川西地区的地壳均衡状态及其动力学机制
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摘要
基于Airy地壳均衡理论,计算了川西地域(28°～32°N,99°～105°E的范围内)的理论均衡地壳厚度,并与由实际重力资料反演得到的地壳厚度进行对比,从而得到了该区的地壳均衡状态。经过分析研究发现以龙门山、鲜水河、安宁河三大断裂系所组构的"Y"形构造系为界,可将研究区的均衡状态分为东、中、西三部分,对应着3种不同类型的均衡状态:在"Y"形构造系以东的四川盆地内部,理论地壳厚度与实际地壳厚度的差异值ΔI接近于零,即地壳处于较均衡稳定的状态;在"Y"形构造系以西的巴颜喀拉块体地域,ΔI均可达到-8km左右,个别地域甚至最高可达-13km,说明该区地壳处于强烈的负均衡异常状态;而在研究区中部的"Y"形构造系部位,主要表现为较复杂的正负相间的均衡异常状态。在此基础上,也对该区产生现今这样复杂而特异的均衡异常格局的动力学机制进行了探讨研究,认为其主要应归结于青藏高原深部壳、幔物质在印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞下发生的东向流展并在川西地域受到坚硬的四川盆地的阻隔而被迫转向东南,在此过程中导致地壳物质堆积,从而造成了该区复杂而特异的地壳均衡异常格局。
In this study,the theoretical isostatic thickness of the crust in Western Sichuan(28°～32°N,99°～105°E)was calculated according to the Airy crustal isostatic theory.The crustal isostatic state of this area was obtained by comparing the theoretical crustal isostatic thickness with the crustal thickness inversed from the observed gravity data.It was found that the study area could be divided into three parts by the "Y" shaped tectonic system consisting of the Longmenshan fault,the Xianshuihe fault,and the Anninghe fault.The three parts correspond to the three isostatic states.In the Sichuan Basin east of the "Y" shaped tectonic system,the difference between measured and theoretical isostatic crust thickness,ΔI,is close to zero,which means the crust in this area is in an isostatic and stable state.In the Bayankala block west of the "Y" shaped tectonic system,the average ΔI is about-8km,which means the crust in this area is in a obviously negative isostatic anomaly state.In the "Y" shaped tectonic system, the crust isostatic state is in a special state of alternative positive and negative anomalies.Such a distribution pattern of the crustal isostatic states in the study area can be attributed to the following process: with the collision between Indian and Eurasian plates,the deep materials beneath the Tibet plateau have flowed eastward,but because of the resistance of the rigid Sichuan Basin,they have been forced to flow southeastward.During this process,the crustal materials accumulated and resulted in such a complicated and special crustal isostatic state.
In this study,the theoretical isostatic thickness of the crust in Western Sichuan(28°～32°N,99°～105°E)was calculated according to the Airy crustal isostatic theory.The crustal isostatic state of this area was obtained by comparing the theoretical crustal isostatic thickness with the crustal thickness inversed from the observed gravity data.It was found that the study area could be divided into three parts by the "Y" shaped tectonic system consisting of the Longmenshan fault,the Xianshuihe fault,and the Anninghe fault.The three parts correspond to the three isostatic states.In the Sichuan Basin east of the "Y" shaped tectonic system,the difference between measured and theoretical isostatic crust thickness,ΔI,is close to zero,which means the crust in this area is in an isostatic and stable state.In the Bayankala block west of the "Y" shaped tectonic system,the average ΔI is about-8km,which means the crust in this area is in a obviously negative isostatic anomaly state.In the "Y" shaped tectonic system, the crust isostatic state is in a special state of alternative positive and negative anomalies.Such a distribution pattern of the crustal isostatic states in the study area can be attributed to the following process: with the collision between Indian and Eurasian plates,the deep materials beneath the Tibet plateau have flowed eastward,but because of the resistance of the rigid Sichuan Basin,they have been forced to flow southeastward.During this process,the crustal materials accumulated and resulted in such a complicated and special crustal isostatic state.
