喷油器流量对非道路用小型柴油机燃烧和排放影响
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摘要
为了研究喷油器流量对小型非道路柴油机燃烧过程及排放的影响,以某1115柴油机为研究对象,利用Hydism软件研究不同流量喷油器的喷油特性并进行整机性能和排放试验。结果表明:标定工况下,随着喷油器流量的增加,喷油速率峰值有所增加,喷油持续期略有缩短,瞬时放热率峰值和整机NO_X排放增加,但增幅减缓,燃油消耗率和烟度先减后增;中小负荷工况下,喷油器流量对整机CO和HC排放的影响较明显。因此需依据非道路柴油机排放测试要求匹配柴油机的喷油器流量,试验用柴油机匹配优化后,CO、HC和PM分别下降35.7%、45.1%和23.1%,NO_X上升8.9%,但HC+NO_X仍下降5.7%。结果表明合理匹配喷油器流量对小型非道路柴油机排放有较大影响,对小型柴油机满足排放标准是非常有效的技术措施。
In order to research the effects of combustion process and emissions of small non-road diesel engine with different flow injectors,the 1115 diesel engine was used as the research prototype,with the method of experiment and numerical simulation,and the fuel injection and combustion systems were analyzed. The simulation model of injection system was established by the Hydism to analyze fuel injection rate with different flow injectors. The results show that,with the increase of injector flow,injection rate increased,the injection duration was shortened,the peak value of heat release rate and NO_X emission was added,specific fuel consumption and smoke first ascended and then descended in rated condition. Meanwhile,injector flow had a large impact on CO and HC emissions in medium and small load. Therefore,it was important to match injector flow according to non-road diesel engine emission test requirements for small non-road diesel engines. The test result of 1115 diesel engine optimized shows that its CO,HC and PM were reduced by 35.7%,45.1% and 23.1%,NO_X was increased by 8.9%,but the HC+NO_X is still down 5.7%. In a word,reasonable matching for injector flow has a great influence on the emission of small non-road diesel engine,and it is an effective measure for small diesel engines to meet the emission standards of China.
In order to research the effects of combustion process and emissions of small non-road diesel engine with different flow injectors,the 1115 diesel engine was used as the research prototype,with the method of experiment and numerical simulation,and the fuel injection and combustion systems were analyzed. The simulation model of injection system was established by the Hydism to analyze fuel injection rate with different flow injectors. The results show that,with the increase of injector flow,injection rate increased,the injection duration was shortened,the peak value of heat release rate and NO_X emission was added,specific fuel consumption and smoke first ascended and then descended in rated condition. Meanwhile,injector flow had a large impact on CO and HC emissions in medium and small load. Therefore,it was important to match injector flow according to non-road diesel engine emission test requirements for small non-road diesel engines. The test result of 1115 diesel engine optimized shows that its CO,HC and PM were reduced by 35.7%,45.1% and 23.1%,NO_X was increased by 8.9%,but the HC+NO_X is still down 5.7%. In a word,reasonable matching for injector flow has a great influence on the emission of small non-road diesel engine,and it is an effective measure for small diesel engines to meet the emission standards of China.
引文
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[5]张婕,唐维平,杜严.喷油嘴喷孔加工工艺技术[J].现代车用动力,2010(1):43-46.(Zhang Jie,Tang Wei-ping,Du Yan.Technical research of nozzle sprayhole[J].Modern Vehicle Power,2010(1):43-46.)
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[7]黄魏迪.液力研磨特性对喷孔内部结构均匀性的影响研究[J].内燃机工程,2014,35(3):57-61.(Huang Wei-di. Effects of hydro grinding on symmetry of nozzle hole ge-ometry[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2014,35(3):57-61.)
[8]R.Payri,F.J.Salvador,J.Gimeno,L.D.Zapata.Diesel nozzle geometry influ-ence on spray liquid-phase fuel penetration in evaporative conditions[J].Fuel,2008,87(7):1165-1176.
[9]Arcoumanis C,Gavaises M,French B.Effect of fuel injection on thestructure of diesel sprays[R].SAE Paper,970799,1997.
[10]何志霞,王芬,刘菊燕.柴油机喷嘴结构对喷雾特性影响的耦合模拟研究[J].机械工程学报,2014(24):145-151.(He Zhi-xia,Wang Fen,Liu Ju-yan.Coupled simulation of the effect ofdiesel nozzle structure on spray characteristics[J].Journal of MechanicalEngineering,2014(24):145-151.)
[2]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 20891-2014.非道路移动机械用柴油机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国三、四阶段)[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.(Environmental Protection Department,State general administration ofthe people’s republic of china for quality supervision and inspectionand quarantine.limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutantsfrom diesel engines of non-road mobile machiner(CHINAⅢ,Ⅳ)[M].Beijing:China Standards Press,2014.)
[3]Dong P,Nishida K,Ogata Y.Characterization of multi-hole nozzle spraysand internal flow for different nozzle hole lengths in direct-injectiondiesel engines[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical EngineersPart D Journal of Automobile Engineering,2016,214(6):463-467.
[4]S Som,DE Longman,AI Ramírez.A comparison of injector flow and spraycharacteristics of biodiesel with petrodiesel[J].Fuel,2010,89(12):4014-4024.
[5]张婕,唐维平,杜严.喷油嘴喷孔加工工艺技术[J].现代车用动力,2010(1):43-46.(Zhang Jie,Tang Wei-ping,Du Yan.Technical research of nozzle sprayhole[J].Modern Vehicle Power,2010(1):43-46.)
[6]Benajes J,Molina S,Gonza’lez C.The role of nozzle convergence indiesel combustion[J].Fuel,2008,87(8).
[7]黄魏迪.液力研磨特性对喷孔内部结构均匀性的影响研究[J].内燃机工程,2014,35(3):57-61.(Huang Wei-di. Effects of hydro grinding on symmetry of nozzle hole ge-ometry[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2014,35(3):57-61.)
[8]R.Payri,F.J.Salvador,J.Gimeno,L.D.Zapata.Diesel nozzle geometry influ-ence on spray liquid-phase fuel penetration in evaporative conditions[J].Fuel,2008,87(7):1165-1176.
[9]Arcoumanis C,Gavaises M,French B.Effect of fuel injection on thestructure of diesel sprays[R].SAE Paper,970799,1997.
[10]何志霞,王芬,刘菊燕.柴油机喷嘴结构对喷雾特性影响的耦合模拟研究[J].机械工程学报,2014(24):145-151.(He Zhi-xia,Wang Fen,Liu Ju-yan.Coupled simulation of the effect ofdiesel nozzle structure on spray characteristics[J].Journal of MechanicalEngineering,2014(24):145-151.)