黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩矿物组成特征与脆性评价
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摘要
为研究黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩的矿物组成、成因识别的微观特征,并提出适合本区的页岩脆性评价方法,通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜—能谱分析、阴极发光、元素扫描分析、X射线衍射矿物定量分析和三轴压缩实验等方法,研究了黔北地区XY1井牛蹄塘组页岩的矿物组成,并基于岩石物理与矿物组成评价页岩的脆性特征。结果表明,牛蹄塘组页岩的矿物主要由石英和黏土矿物组成,还含有少量的长石、碳酸盐矿物和黄铁矿,其体积分数分别为43.5%,30.3%,11.6%,8.3%和6.2%。在分析矿物含量与弹性模量、泊松比关系的基础上,认为牛蹄塘组下段较上段岩石脆性好,脆性矿物组合为石英、黄铁矿和碳酸盐矿物,脆性矿物体积分数为41.7%～82.3%。沉积环境的不同是造成牛蹄塘组上、下段页岩脆性差异的原因。
In order to study mineral composition characteristics and genesis of the shale of Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in northern Guizhou,and propose a new method of shale brittleness evaluation for this area,the mineral compositions of Niutitang Formation shale in XY1 well in northern Guizhou were studied by meansof thin section identification,scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrum analysis,cathodoluminescence,element scanning analysis,mineral quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and triaxial compression test,and brittleness characteristics of shale were evaluated based on petrophysics and mineral composition. The results show that the minerals of Niutitang Formation mainly consist of quartz and clay minerals,and also contain a small amount of feldspar,carbonate minerals and pyrite,with volume fractions of 43.5%,30.3%,11.6%,8.3% and 6.2%,respectively. By analyzing the relationships of mineral content with elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio,it is considered that the lower part of Niutitang Formation is more brittle than the upper part,and the brittle minerals are composed of quartz,pyrite and carbonate minerals,with the volume fraction of brittle minerals of 41.7%-82.3%. The difference of sedimentary environment is one of the reasons for the difference in rock brittleness.
In order to study mineral composition characteristics and genesis of the shale of Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in northern Guizhou,and propose a new method of shale brittleness evaluation for this area,the mineral compositions of Niutitang Formation shale in XY1 well in northern Guizhou were studied by meansof thin section identification,scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrum analysis,cathodoluminescence,element scanning analysis,mineral quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and triaxial compression test,and brittleness characteristics of shale were evaluated based on petrophysics and mineral composition. The results show that the minerals of Niutitang Formation mainly consist of quartz and clay minerals,and also contain a small amount of feldspar,carbonate minerals and pyrite,with volume fractions of 43.5%,30.3%,11.6%,8.3% and 6.2%,respectively. By analyzing the relationships of mineral content with elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio,it is considered that the lower part of Niutitang Formation is more brittle than the upper part,and the brittle minerals are composed of quartz,pyrite and carbonate minerals,with the volume fraction of brittle minerals of 41.7%-82.3%. The difference of sedimentary environment is one of the reasons for the difference in rock brittleness.
引文
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[2]郗兆栋,唐书恒,李俊,等.沁水盆地中东部海陆过渡相页岩孔隙结构及分形特征.天然气地球科学,2017,28(3):366-376.XI Z D,TANG S H,LI J,et al. Investigation of pore structure and fractal characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale in the east-central of Qinshui Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(3):366-376.
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[4]闫建平,崔志鹏,耿斌,等.四川盆地大安寨段与龙马溪组泥页岩地层差异性分析及意义.岩性油气藏,2016,28(4):16-23.YAN J P,CUI Z P,GENG B,et al. Differences of shale between Longmaxi Formation and Da'anzhai member in Sichuan Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(4):16-23.
[5]程俊,徐晓飞,张文峰,等.上扬子西北缘宁强湾牛蹄塘组有机地球化学特征.岩性油气藏,2017,29(1):21-26.CHENG J,XU X F,ZHANG W F,et al. Organic geochemical characteristics of Niutitang Formation in Ningqiang Bay,the northwestern margin of Upper Yangtze platform. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(1):21-26.
[6]孟凡洋,陈科,包书景,等.湘西北复杂构造区下寒武统页岩含气性及主控因素分析:以慈页1井为例.岩性油气藏,2018,30(5):29-39.MENG F Y,CHEN K,BAO S J,et al. Gas-bearing property and main controlling factors of Lower Cambrian shale in complex tectonic area of northwestern Hunan province:a case of well Ciye 1. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(5):29-39.
[7] ZHANG S L,YAN J P,HU Q H,et al. Integrated NMR and FESEM methods for pore structure characterization of Shahejie shale from the Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2019,100(2):85-94.
[8]郗兆栋,唐书恒,王静,等.中国南方海相页岩气选区关键参数探讨.地质学报,2018,92(6),1313-1323.XI Z D,TANG S H,WANG J,et al. Discussion of evaluation parameters for selecting favorable shale gas area in southern China.Acta Geologica Sinica,2018,92(6):1313-1323.
