从朱陆之争论钱时《大学管见》之意义
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摘要
自从二程《大学》改本出,后有林之奇、朱熹等改本,勇于疑经改经,后来基本上以朱熹改本为宗。钱时属陆九渊一派,一反其师杨简对《大学》的攻驳,转信古本《大学》,以此反对改本。其核心观念主张《大学》古本为完书,并无错简,反对朱熹改本,进而为心学张本。《大学管见》是象山一派留存至今完整且较早阐释《大学》的文献,是象山后学以古本《大学》为基准,对朱熹改本在学理上的较早回应。钱时又首先釐分古本《大学》为六章,之后用古本者在此基础上又有七章、八章、九章、十三章之分,钱时的先导之功理当表彰。
Since the revised version of "Daxue"by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi,Lin Zhiqi and Zhu Xi also revised the book,and Zhi Xi's version was the most famous one.Qian Shi belonged to the same group as Lu Jiuyuan,who,although he was a student of Yang Jian,disagreed with his teacher by believing in the original "Daxue".He argued that the original "Daxue"was a complete book without errors,and he was opposed to the revised version by Zhu Xi."Daxue Guanjian"was the complete and early literature illustrating "Daxue"that had been kept till now by Xiangshan school,and was an early theoretical response to the revised version by Zhu Xi based on the original "Daxue".Qian Shi divided "Daxue"into six chapters.After that,many scholars divided it into seven chapters,eight chapters,nine chapters and thirteen chapters on the basis of this.Qin Shi's leading role deserved much commendation.
Since the revised version of "Daxue"by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi,Lin Zhiqi and Zhu Xi also revised the book,and Zhi Xi's version was the most famous one.Qian Shi belonged to the same group as Lu Jiuyuan,who,although he was a student of Yang Jian,disagreed with his teacher by believing in the original "Daxue".He argued that the original "Daxue"was a complete book without errors,and he was opposed to the revised version by Zhu Xi."Daxue Guanjian"was the complete and early literature illustrating "Daxue"that had been kept till now by Xiangshan school,and was an early theoretical response to the revised version by Zhu Xi based on the original "Daxue".Qian Shi divided "Daxue"into six chapters.After that,many scholars divided it into seven chapters,eight chapters,nine chapters and thirteen chapters on the basis of this.Qin Shi's leading role deserved much commendation.
引文
[1]程敏政.篁墩文集[M].文渊阁《四库全书》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[2]黄宗羲.宋元学案[M].陈金生,梁运华点校,北京:中华书局,1986.
[3]李纪祥.两宋以来大学改本之研究[M].台北:台湾学生书局,1988.
[4]刘宗周.刘宗周全集(第一册)[M].吴光主编,杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2007.
[5]顾宏义.宋代《四书》文献论考[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2014.
[6]陆九渊.陆九渊集[M].钟哲点校,北京:中华书局,1980.
[7]程元敏.王柏之生平与学术(上册)[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2011.
[8]杨简.杨简遗书[M].文渊阁《四库全书》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[9]杨新勋.宋代疑经研究[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[10]杨简.杨简诗传[M].文渊阁《四库全书》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[11]朱熹.四书章句集注[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[12]钱时.钱时四书管见(第三册)[M].国家图书馆藏明抄本.
[13]吴震.格物诚意不是两事——关于朱熹功夫论思想的若干问题[J].杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2014(6):7-26.
[14]詹初.寒松阁集[M].文渊阁《四库全书》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[15]王阳明.王阳明全集(上册)[M].吴光,钱明,董平等编校,上海:上海古籍出版社,1992.
[16]陈来.有无之境:王阳明的哲学精神[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2013.
[17]吕留良.吕留良全集(第五册)[M].俞国林编,北京:中华书局,2015.
[18]高拱.高拱论著四种[M].北京:中华书局,1993.
[19]郝懿行.郝懿行集(第二册)[M].安作璋主编,济南:齐鲁书社,2010.
(1)杨简疑《大学》,可参见杨新勋先生《宋代疑经研究》。
(2)《两宋以来大学改本之研究》详论《大学》诸改本,对分六章之次及代表人物有简要论述。本文论述于此书取益良多,可参见之。因此书非特论钱子是《大学管见》,故未充分认识到其分节及分六章在学术史上的地位及影响。
[2]黄宗羲.宋元学案[M].陈金生,梁运华点校,北京:中华书局,1986.
[3]李纪祥.两宋以来大学改本之研究[M].台北:台湾学生书局,1988.
[4]刘宗周.刘宗周全集(第一册)[M].吴光主编,杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2007.
[5]顾宏义.宋代《四书》文献论考[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2014.
[6]陆九渊.陆九渊集[M].钟哲点校,北京:中华书局,1980.
[7]程元敏.王柏之生平与学术(上册)[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2011.
[8]杨简.杨简遗书[M].文渊阁《四库全书》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[9]杨新勋.宋代疑经研究[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[10]杨简.杨简诗传[M].文渊阁《四库全书》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[11]朱熹.四书章句集注[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[12]钱时.钱时四书管见(第三册)[M].国家图书馆藏明抄本.
[13]吴震.格物诚意不是两事——关于朱熹功夫论思想的若干问题[J].杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2014(6):7-26.
[14]詹初.寒松阁集[M].文渊阁《四库全书》,上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[15]王阳明.王阳明全集(上册)[M].吴光,钱明,董平等编校,上海:上海古籍出版社,1992.
[16]陈来.有无之境:王阳明的哲学精神[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2013.
[17]吕留良.吕留良全集(第五册)[M].俞国林编,北京:中华书局,2015.
[18]高拱.高拱论著四种[M].北京:中华书局,1993.
[19]郝懿行.郝懿行集(第二册)[M].安作璋主编,济南:齐鲁书社,2010.
(1)杨简疑《大学》,可参见杨新勋先生《宋代疑经研究》。
(2)《两宋以来大学改本之研究》详论《大学》诸改本,对分六章之次及代表人物有简要论述。本文论述于此书取益良多,可参见之。因此书非特论钱子是《大学管见》,故未充分认识到其分节及分六章在学术史上的地位及影响。