引文
1) 地质矿产部地球物理地球化学勘查局.1:4000000中国大陆布格重力异常图(内部资料),1989
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1 滕吉文,熊绍柏,张中杰.青藏高原深部结构与构造地球物理研究的回顾和展望.地球物理学报,1997,40(增刊1) :121-139 Teng Jiwen,Xiong Shaobai,Zhang Zhongjie.Review and prospects for geophysical study of the deep lithosphere structure and tectonics in Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1997,40(Suppl.1) :121-139
2 王夫运,段永红,杨卓欣等.川西盐源-马边地震带上地壳速度结构和活动断裂研究--高分辨率地震折射实验结果.中国科学(D辑),2008,38(5) :611-621 Wang Fuyun,Duan Yonghong,Yang Zhuoxin et al.Research in the velocity structure and active faults of the upper crust beneath the Yanyuan-Mabian seismic belt of the western part of Sichuan--Results of the high resolution seismic refraction experiment.Science in China (Series D),2008,38(5) :611-621
3 曾融生,朱介寿,周兵等.青藏高原及其东部邻区的三维地震波速度结构与大陆碰撞模型.地震学报,1992,14(增刊1) :523-533 Zeng Rongsheng,Zhu Jieshou,Zhou Bing et al.The 3D P wave velocity structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent area and the model of continental collision.Acta Seismologica Sinica, 1994,14(Suppl.1) :523-533
4 滕吉文,张中杰,胡家富等.青藏高原整体隆升与地壳缩短增厚的物理-力学机制研究(上).高校地质学报,1996,2(2) :121-133 Teng Jiwen,Zhang Zhongjie,Hu Jiafu et al.Physical-mechanical mechanism for the whole uplifting of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the lateral shortening and vertical thickening of the crust (1 st).Geological Journal of Universities,1996,2 (2) :121-133
5 滕吉文,张中杰,胡家富等.青藏高原整体隆升与地壳缩短增厚的物理-力学机制研究(下).高校地质学报,1996,2(3) :307-323 Teng Jiwen,Zhang Zhongjie,Hu Jiafu et al.Physical-mechanical mechanism for the whole uplifting of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the lateral shortening and vertical thickening of the crust(2nd).Geological Journal of China Universities,1996,2 (3) :307-323
6 Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,King R W et al.Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in Eastern Tibet.Science,1997,276:788-790
7 张中杰,滕吉文,李英康等.藏南地壳速度结构与地壳物质东西向"逃逸"--以佩枯错-普莫雍错宽角反射剖面为例.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(10) :793-798 Zhang Zhongjie,Teng Jiwen,Li Yingkang et al.The velocity structure beneath the Southern Tibet and the eastward "escape" of the crustal material--Taking the wide-angle reflection profile from Peikucuo to Pumoyongcuo.Science in China(Series D),2002,32(10) :793-798
8 王椿镛,楼海,吕智勇等.青藏高原东部地壳上地幔S波速度结构--下地壳流的深部环境.中国科学(D辑),2008,38(1) :22-32 Wang Chunyong,Lou Hal,Lu Zhiyong et al.The S wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the east margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau--The deep environment for the lower crustal flow.Science in China(Series D),2008,38(1) :22-32
9 Braitenberg C,Zadro M,Fang J et al.The gravity and isostatic Moho undulations in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Journal of Geodynamics,2000,30:489-505
10 Yu Jin,McNutt M K,Zhu Yongsheng.Evidence from gravity and topography data for folding of Tibet.Nature,1994,371:669-674
11 刘元龙,王谦身,武传珍.喜马拉雅山脉中部地区的地壳构造及其地质意义探讨.地球物理学报,1977,20(2) :143-149 Liu Yuanlong,Wang Qianshen,Wu Chuanzhen.A preliminary study of the crustal structure and the geological significance of the central portion of the Himalayan Mountain range.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1977,20 (2) :143-149
12 李勇,徐公达,周荣军等.龙门山均衡重力异常及其对青藏高原东缘山脉地壳隆升的约束.地质通报,2005,24(12) :1162-1168 Li Yong,Xu Gongda,Zhou Rongjun et al.Isostatic gravity anomalies in the Longmen Mountains and their constraints on the crustal uplift below the mountains on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(12) :1162-1168
13 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L et al.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志.第四纪研究,2006,26(1) :40-51 Li Yong,Zhou Runjun,Densmore A L et al.Geomorphic evidence for the Late Cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting im Longmen Mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2006,211(1) :40-51
14 国家汶川地质专家委员会.汶川地震灾区地震-地质灾害图集.北京:中国地图出版社,2008 National Experts Committee of " Wenchuan M_S8． 0 Earthquake".Atlas of the Seismology and Geological Disaster around Wenchuan Earthquake Region.Beijing:Sinomaps Press,2008
15 王谦身,滕吉文,张永谦等.四川中西部地区地壳结构与重力均衡.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :579-583 Wang Qianshen,Teng Jiwen,Zhang Yongqian et al.The crustal structure and gravity isostasy in the middle Western Sichuan area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52 (2) :579-583
16 王谦身,滕吉文,张永谦等.龙门山断裂系及邻区地壳重力均衡效应与汶川地震.地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1664-1670 Wang Qianshen,Teng Jiwen,Zhang Yongqian et al.The effect of crustal gravity isostasy and Wenchuan earthquake in Longmenshan faults and adjacent area.Progress in Geophysics,2008,23 (6) :1664-1670
17 张永谦,王谦身,滕吉文等.川西藏东地区的地壳均衡异常及其与地震分布的关系.地球物理学报,2010(出版中) Zhang Yongqian,Wang Qianshen,Teng Jiwen et al.The crustal isostatic anomaly beneath Eastern Tibet and Western Sichuan and its relationship with the distribution of earthquakes.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010 (in press)
18 Zhang Zhongjie,Wang Yanghua,Chen Yun et al.Crustal structure across Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismic profiling.Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36:L17310
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