沿喜马拉雅山地震带特大地震的抗震救灾策略探析
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摘要
目的总结并分析四川大学华西医院参与近10年内发生在沿喜马拉雅山地震带特大地震的成功救治策略,为抗震救灾及有效防灾减灾提供一定的参考依据。方法查阅文献与现场收集并总结分析近10年内四川大学华西医院参与的沿喜马拉雅山地震带的大地震的成功抗震救灾经验与策略。结果四川大学华西医院作为该地区的医疗救援大后方,当地震发生后积极启动应急预案,第一时间派出医疗救援队伍赶赴灾区参与救援,现场积极救援的同时及时妥善转运与处理各种伤病员。在院内统一指挥协调,预留床位,储备救援物资,对转运来的伤病员实施了及时的救治与护理,在院死亡率为0,使地震造成的创伤减至最小。结论应根据地震特征采取恰当科学的救治措施。医疗救援后应总结成功经验,制定科学的应急预案。同时经常演练救援方案,常抓不懈,做到无险预备,有险能积极应对。并牵头组织区域内民众以不同形式学习抗震救灾知识与技能,以提高其防灾救灾素质。
Objective To summarize and analyze the successful rescue strategies of the earthquake occurred along the Himalayan seismic belt in the past 10 years by the West China Hospital of Sichuan University,and to provide a certain reference for earthquake relief and effective disaster prevention and mitigation. Methods We reviewed the literature,collected information on the spot,summarized and analyzed the experiences and strategies of successful earthquake relief along the Himalayan seismic belt participated by the West China Hospital of Sichuan Universityin the past 10 years.Results The West China Hospital of Sichuan University,as the main rear area of medical rescue in the region,actively initiated emergency plans after the earthquake,dispatched medical rescue teams to the disaster areas to participate in the rescue,and in the scene of active rescue,timely and proper transported and treated with various of patients. West China Hospital unified command and coordination in the hospital,reserved beds,stored rescue materials,and carried out timely treatment and nursing for the transferred sick and wounded.The mortality rate in the hospital was 0,so that the trauma caused by the earthquake was minimized. Conclusion We should take appropriate scientific treatment measures according to the earthquake characteristics. After medical rescue,we should sum up the successful experience and make a scientific emergency plan.At the same time,we are expected to rehearse rescue programs regularly,work tirelessly,always be prepared and be able to deal with it actively once the earthquake happens.And we should take the lead to organize the people in the region to learn the knowledge and skills of earthquake relief in different forms in order to improve their quality of disaster prevention and relief.
Objective To summarize and analyze the successful rescue strategies of the earthquake occurred along the Himalayan seismic belt in the past 10 years by the West China Hospital of Sichuan University,and to provide a certain reference for earthquake relief and effective disaster prevention and mitigation. Methods We reviewed the literature,collected information on the spot,summarized and analyzed the experiences and strategies of successful earthquake relief along the Himalayan seismic belt participated by the West China Hospital of Sichuan Universityin the past 10 years.Results The West China Hospital of Sichuan University,as the main rear area of medical rescue in the region,actively initiated emergency plans after the earthquake,dispatched medical rescue teams to the disaster areas to participate in the rescue,and in the scene of active rescue,timely and proper transported and treated with various of patients. West China Hospital unified command and coordination in the hospital,reserved beds,stored rescue materials,and carried out timely treatment and nursing for the transferred sick and wounded.The mortality rate in the hospital was 0,so that the trauma caused by the earthquake was minimized. Conclusion We should take appropriate scientific treatment measures according to the earthquake characteristics. After medical rescue,we should sum up the successful experience and make a scientific emergency plan.At the same time,we are expected to rehearse rescue programs regularly,work tirelessly,always be prepared and be able to deal with it actively once the earthquake happens.And we should take the lead to organize the people in the region to learn the knowledge and skills of earthquake relief in different forms in order to improve their quality of disaster prevention and relief.
引文
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[16]李毅,晁生武,王献珍,等.246例玉树地震伤员伤情分析和救治总结[J].中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版),2013,8(3):245-248.
[17]王洪瑾,李毅,晁生武,等.玉树地震251例伤员类型和救治分析[J].青海医药杂志,2014,44(11):22-24.
[2]Roy N,Shah H,Patel V,et al.Surgical and psychosocial outcomes in the rural injured-a follow-up study of the 2001 earthquake victims[J].Injury,2005,36(8):927-934.
[3]周继红,王正国,黄旭东,等.5·12地震汶川县伤员伤情特点与医疗卫勤组织[J].中华创伤杂志,2008,24(7):488-490.
[4]谢娟,杜亮,夏天,等.四川大学华西医院1861例汶川地震住院和死亡伤员伤情与死因分析[J].中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(8):591-596.
[5]顾建文,沈毅,李运明,等.芦山地震住院伤员伤情流行病学调查研究[J].实用医院临床杂志,2013,10(5):18-22.
[6]李智钢,高文魁,王德元,等.4·14玉树地震伤特点分析及救治[J].高原医学杂志,2010,20(2):29-30.
[7]公保才旦.从玉树地震创伤救治经验谈高原创伤特点与救治[J].临床误诊误治,2015,28(7):61-63.
[8]Wang Q,Liu C,Wang P,et al.Characteristics and Functional Status of Victims with Fractured Injury in Lushan Earthquake[J].Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban,2015,46(4):606-610.
[9]Alexander,D.The health effects of earthquakes in the mid-1990s[J].Disasters,1996,20(3):231-247.
[10]Shimazu T,Yoshioka T,Nakata Y,et al.Fluid resuscitation and systemic complications in crush syndrome:14 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake patients[J].J Trauma,1997,42(4):641-646.
[11]包晓航,张晓东,杨天德.地震灾害中的创伤类型、死亡原因和急救处理[J].中国医药指南,2008,6(5):7-9.
[12]王小平.创伤评分在地震伤员伤情评估中的应用[J].护理学杂志,2008,23(18):12-13.
[13]Mulvey JM,Awan SU,Qadri AA,et al.Profile of injuries arising from the 2005 Kashmir earthquake:the first 72 h[J].Injury,2008,39(5):554-560.
[14]Sheng,Z.Y.Medical support in the Tangshan earthquake:a review of the management of mass casualties and certain major injuries[J].JTrauma,1987,27(10):1130-1135.
[15]von Schreeb J,Riddez L,Samnegrd H,et al.Foreign field hospitals in the recent sudden-onset disasters in Iran,Haiti,Indonesia,and Pakistan[J].Prehosp Disaster Med,2008,23(2):144-153.
[16]李毅,晁生武,王献珍,等.246例玉树地震伤员伤情分析和救治总结[J].中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版),2013,8(3):245-248.
[17]王洪瑾,李毅,晁生武,等.玉树地震251例伤员类型和救治分析[J].青海医药杂志,2014,44(11):22-24.