影响按蚊吸血行为的相关因素研究
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摘要
目的有效阻止蚊虫的叮咬是预防蚊虫传播类疾病的重要手段,本研究旨在较系统地观察影响按蚊吸血行为的相关因素。方法首先确定按蚊50%吸血率并作为评判按蚊吸血效率的标准;然后系统观察环境温度、时间周期、蚊龄、鼠龄以及疟原虫感染等因素对按蚊吸血效率的影响。结果按蚊完成50%吸血率的时间为7.8 min,饥饿状态和早期蚊龄(2～8日蚊)是促进按蚊吸血的自身因素;相对低温(21℃)和夜间时段(20时～凌晨2时)是利于按蚊吸血的环境因素,幼鼠和疟原虫感染的小鼠是提高按蚊吸血的宿主因素,其中疟原虫、宿主的贫血和体温变化并非促进按蚊吸血的直接因素。结论影响按蚊叮咬宿主的因素较为复杂,不但受按蚊饥饿状态、蚊龄等内在因素的影响,而且还受外界温度、时间节律、鼠龄及其感染状况的影响。这可为有效预防蚊虫叮咬措施的制定提供重要的理论和实验依据。
Objective Effective prevention of mosquito bites is an important measure to prevent mosquito borne diseases.The purpose of this study is to systematically investigate the related factors that affect the blood-sucking behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes. Methods The time for finishing the 50% blood sucking-rate of Anopheles was used as the evaluating standard for the blood-sucking efficiency of Anopheles.The effects of environmental temperature,diurnal rhythm,mosquito age,mice age and infection of plasmodium on the blood-sucking efficiency of Anopheles mosquitoes were systematically investigated.Results The 50% blood-sucking rate was 7.8 minutes. Starvation and early mosquito age(2～8 days of mosquitoes)were the self-factors of Anopheles mosquitoes to promote blood sucking by Anopheles mosquitoes. Relatively low temperature(21℃)and night time(8 pm to 2 am)were the environmental factors that were conducive to blood sucking by Anopheles mosquitoes. Mice pups and Plasmodium infected mice were the host factors that increase the blood-sucking of Anopheles mosquitoes.Plasmodium,host anemia and changes in body temperature were not the direct factors in promoting blood-sucking of Anopheles mosquitoes. Conclusion The factors affecting Anopheles bites host are more complicated,not only affected by internal factors such as Anopheles hunger status and mosquito age,but also affected by external temperature,diurnal rhythm,age and infection status. This can provide important theoretical and experimental basis for the effective prevention of mosquito bites.
Objective Effective prevention of mosquito bites is an important measure to prevent mosquito borne diseases.The purpose of this study is to systematically investigate the related factors that affect the blood-sucking behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes. Methods The time for finishing the 50% blood sucking-rate of Anopheles was used as the evaluating standard for the blood-sucking efficiency of Anopheles.The effects of environmental temperature,diurnal rhythm,mosquito age,mice age and infection of plasmodium on the blood-sucking efficiency of Anopheles mosquitoes were systematically investigated.Results The 50% blood-sucking rate was 7.8 minutes. Starvation and early mosquito age(2～8 days of mosquitoes)were the self-factors of Anopheles mosquitoes to promote blood sucking by Anopheles mosquitoes. Relatively low temperature(21℃)and night time(8 pm to 2 am)were the environmental factors that were conducive to blood sucking by Anopheles mosquitoes. Mice pups and Plasmodium infected mice were the host factors that increase the blood-sucking of Anopheles mosquitoes.Plasmodium,host anemia and changes in body temperature were not the direct factors in promoting blood-sucking of Anopheles mosquitoes. Conclusion The factors affecting Anopheles bites host are more complicated,not only affected by internal factors such as Anopheles hunger status and mosquito age,but also affected by external temperature,diurnal rhythm,age and infection status. This can provide important theoretical and experimental basis for the effective prevention of mosquito bites.
