青少年意义幸福倾向与生活满意度:善良人性感知与亲社会行为的作用
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摘要
为探讨青少年意义幸福倾向对生活满意度的影响及心理机制,本研究采用问卷法,以意义幸福倾向问卷、善良人性感知问卷、青少年亲社会行为量表和生活满意度量表为测量工具,对749名中学生进行调查。结果发现:(1)青少年意义幸福倾向显著正向预测生活满意度;(2)亲社会行为在青少年意义幸福倾向与生活满意度之间起完全中介作用;(3)该中介效应的前半路径即青少年意义幸福倾向对亲社会行为的直接效应受到善良人性感知的调节。
The present study aims to explore the effect of adolescents' eudaimonic orientation on their life satisfaction and its mental mechanism,by testing 749 secondary school students with the eudaimonic orientation scale,the questionnaire for the perception of virtuous humanity,the adolescents' prosocial behavior scale,and the satisfaction with life scale. The results show the following:( 1) The adolescents' eudaimonic orientation could be used to significantly and positively predict their life satisfaction;( 2) their prosocial behavior fully mediated between their eudaimonic orientation and life satisfaction; and( 3) the direct effect of their eudaimonic orientation on their prosocial behavior was moderated by their perception of virtuous humanity.
The present study aims to explore the effect of adolescents' eudaimonic orientation on their life satisfaction and its mental mechanism,by testing 749 secondary school students with the eudaimonic orientation scale,the questionnaire for the perception of virtuous humanity,the adolescents' prosocial behavior scale,and the satisfaction with life scale. The results show the following:( 1) The adolescents' eudaimonic orientation could be used to significantly and positively predict their life satisfaction;( 2) their prosocial behavior fully mediated between their eudaimonic orientation and life satisfaction; and( 3) the direct effect of their eudaimonic orientation on their prosocial behavior was moderated by their perception of virtuous humanity.
引文
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(2) 54 Seligman M E P.Flourish:A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being.New York:Simon and Schuster,2012,302-303
(3) 55 Ryff C D.Happiness is everything,or is it?Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1989,57(6):1069-1081
(4) 11 39 51 57 Peterson C,Park N,Seligman M E P.Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction:The full life versus the empty life.Journal of Happiness Studies,2005,6(1):25-41
(5) 6 Ryan R M,Deci E L.On happiness and human potentials:A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.Annual Review of Psychology,2001,52(1):141-166
(7) 16 28 Huta V,Ryan R M.Pursuing pleasure or virtue:The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives.Journal of Happiness Studies,2010,11(6):735-762
8 杨慊,程巍,贺文洁,等.追求意义能带来幸福吗?心理科学进展,2016,24(9):1496-1503
9 Diener E.Assessing subjective well-being:Progress and opportunities.Social Indicators Research,1994,31(2):103-157
(10) 44 56 Diener E,Emmons R A,Larsen R J,et al.The satisfaction with life scale.Journal of Personality Assessment,1985,49(1):71-75
(12) 52 Park N,Peterson C,Ruch W.Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction in twenty-seven nations.The Journal of Positive Psychology,2009,4(4):273-279
(13) 53 Chan D W.Subjective well-being of Hong Kong Chinese teachers:The contribution of gratitude,forgiveness,and the orientations to happiness.Teaching and Teacher Education,2013,32:22-30
(14) 22 60 63 Yang Y,Li P,Fu X,et al.Orientations to happiness and subjective well-being in Chinese adolescents:The roles of prosocial behavior and internet addictive behavior.Journal of Happiness Studies,2016:1-16
(17) 29 Fave A D,Brdar I,Freire T,et al.The eudaimonic and hedonic components of happiness:Qualitative and quantitative findings.Social Indicators Research,2011,100(2):185-207
(18) 30 Hallam W T,Olsson C A,O'Connor M,et al.Association between adolescent eudaimonic behaviours and emotional competence in young adulthood.Journal of Happiness Studies,2014,15(5):1165-1177
(19) 43张庆鹏,寇.青少年亲社会行为测评维度的建立与验证.社会学研究,2011,(4):105-121
(20) 58张庆鹏,寇.自我增强取向下的亲社会行为:基于能动性和社交性的行为路径.北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2012,(1):51-57
(21) 59寇,张庆鹏.青少年亲社会行为的概念表征研究.社会学研究,2006,(5):169-187
(23) 64 Law B M,Shek D T.Beliefs about volunteerism,volunteering intention,volunteering behavior,and purpose in life among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.The Scientific World Journal,2009,9:855-865
(24) Caprara G V,Steca P.Self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of prosocial behavior conducive to life satisfaction across ages.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,2005,24(2):191-217
(25) Wheeler J A,Gorey K M,Greenblatt B.The beneficial effects of volunteering for older volunteers and the people they serve:A meta-analysis.International Journal of Aging and Human Development,1998,47(1):69-79
