不同道路环境对喜鹊巢址选择的影响
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摘要
2010年11月~2011年2月,通过对商丘及郑州地区道路两侧喜鹊(Pica picas)营巢情况的调查,从巢位选择、营巢树木特征、周边环境因素等方面探究了不同因子对喜鹊巢址选择的影响。共观测鸟巢39个,可测变量13个,营巢树种均为枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)。χ~2检验结果表明,喜鹊选择营巢的行道树高度一般大于16 m、树径一般大于0.2 m;营巢位置多距树顶2~5 m且多选择分枝数为3的树木营巢。Hotelling T~2检验表明,营巢树木特征值与相邻非营巢树木总体上存在极显著差异,在巢下郁闭度和整体郁闭度等方面都有极显著性差异(P=0.001<0.01)。主成分分析结果表明,营巢树木距公路的距离、营巢树木高度、鸟巢距最近民房距离、营巢树木直径和巢分枝数是影响喜鹊巢址选择的5个主要因子;说明喜鹊在巢址选择时,主要考虑到道路环境的影响,其次考虑道路两旁人类活动的频繁程度。建议在以后的道路建设中,适当增加行道树的行数,以增加喜鹊营巢巢树的数量。
The nest-site selection of common magpie( Pica pica) was researched in Shangqiu and Zhengzhou from November 2010 to February 2011. We studied 39 nests and measured 13 variables. All nest trees were poplars( Pterocarya stenoptera) with height over 16 m,and diameter over 0. 2 m. Common magpie preferred to nest on trees with 3 branches at elevations 2 to 5 meters from the treetop. The feature value of nest trees was significantly different from that of non-nest trees,especially in terms of canopy density beneath nests and overall canopy density( P < 0. 01).Five main factors affected nest-site selection of Pica pica,viz. distance from nest tree to road,height of nest tree,distance from nest tree to residential area,diameter of nest tree,and number of branches at nest sites. Proximity to roads was the main concern in nest site selection by Pica pica. This was followed by the frequency of human activities along roadsides. This suggests that when building roads,rows of roadside trees should be properly increased to increase the availability of nest trees for Pica pica.
The nest-site selection of common magpie( Pica pica) was researched in Shangqiu and Zhengzhou from November 2010 to February 2011. We studied 39 nests and measured 13 variables. All nest trees were poplars( Pterocarya stenoptera) with height over 16 m,and diameter over 0. 2 m. Common magpie preferred to nest on trees with 3 branches at elevations 2 to 5 meters from the treetop. The feature value of nest trees was significantly different from that of non-nest trees,especially in terms of canopy density beneath nests and overall canopy density( P < 0. 01).Five main factors affected nest-site selection of Pica pica,viz. distance from nest tree to road,height of nest tree,distance from nest tree to residential area,diameter of nest tree,and number of branches at nest sites. Proximity to roads was the main concern in nest site selection by Pica pica. This was followed by the frequency of human activities along roadsides. This suggests that when building roads,rows of roadside trees should be properly increased to increase the availability of nest trees for Pica pica.
引文
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[19]王英,孟伟庆,陈小奎,等.城市绿地中喜鹊巢位选择的影响因子分析[J].农业科技与信息:现代园林,2008(2):1-5.
[2]王硕,贾海峰.生态交通建设中的动物因素考虑[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(8):1291-1296.
[3]闫永峰,李希明.道路对两栖类种群的生态学影响[J].生物学通报,2008,43(9):10-13.
[4]李俊生,张晓岚,吴晓莆,等.道路交通的生态影响研究综述[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):1169-1175.
[5]胡忠军,于长青,徐宏发,等.道路对陆栖野生动物的生态学影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):433-437.
[6]其其格,闫宏伟.高速公路对通过区的环境影响研究进展[J].北华大学学报:自然科学版,2001,2(2):173-178.
[7]李方园,李巧云,关欣.公路交通噪声对环境的影响及其治理措施[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,35(1):44-47.
[8]Forman R T T,Alexander L E.Roads and their major ecological effects[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1998,29:207-231.
[9]史荣耀,李茂义,秦军,等.灰喜鹊繁殖习性的初步观察[J].四川动物,2007,26(1):165-166.
[10]赵匠,邓文洪,高玮.山地次生林破碎化对喜鹊繁殖功效的影响[J].动物学研究,2002,23(3):220-225.
[11]杨维康,钟文勤,高行宜.鸟类栖息地选择研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(3):71-78.
[12]田军东,董瑞静,路纪琪.郑州大学新校区喜鹊巢址选择研究[J].河南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(5):116-118.
[13]吕艳,张月侠,赛道建,等.喜鹊巢位选择对城市环境的适应[J].四川动物,2008,27(5):892-893.
[14]郑光美.鸟类学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1995:238-239.
[15]Cody M L.Habitat selection in birds[M].Fla:Academic Press,1998.
[16]李守杰,刘宁,王桂英.聊城大学校园灰喜鹊营巢特征调查[J].野生动物,2008,29(2):84-86.
[17]赵欣如,房继明,宋杰,等.北京的公园鸟类群落结构研究[J].动物学杂志,1996,31(3):17-21.
[18]闫永峰,杨小东,侯颖.商丘市区喜鹊(Pica pica)巢址选择研究[J].商丘师范学院学报,2011,27(3):79-84.
[19]王英,孟伟庆,陈小奎,等.城市绿地中喜鹊巢位选择的影响因子分析[J].农业科技与信息:现代园林,2008(2):1-5.