铅镉胁迫对小叶榕叶片细胞超微结构的影响
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摘要
以1年生小叶榕幼苗为试验材料,分析不同浓度下铅、镉单一及复合胁迫对其叶片细胞超微结构及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:在Pb~(2+)胁迫下,小叶榕叶肉细胞超微结构中叶绿体的膨胀度、淀粉粒和嗜锇颗粒大小的变化较轻,叶绿体空泡化程度较低,且叶片叶绿素含量有升高趋势,说明小叶榕幼苗对Pb~(2+)有较好的耐受性;而在Cd~(2+)胁迫下,随着处理浓度的增加,细胞结构受到的损伤和破坏程度比Pb~(2+)胁迫严重,叶绿体结构中基粒片层出现排列紊乱、断裂、扭曲变形现象,细胞内有较多的淀粉,且叶绿素含量呈显著降低趋势;在Pb~(2+)+Cd~(2+)复合胁迫下,小叶榕叶肉细胞膜变得较薄,叶绿体结构松散,失去完整性,出现解体现象,类囊体结构消失,细胞膜破裂,细胞器结构破碎,叶绿素含量显著低于铅、镉单一胁迫。综上所述,从叶绿素含量变化、叶片细胞以及叶绿体超微结构可以看出,对小叶榕幼苗造成的伤害程度为:Pb~(2+)+Cd~(2+)复合胁迫>Cd~(2+)胁迫>Pb~(2+)胁迫。
In this study,the annual Ficus parvifolia seedlings were took as experimental materials. The effects of single and complex Pb~(2+) and Cd~(2+) stresses with different concentrations on leaf ultrastructure and chlorophyll content were studied. The results showed that leaf ultrastructure of F. parvifolia under Pb~(2+) stresses exhibited chloroplast with lower swelling and vacuolization degree,smaller change of starch grains and granules. Moreover,the content of chlorophyll showed an increasing tendency which suggested the seedlings had more tolerance to Pb~(2+) treatment. Under Cd~(2+) stresses,there were relatively heavy degree damages of leaves ultrastructure with the Cd~(2+) contents increasing. More specifically,the grana lamellae of the chloroplast structure arranged in disorder,broken and twisted. Besides,more starches and significantly decreasing chlorophyll content in the F. parvifolia leaves cell were observed. Under Pb~(2+) + Cd~(2+) conbined stresses,mesophyll cell membrane was thinner. More loose and unintegrated of chloroplast structure,heavier disintegrated chloroplast structure,disappeared thylakoid structure,broken cell membrane and organelle structure were observed. Moreover,chlorophyll contents of F. parvifolia under Pb~(2+) +Cd~(2+) combined stresses were lower than single stress treatment. In a word,the changes of chlorophyll contents,the leaf cell ultrastructure and the chloroplast ultrastructure indicated that the damaged degree of F. parvifolia seedlings was Pb~(2+) +Cd~(2+) combined stress > Cd~(2+) stress> Pb~(2+) stress
In this study,the annual Ficus parvifolia seedlings were took as experimental materials. The effects of single and complex Pb~(2+) and Cd~(2+) stresses with different concentrations on leaf ultrastructure and chlorophyll content were studied. The results showed that leaf ultrastructure of F. parvifolia under Pb~(2+) stresses exhibited chloroplast with lower swelling and vacuolization degree,smaller change of starch grains and granules. Moreover,the content of chlorophyll showed an increasing tendency which suggested the seedlings had more tolerance to Pb~(2+) treatment. Under Cd~(2+) stresses,there were relatively heavy degree damages of leaves ultrastructure with the Cd~(2+) contents increasing. More specifically,the grana lamellae of the chloroplast structure arranged in disorder,broken and twisted. Besides,more starches and significantly decreasing chlorophyll content in the F. parvifolia leaves cell were observed. Under Pb~(2+) + Cd~(2+) conbined stresses,mesophyll cell membrane was thinner. More loose and unintegrated of chloroplast structure,heavier disintegrated chloroplast structure,disappeared thylakoid structure,broken cell membrane and organelle structure were observed. Moreover,chlorophyll contents of F. parvifolia under Pb~(2+) +Cd~(2+) combined stresses were lower than single stress treatment. In a word,the changes of chlorophyll contents,the leaf cell ultrastructure and the chloroplast ultrastructure indicated that the damaged degree of F. parvifolia seedlings was Pb~(2+) +Cd~(2+) combined stress > Cd~(2+) stress> Pb~(2+) stress
引文
[1]温瑀,穆立蔷.土壤铅、镉胁迫对4种绿化植物生长、生理及积累特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):234-240.
[2]冯鹏,孙力,申晓慧,等.多年生黑麦草对Pb、Cd胁迫的响应及富集能力研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):153-162.