(26) Tian L,Du M,Huebner E S.The effect of gratitude on elementary school students'subjective well-being in schools:The mediating role of prosocial behavior.Social Indicators Research,2015,122(3):887-904
(27) Moynihan D P,Deleire T,Enami K.A life worth living:Evidence on the relationship between prosocial values and happiness.American Review of Public Administration,2015,45(3):1-32
(31) 32 34 42 66张和云,赵欢欢,许燕.青少年善良人性感知、影响因素及后效作用.青年研究,2016,(2):21-29
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(35) 徐浙宁.“90后”青少年人性观实证研究.青年研究,2015,(1):57-66
(36) Harrell W A.Retaliatory aggression by high and low machiavellians against remorseful and non-remorseful wrongdoers.Social Behavior and Personality,1980,8(2):217-220
(37) Lau K S L,Marsee M A.Exploring narcissism,psychopathy,and Machiavellianism in youth:Examination of associations with antisocial behavior and aggression.Journal of Child and Family Studies,2013,22(3):355-367
38 Tang L P,Chen Y J.Intelligence vs.wisdom:The love of money,machiavellianism,and unethical behavior across college major and gender.Journal of Business Ethics,2008,82(1):1-26
40 石霞飞,王芳,左世江.追求快乐还是追求意义?青少年幸福倾向及其对学习行为的影响.心理发展与教育,2015,31(5):586-593
41 Aquino K,Mc Ferran B,Laven M.Moral identity and the experience of moral elevation in response to acts of uncommon goodness.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2011,100(4):703-718
45 周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法.心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950
46 Hayes A F.Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regressionbased approach.New York:Guilford Press,2013
47 Edwards J R,Lambert L S.Methods for integrating moderation and mediation:A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis.Psychological Methods,2007,12(1):1-22
48 Muller D,Judd C M,Yzerbyt V Y.When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2005,89(6):852-863
49 Preacher K J,Rucker D D,Hayes A F.Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses:Theory,methods,and prescriptions.Multivariate Behavioral Research,2007,42(1):185-227
50 Steger M F,Oishi S,Kashdan T B.Meaning in life across the life span:Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood.Journal of Positive Psychology,2009,4(1):43-52
61 Ryff C D,Singer B.The contours of positive human health.Psychological Inquiry,1998,9(1):1-28
62 Scollon C N,King L A.Is the good life the easy life?Social Indicators Research,2004,68(2):127-162
67 Cohen J,Cohen P,West S G,et al.Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences.3rd ed.New Jersey,NJ:Routledge,2003
68 Rueger S Y,Malecki C K,Pyun Y,et al.A metaanalytic review of the association between perceived social support and depression in childhood and adolescence.Psychological Bulletin,2016,142(10):1017-1067
69 Steger M F,Oishi S,Kesebir S.Is a life without meaning satisfying?The moderating role of the search for meaning in satisfaction with life judgments.Journal of Positive Psychology,2011,6(3):173-180
70 Mahmoudi S,Jafari E,Nasrabadi H A,et al.Holistic education:An approach for 21 century.International Education Studies,2012,5(3):178-186
(2) 54 Seligman M E P.Flourish:A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being.New York:Simon and Schuster,2012,302-303
(3) 55 Ryff C D.Happiness is everything,or is it?Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1989,57(6):1069-1081
(4) 11 39 51 57 Peterson C,Park N,Seligman M E P.Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction:The full life versus the empty life.Journal of Happiness Studies,2005,6(1):25-41
(5) 6 Ryan R M,Deci E L.On happiness and human potentials:A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.Annual Review of Psychology,2001,52(1):141-166
(7) 16 28 Huta V,Ryan R M.Pursuing pleasure or virtue:The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives.Journal of Happiness Studies,2010,11(6):735-762
8 杨慊,程巍,贺文洁,等.追求意义能带来幸福吗?心理科学进展,2016,24(9):1496-1503
9 Diener E.Assessing subjective well-being:Progress and opportunities.Social Indicators Research,1994,31(2):103-157
(10) 44 56 Diener E,Emmons R A,Larsen R J,et al.The satisfaction with life scale.Journal of Personality Assessment,1985,49(1):71-75
(12) 52 Park N,Peterson C,Ruch W.Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction in twenty-seven nations.The Journal of Positive Psychology,2009,4(4):273-279
(13) 53 Chan D W.Subjective well-being of Hong Kong Chinese teachers:The contribution of gratitude,forgiveness,and the orientations to happiness.Teaching and Teacher Education,2013,32:22-30
