基于波导不变量的深海船舶噪声特征研究
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摘要
深海环境复杂多样,船舶噪声信号特征受环境影响较大,不利于目标位置及运动态势判断。文章在深海声道形成条件及其声场传播规律研究基础上,基于波导不变量理论,对典型深海环境不同位置船舶噪声距离-频率干涉条纹特征进行理论分析和仿真验证。理论分析和仿真结果表明,深海声道会聚区及反射会聚区船舶噪声信号存在干涉条纹特征,且对应的波导不变量β值不同,故两者干涉条纹特征不同。文中提出了利用深海船舶目标噪声的干涉条纹特征,对不同位置深海船舶目标及其运动态势进行判断的方法,仿真结果和试验数据表明,该判断方法可行有效。
Noise characters of a moving target are influenced by different environment of deep-ocean, which is difficult to solve the problem how to judge where the deep-ocean target is and the target movement. In this paper, discussing formation conditions of sound-channel and its acoustic propagation, characters of waveguide invariant in deep-ocean were analyzed based on waveguide invariant theory and simulation tests were performed. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both show that there are special waveguide invariant striations in convergence zone(CZ) and deep-ocean reflect convergence zone(RCZ). Both values of waveguide invariant β and striations for CZ and RCZ are different. Making use of these characters, the method to judge whether target is in CZ or RCZ and the target movement is proposed and simulated. The simulation and experimental data both show that the judgment is valid.
Noise characters of a moving target are influenced by different environment of deep-ocean, which is difficult to solve the problem how to judge where the deep-ocean target is and the target movement. In this paper, discussing formation conditions of sound-channel and its acoustic propagation, characters of waveguide invariant in deep-ocean were analyzed based on waveguide invariant theory and simulation tests were performed. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both show that there are special waveguide invariant striations in convergence zone(CZ) and deep-ocean reflect convergence zone(RCZ). Both values of waveguide invariant β and striations for CZ and RCZ are different. Making use of these characters, the method to judge whether target is in CZ or RCZ and the target movement is proposed and simulated. The simulation and experimental data both show that the judgment is valid.
引文
[1]Jensen B,Kuperman W A,Porter M B,et al.Computational ocean acoustics(second edition)[M].American Institute of Physics,2011:21-23.
[2]张仁和.水下声道中的反转点会聚区(I)简正波理论[J].声学学报,1980,1:28-42.Zhang R H.A normal-mode theory of turning-point convergence zone in underwater sound channel(I)[J].ACTA Acoustic,1980,1:28-42.
[3]张仁和.水下声道中的反转点会聚区(II)广义射线理论[J].声学学报,1982,2:75-87.Zhang R H.A generalized ray-theory of turning-point convergence zone in underwater sound channel(II)[J].ACTA Acoustic,1982,2:75-87.
[4]Lynch S D.Dependence of the structure of the shallow convergence zone on deep ocean bathymetry[J].J Acoust.Soc.Am.,2010,127:1962.
[5]Chuprov S D.An invariant of the spatial-frequency interference pattern of the acoustic field in a layered ocean[C]//Proc of the Russian Academy of Sciences.Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR,1981:257,475-479.
[6]Sostrand K A.Range localization of 10-100 km explosions by means of an endfire array and a waveguide invariant[J].IEEE J Oceanic Eng.,2005,30:207-212.
[7]赵振东.浅海声场干涉结构与宽带声源测距研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.Zhao Zhendong.Interference patterns in shallow water and broadband source ranging[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2010.
[8]韩梅,储泽国,笪良龙.利用浅海干涉条纹反演海底参数方法研究[J].应用声学,2014,33(5):385-390.Han Mei,Chu Zeguo,Da Lianglong.Fusion algorithm of distance characteristic feature based on dynamically allocating weights[J].Journal of Applied Acoustics,2014,33(5):385-390.
[9]D’Spain G L,Kuperman W A.Application of waveguide invariants to analysis of spectrograms from shallow water environments that vary in range and azimuth[J].J Acoust.Soc.Am.,1999,106(5):2454-2468.
[10]Cockrell K L.Understanding and utilizing waveguide invariant range-frequency striations in ocean acoustic waveguides[D].Boston,USA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2011.
[2]张仁和.水下声道中的反转点会聚区(I)简正波理论[J].声学学报,1980,1:28-42.Zhang R H.A normal-mode theory of turning-point convergence zone in underwater sound channel(I)[J].ACTA Acoustic,1980,1:28-42.
[3]张仁和.水下声道中的反转点会聚区(II)广义射线理论[J].声学学报,1982,2:75-87.Zhang R H.A generalized ray-theory of turning-point convergence zone in underwater sound channel(II)[J].ACTA Acoustic,1982,2:75-87.
[4]Lynch S D.Dependence of the structure of the shallow convergence zone on deep ocean bathymetry[J].J Acoust.Soc.Am.,2010,127:1962.
[5]Chuprov S D.An invariant of the spatial-frequency interference pattern of the acoustic field in a layered ocean[C]//Proc of the Russian Academy of Sciences.Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR,1981:257,475-479.
[6]Sostrand K A.Range localization of 10-100 km explosions by means of an endfire array and a waveguide invariant[J].IEEE J Oceanic Eng.,2005,30:207-212.
[7]赵振东.浅海声场干涉结构与宽带声源测距研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.Zhao Zhendong.Interference patterns in shallow water and broadband source ranging[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2010.
[8]韩梅,储泽国,笪良龙.利用浅海干涉条纹反演海底参数方法研究[J].应用声学,2014,33(5):385-390.Han Mei,Chu Zeguo,Da Lianglong.Fusion algorithm of distance characteristic feature based on dynamically allocating weights[J].Journal of Applied Acoustics,2014,33(5):385-390.
[9]D’Spain G L,Kuperman W A.Application of waveguide invariants to analysis of spectrograms from shallow water environments that vary in range and azimuth[J].J Acoust.Soc.Am.,1999,106(5):2454-2468.
[10]Cockrell K L.Understanding and utilizing waveguide invariant range-frequency striations in ocean acoustic waveguides[D].Boston,USA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2011.