摘要
台风暴雨具有强度大、降雨集中的特点,容易在沿海地区中小流域形成局地破坏性洪水灾害,基于高精度地形地貌数据构建分布式水文模型,是实现中小流域洪水模拟和预报的重要手段。以福建闽清县梅溪流域为研究区,基于高精度DEM、土壤和土地利用数据,采用中国山洪水文模型(CNFF-HM),构建了梅溪流域分布式水文模型,以56场实测水文气象资料对模型进行率定和验证,并对2016年7月9日发生的"尼伯特"台风带来的暴雨洪水进行反演。结果显示,构建的分布式水文模型验证和率定效果良好,对"尼伯特"台风暴雨洪水模拟的洪峰流量误差小于20%,确定性系数达到0.96,因此模型能够很好地反映流域短历时强降雨引发的洪水特征,为流域防洪减灾提供可靠的技术支撑。
The typhoon storm has the characteristics of high intensity and concentrated rainfall.It is easy to form local destructive flood disasters in the middle and small-sized watersheds of coastal areas.The distributed hydrological model based on highresolution topographic and geomorphic data is an effective way to forecast flood in small and medium-sized basins.The Meixi River Basin in Minqing County of Fujian Province was selected as out study region.The China Flash Flood Model(CNFFHM),based on the high-resolution DEM,soil data,and land use data,was used to build the distributed hydrological model of the Meixi Basin.Fifty-six hydrological events were used to calibrate and validate the model.The flood caused by the'Niebert'typhoon,which occurred on 9 July 2016,was simulated.The result showed the model performance was good with a less than 20%error for flood peak flow,and a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NSE)of 0.96.Thus the model can reflect the flood characteristics caused by short-term heavy rainfall in the basin,and provide reliable technical support for disaster prevention and reduction in the basin.
引文
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