J].气象科学,2010,30(2):214-220.
[4] Chen B, QiU H, Zhao Q H. The spatial and temporal distribution of annual maximum wind speed in Jiangsu Province and analyses on its abrupt change[J].Scientia Meteorologic Sinica,2010,30(2):214-220.
[5] Xu M, Chang C P, Fu C B. Steady decline of East Asian monsoon winds,1969—2000:Evidence from direct ground measurements of wind speed[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111,D24.
[6]李耀辉,张存杰,高学杰.西北地区大风日数的时空分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(6):715-723.
[7] Li Y H, Zhang C J, Gao X J. Temporal and spatial characteristics of gale weather over Northwest China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2004,24(6):715-723.
[8]马芹,张晓萍,万龙,等.1957—2009年黄土高原地区风速变化趋势[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(12):2123-2125.
[9]许炯心.基于气候地貌植被耦合的黄河中游侵蚀过程[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:53-57.
[10]李耀辉,张存杰,高学杰.西北地区大风日数的时空分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(6):715-723.
[11]潘亮东,朱鹏,陈超,陈尚云.江苏省盐城市大丰区沿海大风特征分析[J].河南农业,2017(8):31-32.
[12]曹梅.西安城市与郊区风向风速差异分析[A].中国气象学会.第33届中国气象学会年会S5应对气候变化、低碳发展与生态文明建设[C].中国气象学会,2016:5.
[13]蔡浩.风速威布尔分布参数估算方法的比较[J].统计与决策,2016(16):73-75.
[14]李岩瑛,张强,张爱萍,等.干旱半干旱区边界层变化特征及其影响因子分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(2):385-396.
[15]郭小芹,刘明春,陈立夫,等.河西东部设施农业风灾指标设计及其特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(8):122-128.
[16]曹梅,杨珍,王斌.西安城区与郊区风向风速差异分析[J].陕西气象,2016(2):19-23.
[17]王耀辉,祁文军.极端环境对MW级风力发电机轮毂特性的影响分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2016(1):107-109.
[18] Zhong Q W, Wen J J, Li R Z, et al. Maximum wind power tracking based on cloud RBF neural network[J].Renewable Energy,2016,86.
[19]王传辉.近几十年安徽省风的分布特征[A].中国气象学会.第32届中国气象学会年会S5干旱陆面过程与气候变化[C].中国气象学会,2015:13.
[20]史军,徐家良,谈建国,等.上海地区不同重现期的风速估算研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(9):1191-1197.
[21]林中鹏,林辉阳,谢启杰.福建沿海最大风速与极大风速线性回归分析[J].农业灾害研究,2015,5(11):51-52.