[3]徐卫红,王宏信,王正银.锌、镉复合污染对重金属蓄集植物黑麦草养分吸收及锌、镉积累的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2006,11(1):70-74.
[4]张黛静,马建辉,杨淑芳,等.硅对铜胁迫下小麦幼根细胞超微结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(8):2385-2389.
[5]黄凯丰,江解增.复合胁迫下茭白体内镉、铅的亚细胞分布和植物络合素的合成[J].植物科学学报,2011,29(4):502-506.
[6]唐探,姜永雷,张瑛,等.铅、镉胁迫对云南樟幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(11):2655-2658.
[7]张永超.白榆对重金属铅、镉吸收积累特性及光合响应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[8]郑国华,张贺英,钟秀容.低温胁迫下枇杷叶片细胞超微结构及膜透性和保护酶活性的变化[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):739-745.
[9]Alscher R G,Erturk N,Heath L S.Role of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in controlling oxidatives stress in plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(372):1331-1341.
[10]林霞,郑坚,陈秋夏,等.Na Cl胁迫对无柄小叶榕光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(4):70-74.
[11]Inskeep W P,Bloom P R.Extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a and b in N,N-Dimethylformamide and80%acetone[J].Plant Physiology,1985,77(2):483-485.
[12]徐学华,黄大庄,王连芳,等.土壤铅、镉胁迫对红瑞木生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):213-216.
[13]周朝彬,胡庭兴,胥晓刚.铅胁迫对草木樨中叶绿素含量和几种光合特性的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2005,23(4):432-435.
[14]谷绪环,金春文,王永章,等.重金属Pb与Cd对苹果幼苗叶绿素含量和光合特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(24):10328-10331.
[15]赵殊,施晓东,常学秀.Cd,Zn复合污染对小麦叶绿素含量的影响[J].曲靖师范学院学报,2004,23(3):18-19.
[16]朱宇林,曹福亮,汪贵斌,等.Cd、Pb胁迫对银杏光合特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(1):47-50.
[17]李学孚,倪智敏,吴月燕,等.盐胁迫对‘鄞红’葡萄光合特性及叶片细胞结构的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4436-4444.
[18]武传兰,王长海,梁明祥,等.盐胁迫对不同品系杨树幼苗生长、细胞超微结构和离子稳态的影响[J].植物学报,2012,47(6):615-624.
[2]冯鹏,孙力,申晓慧,等.多年生黑麦草对Pb、Cd胁迫的响应及富集能力研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):153-162.
[3]徐卫红,王宏信,王正银.锌、镉复合污染对重金属蓄集植物黑麦草养分吸收及锌、镉积累的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2006,11(1):70-74.
[4]张黛静,马建辉,杨淑芳,等.硅对铜胁迫下小麦幼根细胞超微结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(8):2385-2389.
[5]黄凯丰,江解增.复合胁迫下茭白体内镉、铅的亚细胞分布和植物络合素的合成[J].植物科学学报,2011,29(4):502-506.
[6]唐探,姜永雷,张瑛,等.铅、镉胁迫对云南樟幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(11):2655-2658.
[7]张永超.白榆对重金属铅、镉吸收积累特性及光合响应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[8]郑国华,张贺英,钟秀容.低温胁迫下枇杷叶片细胞超微结构及膜透性和保护酶活性的变化[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):739-745.
[9]Alscher R G,Erturk N,Heath L S.Role of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in controlling oxidatives stress in plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(372):1331-1341.
[10]林霞,郑坚,陈秋夏,等.Na Cl胁迫对无柄小叶榕光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(4):70-74.
[11]Inskeep W P,Bloom P R.Extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a and b in N,N-Dimethylformamide and80%acetone[J].Plant Physiology,1985,77(2):483-485.
[12]徐学华,黄大庄,王连芳,等.土壤铅、镉胁迫对红瑞木生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):213-216.
[13]周朝彬,胡庭兴,胥晓刚.铅胁迫对草木樨中叶绿素含量和几种光合特性的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2005,23(4):432-435.
[14]谷绪环,金春文,王永章,等.重金属Pb与Cd对苹果幼苗叶绿素含量和光合特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(24):10328-10331.
[15]赵殊,施晓东,常学秀.Cd,Zn复合污染对小麦叶绿素含量的影响[J].曲靖师范学院学报,2004,23(3):18-19.
[16]朱宇林,曹福亮,汪贵斌,等.Cd、Pb胁迫对银杏光合特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(1):47-50.
[17]李学孚,倪智敏,吴月燕,等.盐胁迫对‘鄞红’葡萄光合特性及叶片细胞结构的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4436-4444.
[18]武传兰,王长海,梁明祥,等.盐胁迫对不同品系杨树幼苗生长、细胞超微结构和离子稳态的影响[J].植物学报,2012,47(6):615-624.