摘要
目的了解潍坊市农村居民防鼠灭鼠基本知识的知晓情况,为制定和完善相关农村防鼠灭鼠策略提供依据。方法采用随机数字的方法,在潍坊市的各县(市、区)随机抽取630户居民进行问卷调查,计数资料采用χ~2检验,利用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析。结果 60.0%的居民自述家中现在仍有鼠类活动,各县(市、区)鼠类生存情况差异有统计学意义(χ~2=69.126,P=0.000);居民对防鼠灭鼠知晓率为42.7%,各县(市、区)防鼠灭鼠知晓情况差异有统计学意义(χ~2=154.521,P=0.000);在鼠类危害、鼠传疾病知晓情况和防鼠灭鼠措施知晓及使用情况方面,潍坊市各县(市、区)之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论潍坊市农村居民对规范的防鼠灭鼠措施知晓率低,规范落实防鼠灭鼠措施情况较差。
Objective To investigate the awareness of basic knowledge of rodent control and prevention among rural residents in Weifang, China, and to provide a basis for developing and perfecting rodent control and deratization strategies in rural areas. Methods A random number table was used to select 630 residential households from the counties and districts of Weifang, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among these residents. The chi-square test was used for data analysis by SPSS 17.0 software. Results Of all residents, 60.0% reported that they still had rodents in their homes, and there was a significant difference in the survival of rodents between the counties and districts( χ2=69.126, P=0.000). The awareness rate of rodent control and prevention among these residents was 42.7%, and there was a significant difference in the awareness of rodent control and prevention among the counties and districts( χ2=154.521, P=0.000). There were also significant differences in the awareness of rodent harm and rodent-borne diseases and the awareness and use of rodent control and prevention measures between the counties and districts(all P<0.05). Conclusion There is a low awareness rate of standard rodent control and prevention measures among rural residents in Weifang, with poor implementation of standard rodent control and prevention measures.
引文
[1]黎唯,廖力夫,谢勇光.新疆乌鲁木齐市及其近郊鼠类和鼠害调查[J].地方病通报,1991,6(4):86-90. DOI:10.13215/j.cnki.jbyfkztb.1991.04.031.
[2]潘波,梁文佳,吴军,等.广东省近几年鼠疫宿主及其媒介种类的监测和评价[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(19):3733-3735.
[3]魏跃红,王大虎,鲁影,等.广州市2011-2015年常见鼠传疾病流行病学分析[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(2):126-128,132.
[4]岳木生,谭梁飞.鼠类病媒生物危害风险评估指标体系的建立及其应用[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2011,17(2):81-84.
[5]赵玉强,程鹏,公茂庆,等.鼠传播疾病及鼠类的防制概述[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2010,5(5):378-380.
[6]霍锡元,宋明明,孙坚毅,等.潍坊市2012-2015年鼠密度监测分析[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2016,22(5):483-484.
[7]王伟,吴彤宇,张文生,等.影响天津市居民鼠疫防控知晓率及相关因素分析[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2013,28(3):219-221.
[8]周良才,吴太平,梁建生,等.武汉市社区人群灭鼠知识认知情况调查研究[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(5):470-473. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.05.024.
[9]周良才,吴太平,包继永,等.武汉城区居民灭鼠问卷调查[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2009,15(1):34-37.
[10]刘小华,莫志斌.新中国建立初期公共卫生事件的应对机制:以除“四害”为中心的考察(1950-1960)[J].求索,2013(8):71-73. DOI:10.16059/j.cnki.cn43-1008/c.2013.08.007.