城市公园鸳鸯巢址选择及对繁殖参数的影响
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摘要
2013—2015年,在北京动物园的自然生境中通过悬挂人工巢箱招引鸳鸯,基于巢址因子分析开展了鸳鸯巢址选择的研究.结果表明:两类主效因子对鸳鸯的巢址选择具有重要的影响,第一大类是植被盖度、高度及多样性,这是影响鸳鸯巢址选择的最重要的影响因子,其中,乔、灌、草三个空间层次的植被特点可代表鸳鸯活动范围的生境特点;第二大类是干扰的影响,包含距道路和水源的距离,以及瞬时人流等因素.
From 2013 to 2015,attracted Aix galericulata using the artificial nest boxes in natural habitats of Beijing Zoo,and research its nest site selection.The results of factor analysis show that there are three types of main factors effect on duck nest site selection.The first category is the coverage,height and diversity of the vegetation,which is the most important impact factor in the A.galericulata nest site selection.The three levels of spatial vegetation characteristics,such as tree,shrub and grass characteristics may represent the habitat characteristics where ducks live in it.The second category is the impact of interference from the distance to the road and river,and the instantaneous flow of people,which also influence the duck nest site selection.
From 2013 to 2015,attracted Aix galericulata using the artificial nest boxes in natural habitats of Beijing Zoo,and research its nest site selection.The results of factor analysis show that there are three types of main factors effect on duck nest site selection.The first category is the coverage,height and diversity of the vegetation,which is the most important impact factor in the A.galericulata nest site selection.The three levels of spatial vegetation characteristics,such as tree,shrub and grass characteristics may represent the habitat characteristics where ducks live in it.The second category is the impact of interference from the distance to the road and river,and the instantaneous flow of people,which also influence the duck nest site selection.
引文
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[2]汪松,解焱.中国物种红色名录——第二卷脊椎动物[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[3]KEAR J.Ducks,geese and swans.Volume 2.Species accounts(Cairinato mergus)[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005.
[4]高玮.中国东北地区鸟类及其生态学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[5]DAVIES A K,BAGGOTT G K.Clutch size and nesting sites of the Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata[J].Bird Study,1989,36:32-36.
[6]DAVIES A K,BAGGOTT G K.Egg-laying,incubation and intraspecific nest parasitism by the Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata[J].Bird Study,1989,36:115-122.
[7]张友新.鸳鸯鸭的饲养管理技术[J].河南畜牧兽医,2004,25(12):48-49.
[8]卜海侠.鸳鸯的地栖繁殖行为[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,40(6):106.
[9]DENG Q X,WANG H T,YAO D,et al.Conspecific brood parasitism and nesting biology of mandarin ducks[J].The Wilson Journal of Ornithology,2011,123(3):479-485.
[10]GONG Y,KIMBALL R T,MARY C T,et al.Kin-biased conspecific brood parasitism in a native Mandarin[J].Journal of Ornithology,2016,157:1063-1072.
[11]孙凯.鸳鸯鸭MHCⅠ类分子蛋白表达与结构分析及其限制性病毒T细胞表位的筛选[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2010.
[12]刘生杰.鸳鸯鸭恒定链基因的克隆、分子特征及其组织表达特性[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2012.
[13]PALUMBI S R.Humans as the worlds greatest evolutionary force[J].Science,2001,293:1786-1790.
[14]VITOUSEK P M.Beyond global warming:ecology and global changed[J].Ecology,1994,75:1861-1876.
[15]FEMANDEZ-JURICIC E,JOKIMAKI J.A habitat island approach to conserving birds in urban landscapes:case studies from southern and northern Europe[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2001,10:2023-2042.
[16]MAHAN C G,CONNELL T J.Small mammal use of suburban and urban parks in central Pennsylvania[J].Northeast Naturalist,2005(1):307-314.
[17]GERMAINE S S,WAKELING B E.Lizard species distributors and habitat occupation along all urban gradient in Tucson,Arizona,USA[J].Conservation Biology,2001,97:229-237.
[18]PARRIS K M.Urban amphibian assemblages as metacommunities[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2006,75:757-764.
[19]MELLES S,MAARTIN S.Urban bird diversity and landscape complexity:species-environment associations along a multiscale habitat gradient[J].Conservation Ecology,2003(7):5-11.
[20]兰思思.杭州城市环境中白头鹎的繁殖生态学及繁殖行为对城市化的响应[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[21]CROCI S,BUTET A,CLERGEAU P.Does urbanization filter birds on the basis of their biological traits[J]The Condor,2008,110:223-240.
[22]BARBER D R,MARTIN T E,MELCHIORS M A,et al.Nesting success of birds in different silvicultural treatments in southeastern U S pine forests[J].Conservation Biology,2001,15:196-207.
[23]王彦平.鸟类对城市化的适应性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[24]闫永峰,杨小东,侯颖.商丘市区喜鹊(Pica pica)巢址选择研究[J].商丘师范学院学报,2011,27(3):79-84.
[25]李乐,万冬梅,刘鹤,等.人工巢箱条件下杂色山雀的巢位选择及其对繁殖成功率的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7492-7499.