(14) 22 60 63 Yang Y,Li P,Fu X,et al.Orientations to happiness and subjective well-being in Chinese adolescents:The roles of prosocial behavior and internet addictive behavior.Journal of Happiness Studies,2016:1-16
(17) 29 Fave A D,Brdar I,Freire T,et al.The eudaimonic and hedonic components of happiness:Qualitative and quantitative findings.Social Indicators Research,2011,100(2):185-207
(18) 30 Hallam W T,Olsson C A,O'Connor M,et al.Association between adolescent eudaimonic behaviours and emotional competence in young adulthood.Journal of Happiness Studies,2014,15(5):1165-1177
(19) 43张庆鹏,寇.青少年亲社会行为测评维度的建立与验证.社会学研究,2011,(4):105-121
(20) 58张庆鹏,寇.自我增强取向下的亲社会行为:基于能动性和社交性的行为路径.北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2012,(1):51-57
(21) 59寇,张庆鹏.青少年亲社会行为的概念表征研究.社会学研究,2006,(5):169-187
(23) 64 Law B M,Shek D T.Beliefs about volunteerism,volunteering intention,volunteering behavior,and purpose in life among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.The Scientific World Journal,2009,9:855-865
(24) Caprara G V,Steca P.Self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of prosocial behavior conducive to life satisfaction across ages.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,2005,24(2):191-217
(25) Wheeler J A,Gorey K M,Greenblatt B.The beneficial effects of volunteering for older volunteers and the people they serve:A meta-analysis.International Journal of Aging and Human Development,1998,47(1):69-79
(26) Tian L,Du M,Huebner E S.The effect of gratitude on elementary school students'subjective well-being in schools:The mediating role of prosocial behavior.Social Indicators Research,2015,122(3):887-904
(27) Moynihan D P,Deleire T,Enami K.A life worth living:Evidence on the relationship between prosocial values and happiness.American Review of Public Administration,2015,45(3):1-32
(31) 32 34 42 66张和云,赵欢欢,许燕.青少年善良人性感知、影响因素及后效作用.青年研究,2016,(2):21-29
(33) 65 Lerner R,Lerner J,Almerigi J,et al.Dynamics of individual-context relations in human development:A developmental systems perspective.Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology,2006,1:23-43
(35) 徐浙宁.“90后”青少年人性观实证研究.青年研究,2015,(1):57-66
(36) Harrell W A.Retaliatory aggression by high and low machiavellians against remorseful and non-remorseful wrongdoers.Social Behavior and Personality,1980,8(2):217-220
(37) Lau K S L,Marsee M A.Exploring narcissism,psychopathy,and Machiavellianism in youth:Examination of associations with antisocial behavior and aggression.Journal of Child and Family Studies,2013,22(3):355-367
38 Tang L P,Chen Y J.Intelligence vs.wisdom:The love of money,machiavellianism,and unethical behavior across college major and gender.Journal of Business Ethics,2008,82(1):1-26
40 石霞飞,王芳,左世江.追求快乐还是追求意义?青少年幸福倾向及其对学习行为的影响.心理发展与教育,2015,31(5):586-593
41 Aquino K,Mc Ferran B,Laven M.Moral identity and the experience of moral elevation in response to acts of uncommon goodness.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2011,100(4):703-718
45 周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法.心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950
46 Hayes A F.Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regressionbased approach.New York:Guilford Press,2013
47 Edwards J R,Lambert L S.Methods for integrating moderation and mediation:A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis.Psychological Methods,2007,12(1):1-22
48 Muller D,Judd C M,Yzerbyt V Y.When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2005,89(6):852-863
49 Preacher K J,Rucker D D,Hayes A F.Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses:Theory,methods,and prescriptions.Multivariate Behavioral Research,2007,42(1):185-227
50 Steger M F,Oishi S,Kashdan T B.Meaning in life across the life span:Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood.Journal of Positive Psychology,2009,4(1):43-52
61 Ryff C D,Singer B.The contours of positive human health.Psychological Inquiry,1998,9(1):1-28
62 Scollon C N,King L A.Is the good life the easy life?Social Indicators Research,2004,68(2):127-162
67 Cohen J,Cohen P,West S G,et al.Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences.3rd ed.New Jersey,NJ:Routledge,2003
68 Rueger S Y,Malecki C K,Pyun Y,et al.A metaanalytic review of the association between perceived social support and depression in childhood and adolescence.Psychological Bulletin,2016,142(10):1017-1067
69 Steger M F,Oishi S,Kesebir S.Is a life without meaning satisfying?The moderating role of the search for meaning in satisfaction with life judgments.Journal of Positive Psychology,2011,6(3):173-180
70 Mahmoudi S,Jafari E,Nasrabadi H A,et al.Holistic education:An approach for 21 century.International Education Studies,2012,5(3):178-186