[9]闫建平,言语,司马立强,等.泥页岩储层裂缝特征及其与“五性”之间的关系.岩性油气藏,2015,27(3):87-93.YAN J P,YAN Y,SIMA L Q,et al. Relationship between fracture characteristics and“five-property”of shale reservoir. Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(3):87-93.
[10] KENT A B. Barnett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:Issues and discussion. AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[11]刁海燕.泥页岩储层岩石力学特性及脆性评价.岩石学报,2013,29(9):344-350.DIAO H Y. Rock mechanical properties and brittleness evaluation of shale reservoir. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):344-350.
[12]赵佩,李贤庆,孙杰,等.川南地区下古生界页岩气储层矿物组成与脆性特征研究.现代地质,2014,28(2):396-403.ZHAO P,LI X Q,SUN J,et al. Study on mineral composition and brittleness characteristics of shale gas reservoirs from the Lower Paleozoic in the southern Sichuan Basin. Geoscience,2014,28(2):396-403.
[13]李钜源.东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成及脆度分析.沉积学报,2013,31(4):616-620.LI J Y. Analysis on mineral components and frangibility of shales in Dongying Depression. Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2013,31(4):616-620.
[14]杨剑.黔北地区下寒武统黑色岩系形成环境与地球化学研究.西安:长安大学,2009.YANG J. Formation environment and geochemistry of the LowerCambrian black rock system in north Guizhou.Xi'an:Chang'an University,2009.
[15]王丽波,久凯,曾维特,等.上扬子黔北地区下寒武统海相黑色泥页岩特征及页岩气远景区评价.岩石学报,2013,29(9):3263-3278.WANG L B,JIU K,ZENG W T,et al. Characteristics of Lower Cambrian marine black shales and evaluation of shale gas prospective area in northern Guizhou,Upper Yangtze region. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):3263-3278.
[16]杨平,汪正江,谢渊,等.黔北下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩的生物标志物特征和沉积环境.地质通报,2012,31(11):1910-1921.YANG P,WANG Z J,XIE Y,et al. The biomarker characteristics and sedimentary environment of Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation source rock in northern Guizhou. Geological Bulletin of China,2012,31(11):1910-1921.
[17] WANG R Y,GU Y,DING W L,et al. Characteristics and dominant controlling factors of organic-rich marine shales with high thermal maturity:a case study of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Cen'gong block,southern China. Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2016,33:81-96.
[18]张慧,吴静,晋香兰,等.牛蹄塘组页岩矿物的成因类型及其地质指示意义.煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(2):61-67.ZHANG H,WU J,JIN X L,et al. The genetic type and its geological indication significance of shale minerals in Niutitang Formation. Coal Geology&Exploration,2018,46(2):61-67.
[19]张慧,晋香兰,张泓,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘汝箕沟煤矿区的石英脉及其地质意义.地质学报,2006,80(5):768-774.ZHANG H,JIN X L,ZHANG H,et al. Quartz vein and its geological significance Rujigou mining area in the west of Ordos Basin. Acta Geologica Sinca,2006,80(5):768-774.
[20]吴朝东,陈其英,雷家锦.湘西震旦—寒武纪黑色岩系的有机岩石学特征及其形成条件.岩石学报,1999,15(3):453-462.WU C D,CHEN Q Y,LEI J J. The genesis factors and organic petrology of black shale series from the upper Sinian to the Lower Cambrian,southwest of China. Acta Petrologica Sinica,1999,15(3):453-462.
[21]张永刚.泥质烃源岩中有机质富集机制.北京:石油工业出版社,2007:93-94.ZHANG Y G. Organic matter enrichment mechanism in muddy source rocks. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:93-94.
[22] DAVID R. Metal sulfide complexes and clusters. Reviews in Mineralogy&Geochemistry,2006,61(1):421-504.
[23] BRANTLEY S L,WILKIN R T,BARNES H L. The size distribution of framboidal pyrite in modern sediments:an indicator of redox conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1996,60(20):3897-3912.
[24]赵迪斐,郭英海,朱炎铭,等.龙马溪组页岩黄铁矿微观赋孔特征及地质意义.沉积学报,2018,36(5):864-876.ZHAO D F,GUO Y H,ZHU Y M,et al. Micropore characteristics and geological significance of pyrite in shale rocks of Longmaxi Formation. Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2018,36(5):864-876.
[25]梁钰,侯读杰,张金川,等.海底热液活动与富有机质烃源岩发育的关系:以黔西北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组为例.油气地质与采收率,2014,21(4):28-32.LIANG Y,HOU D J,ZHANG J C,et al. Hydrothermal activities on the seafloor and evidence of organic-rich source rock from the lower Cambrian Niutitang formation,northwestern Guizhou. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(4):28-32.
[26]陈其英.沉积成矿过程中的生物作用.地球科学进展,1990,5(3):12-14.CHEN Q Y. Biological effects in sedimentary metallogenesis.Advances in Earth Science,1990,5(3):12-14.
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