引文
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[15] Liu SL,Zhang SC,Ru XS,et al. Effect of high temperature stress on the fertility of male and female gametes of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J]. Aquaculture Research,2016,47(10):3127-3135.
[16] Carey AF,Wang G,Su CY,et al. Odorant reception in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae[J]. Nature,2010,464(7285):66-71.
[17] CardéRT. Multi-Cue integration:How female mosquitoes locate a human host[J]. Curr Biol,2015,25(18):R793-795.
[2] Kindhauser MK,Allen T,Frank V,et al. Zika:the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus[J]. Bull World Health Organ,2016,94(9):675-686C.
[3] Killeen GF,Govella NJ,Lwetoijera DW,et al. Most outdoor malaria transmission by behaviourally-resistant Anopheles arabiensisis mediated by mosquitoes that have previously been inside houses[J]. Malar J,2016,15:225.
[4] Derua YA,Rumisha SF,Batengana BM,et al.Lymphatic filariasis transmission on Mafia Islands, Tanzania:Evidence from xenomonitoring in mosquito vectors[J].PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2017,11(10):e0005938.
[5] Magalhaes T,Foy BD,Marques ETA,et al. Mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus:Recent developments and future directions[J].Virus Res,2018,254:1-9.
[6] Kim BH,Kim HK,Lee SJ.Experimental analysis of the bloodsucking mechanism of female mosquitoes[J]. J Exp Biol,2011,214(Pt 7):1163-1169.
[7]张云智,张海林,米竹青.白纹伊蚊吸血特性的观察[J].疾病预防控制通报,1994,9(2):37-38.Zhang YZ,Zhang HL,Mi ZQ. Observation on specificity of bloodsucking of Aedes albopictus[J]. Bulletin of disease control and prevention,1994,9(2):37-38.
[8]阮峰,朱泰华,刘勇鹰,等.珠海市横琴岛嗜人按蚊和中华按蚊吸血习性研究[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2001,12(3):186-188.Ruan F,Zhu TH,Liu YY,et al. Study on the blood-sucking habit of Anopheles anthropophagus and Anopheles sinensisin Hengqin island of Zhuhai[J]. Chin J Vector Bio&Control,2001,12(3):186-188.
[9] Hayasaki M,Saeki H. Inhibition and prevention efficacy against mosquito bloodsucking and Dirofilaria immitis infection by administration of topical insecticide[J]. J Vet Med Sci,2009,71(8):1049-1052.
[10] Day JF. Host-seeking strategies of mosquito disease vectors[J].J Am Mosq Control Assoc,2005,21(4 Suppl):17-22.
[11] Spitzen J,Takken W. Keeping track of mosquitoes:a review of tools to track,record and analyse mosquito flight[J]. Parasit Vectors,2018,11(1):123.
[12] Rund SS,O′Donnell AJ,Gentile JE,et al. Daily rhythms in mosquitoes and their consequences for malaria transmission[J].Insects,2016,7(2).pii:E14.
[13] Rosa-Freitas MG,Broomfield G,Priestman A,et al.Cuticular hydrocarbons,isoenzymes and behavior of three populations of Anopheles darlingi from Brazil[J].J Am Mosq Control Assoc,1992,8(4):357-366.
[14] Roy S,Smykal V,Johnson L,et al.Regulation of reproductive processes in female mosquitoes[J].Advances in Insect Physiology,2016,51:115-144.
[15] Liu SL,Zhang SC,Ru XS,et al. Effect of high temperature stress on the fertility of male and female gametes of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J]. Aquaculture Research,2016,47(10):3127-3135.
[16] Carey AF,Wang G,Su CY,et al. Odorant reception in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae[J]. Nature,2010,464(7285):66-71.
[17] CardéRT. Multi-Cue integration:How female mosquitoes locate a human host[J]. Curr Biol,2015,25(18):R793-795.