陕西子午岭国家级自然保护区湿地鸟类群落特征
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摘要
2014年3月至2015年2月用样线法结合样点法对子午岭自然保护区内湿地鸟类进行调查记录,并对该地区鸟类群落的组成、结构以及季节变化进行分析研究。调查共记录鸟类15目27科42种,其中以雀形目为主,共18种1590只,占被调查鸟类总数的47.98%。夏季鸟类群落的种数(33)、个体数(1245)、Shannon-Wiener指数(4.94027)、均匀度(0.97936)都为全年最高,优势度指数(0.03187)为全年最低。全年有树麻雀(Passer montanus)、环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)、喜鹊(Pica pica)、灰喜鹊(Cyanopica cyana)、大山雀(Parus major)、戴胜(Upupa epops)6种优势种,且四季都有分布。Sorenson相似性系数显示鸟类种类转化率最低为夏季-秋季鸟类群落,最高为秋季-冬季鸟类群落。总体来看,子午岭自然保护区的鸟类群落稳定性强。
In March 2013 and February 2014,the bird' s number and species of Ziwuling Nature Reserve,Shaanxi was investigated and recorded by line-transect and point count method. And more,the composition,structure,and seasonal dynamics of the avian community were analyzed and researched. A total of 42 bird species belonging to 27 families of 15 orders were recorded. The bird community was mainly composed of Passeriformes,totally 1590 individuals and 18 species,accounting for 47. 98% of the total number of bird species. The species( 33),number( 1245),Shannon-Wiener index( 4. 94027) and Species evenness( 0. 97936) in summer were higher than those in the other three seasons,but the Superiority( 0. 03187) were lowest. Passer montanus,Phasianus colchicus,Pica pica,Cyanopica cyana,Parus major and Upupa epops were the dominant bird species distributed in four seasons,The Sorenson similarity index showed that the lowest species conversion rate was in summer-autumn avian community,the highest was in the autumn-winter avian community. In general,the avian community stability was high in Ziwuling Nature Reserve.
In March 2013 and February 2014,the bird' s number and species of Ziwuling Nature Reserve,Shaanxi was investigated and recorded by line-transect and point count method. And more,the composition,structure,and seasonal dynamics of the avian community were analyzed and researched. A total of 42 bird species belonging to 27 families of 15 orders were recorded. The bird community was mainly composed of Passeriformes,totally 1590 individuals and 18 species,accounting for 47. 98% of the total number of bird species. The species( 33),number( 1245),Shannon-Wiener index( 4. 94027) and Species evenness( 0. 97936) in summer were higher than those in the other three seasons,but the Superiority( 0. 03187) were lowest. Passer montanus,Phasianus colchicus,Pica pica,Cyanopica cyana,Parus major and Upupa epops were the dominant bird species distributed in four seasons,The Sorenson similarity index showed that the lowest species conversion rate was in summer-autumn avian community,the highest was in the autumn-winter avian community. In general,the avian community stability was high in Ziwuling Nature Reserve.
引文
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[3]郑光美.北京及其附近地区冬季鸟类的生态分布[J].动物学报,1962(3):321-336.
[4]陈水华,丁平,范忠勇,等.城市鸟类对斑块状园林栖息地的选择性[J].动物学研究,2002,23(1):31-38.
[5]李宏群,廉振民,陈存根.陕西延安黄龙山褐马鸡自然保护区鸟类资源调查[J].四川动物,2009,28(3):458-461.
[6]田国忠,党太合,张芬玲.黄龙山林区鸟类资源及保护利用[J].陕西林业科技,2004(2):28-31.
[7]陈廷熹.陕西毛乌素地区的鸟类调查报告[J].动物学杂志,1979(1):29-34.
[8]FUMESS R W,GREENWOOD J J D.Birds as monitors of environmental change[M].London:Springer,1993.
[9]樊简,邱冬冬,王婉丽,等.西洞庭湖不同生境下鸟类群落结构研究[J].湿地科学,2015(2):258-264.
[10]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[11]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[12]郑作新.中国鸟类系统检索[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[13]李海涛.四川西昌泸山风景区鸟类频率指数数量等级分析及其生态分布[J].绵阳师范学院学报,2012,31(2):70-74.
[14]马德高,宋丹红,赵强,等.江苏宝应湖湿地秋冬两季鸟类区系组成及多样性调查[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(3):764-769.
[15]谭丽凤.柳州城市园林不同微栖息地类型冬季鸟类群落结构研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(1):134-139.
[16]PIELOU E C.An introduction to mathematical ecology[M].New York:Wiley-Interscience,1969.
[17]王巧艳,吴逸群,刘建文,等.渭南市区及市郊秋冬季鸟类群落结构及多样性分析[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(2):398-401.
[18]赵爱生.山西芦芽山自然保护区岩燕的迁徙和繁殖研究[J].野生动物学报,2014,35(2):200-204.
[19]罗祖奎,刘伦沛,王云,等.贵州省云台山林下鸟类群落特征[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013(5):43-52.