普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站的生物样地建设与监测工作
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摘要
生长和适应于喀斯特地貌环境的生态系统,即喀斯特生态系统,因人类活动干扰和石漠化进程影响,其结构和功能均发生退化,因此,定位、长期监测喀斯特生态系统的组成、结构、过程和功能,以及人类活动的影响和响应,对研究该类特殊生态系统的格局和动态变化具有重要意义。作为中国科学院生态系统观测网络(CERN)仅有的两个喀斯特台站之一,普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站的生物监测总目标是开展喀斯特高原常绿落叶阔叶混交林的植被生态学(结构、过程、功能)监测与研究,及其退化植被的恢复生态学示范,建立喀斯特植被恢复与重建的优化模式和范式。本文初步介绍了普定站的生物观测网络,以普定县后寨河流域的天龙山常绿落叶阔叶混交林样地作为永久监测样地(主观测场),以陈旗不同干扰方式下的植被恢复样地、赵家田皆伐样地、沙湾主站址退耕样地作为辅助监测样地(辅观测场),以高羊河流域陈家寨坡耕地恢复和滇柏林改造样地作为生态重建示范样地(辅观测场),配合流域内外诸多样地与试验点(站区调查点),可初步定位监测和预测代表性喀斯特森林和灌丛的长期变化与未来发展趋势。
The ecosystem grown in and adapted to the habitat of karst morphology,the so-called"karst ecosystem",is very special and vulnerable to human disturbances and rocky desertification,leading to degradations in its structure and functions. It is therefore necessary and significant to permanently and long-term monitor compositions,structures,processes and functions of karst ecosystem as well as impacts from and responses to human disturbances,in order to explore its pattern and dynamic of this ecosystem. As one of the only two monitoring and research stations of karst ecosystems of the China Ecosystem Research Network( CERN),the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station( hereafter Puding station) aims to build up biological monitoring plots to investigate the structure,processes and functioning of the evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest on the Guizhou Plateau,and to demonstrate the ecological restoration of the degraded vegetation on karst terrain. The final destination is to establish an optimized paradigm of vegetation restoration and recovery in karst region,and to enhance ecological service of karst ecosystems. The monitoring network of the station is mainly set in the Houzhai River Watershed,a karst peak-depression landform in the central Guizhou Plateau with a total area of 82km~2: one primary site at Tianlongshan( evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest permanent plot) and four subsidiary sites( six human-disturbed plots at Chenqi,a clear cutting plot at Zhaojiatian,and an abandoned crop plot at Shawan).Another demonstration site is built in the Gaoyang River Watershed: one subsidiary site with nine vegetation restoration plots at Chenjiazhai. Various investigation plots and sites are widely distributed in these two watersheds and in other regions of the Guizhou Plateau. Such biological monitoring network of the Puding station can be potentially used to investigate and predict long-term changes and future development of the representative karst forest and shrubland in southwestern China.
The ecosystem grown in and adapted to the habitat of karst morphology,the so-called"karst ecosystem",is very special and vulnerable to human disturbances and rocky desertification,leading to degradations in its structure and functions. It is therefore necessary and significant to permanently and long-term monitor compositions,structures,processes and functions of karst ecosystem as well as impacts from and responses to human disturbances,in order to explore its pattern and dynamic of this ecosystem. As one of the only two monitoring and research stations of karst ecosystems of the China Ecosystem Research Network( CERN),the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station( hereafter Puding station) aims to build up biological monitoring plots to investigate the structure,processes and functioning of the evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest on the Guizhou Plateau,and to demonstrate the ecological restoration of the degraded vegetation on karst terrain. The final destination is to establish an optimized paradigm of vegetation restoration and recovery in karst region,and to enhance ecological service of karst ecosystems. The monitoring network of the station is mainly set in the Houzhai River Watershed,a karst peak-depression landform in the central Guizhou Plateau with a total area of 82km~2: one primary site at Tianlongshan( evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest permanent plot) and four subsidiary sites( six human-disturbed plots at Chenqi,a clear cutting plot at Zhaojiatian,and an abandoned crop plot at Shawan).Another demonstration site is built in the Gaoyang River Watershed: one subsidiary site with nine vegetation restoration plots at Chenjiazhai. Various investigation plots and sites are widely distributed in these two watersheds and in other regions of the Guizhou Plateau. Such biological monitoring network of the Puding station can be potentially used to investigate and predict long-term changes and future development of the representative karst forest and shrubland in southwestern China.
引文
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[8]中国生态系统研究网络科学委员会(吴冬秀主编)[M].陆地生态系统生物观测规范.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007.
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[11]王世杰,卢红梅,周运超,等.茂兰喀斯特原始森林土壤有机碳的空间变异性与代表性土样采集方法[J].土壤学报,2007,44(3):475-483.
[2]王世杰,张信宝,白晓永.2013.南方喀斯特石漠化分区的名称商榷与环境特点[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):18-24.
[3]王世杰,张信宝,白晓永.中国南方喀斯特地貌分区纲要[J].山地学报,2015,33(6):641-648.
[4]刘长成,魏雅芬,刘玉国,等.贵州普定喀斯特次生林乔灌层地上生物量[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):698-705.
[5]Zhang Z H,Hu G,Zhu J D.et al.Stand structure,woody species richness and composition of subtropical karst forests in Maolan,south-west China[J].Journal of Tropical Forest Science,2012,24(4):498-506.
[6]王世杰,李阳兵,李瑞玲.喀斯特石漠化的形成背景、演化与治理[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):657-666.
[7]张新时.关于生态重建和生态恢复的思辨及其科学涵义与发展途径[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):112-118.
[8]中国生态系统研究网络科学委员会(吴冬秀主编)[M].陆地生态系统生物观测规范.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007.
[9]Liu L B,Wu Y Y,Hu G,et al.Biomass of karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in central Guizhou province,southwestern China:A comprehensive inventory of a 2ha plot[J].Silva Fennica,2016,50(3):article id 1492.
[10]Brantley S L,Goldhaber M B,Ragnarsdottir K V.Crossing disciplines and scales to understand the Critical Zone[J].Elements,2007,3:307-314.
[11]王世杰,卢红梅,周运超,等.茂兰喀斯特原始森林土壤有机碳的空间变异性与代表性土样采集方法[J].土壤学报,2007,44(3):475-483.