四川盆地西部龙门山地区中二叠统碳酸盐岩储层特征及勘探方向
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摘要
四川盆地西部龙门山地区近年来相继在ST1井、LT1井中二叠统栖霞组—茅口组钻获高产工业气流,展现出良好的天然气勘探前景。为了进一步认识该区天然气聚集层系的储集性,基于大量的地面露头与钻井资料,采用宏观与微观相结合的方法,分析了该区栖霞组—茅口组的储层特征及其主控因素,并结合已开发气藏的特征,综合评价了有利的天然气勘探区带。研究结果表明:(1)龙门山北段前缘及南段前缘在中二叠世沉积期发育台地边缘滩微相,是有利于规模储集体发育的地区;(2)中二叠统储集体主要为缝洞—孔隙型与孔隙—缝洞型,前者常见于栖霞组,而后者则多见于茅口组;(3)控制中二叠统储层大规模发育的因素主要是沉积微相、白云石化作用、溶蚀作用及构造破裂,沉积微相是储层规模发育的基础,白云石化作用和溶蚀作用改善了储层的渗流能力,构造破裂则促进了大规模的溶蚀改造作用。结论认为:(1)龙门山北段中坝—双鱼石台缘滩区是最有利的天然气勘探区带;(2)龙门山南段莲花山—平落坝台缘滩区是次有利的勘探区带;(3)九龙山—老关庙、大邑—大兴场台内滩区是积极探索寻找大规模岩溶缝洞型气藏的有利区带。
In recent years, high-yield industrial gas flows have been obtained from the Permian Qixia–Maokou strata successively in Wells ST1 and LT1 in the Longmenshan mountain areas in the western Sichuan Basin, and a good gas exploration prospect is presented. To further understand the reservoir property of natural gas accumulation strata in this area, we analyzed the reservoir characteristics of Qixia and Maokou Fms in this area and their main control factors macroscopically and microscopically based on abundant surface outcrops and drilling data. Then, combined with the characteristics of developed gas reservoirs, favorable natural gas exploration zones were evaluated comprehensively. And the following research results were obtained. First, the microfacies of platform marginal banks are developed in the front areas of northern section and southern sections of Longmenshan during the sedimentation of Middle Permian strata, so it is favorable for the development of scale reservoirs. Second, the Middle Permian reservoirs are mainly of fractured-vuggy-porous type and porous-fractured-vuggy type. The former is often occurred in the Qixia Fm while latter is mostly in the Maokou Fm. Third, scale development of Middle Permian reservoirs is mainly dominated by sedimentary microfacies, dolomitization, dissolution and structure fracturing. Among them, sedimentary microfacies are the foundation of scale reservoir development, dolomitization and dissolution improves the seepage capacity of reservoirs and structure fracturing promotes the scale reworking of dissolution. It is concluded that the Zhongba–Shuanyushi platform marginal bank area in the northern section of Longmenshan will be the most favorable gas exploration zone, the Lianhuashan–Pingluoba platform marginal bank area in the southern section of Longmenshan will be the secondary, and the Jiulongshan–Laoguanmiao and Dayi–Daxingchang intra-platform banks will be the favorable zones for the exploration of large karst fractured-vuggy gas reservoirs.
In recent years, high-yield industrial gas flows have been obtained from the Permian Qixia–Maokou strata successively in Wells ST1 and LT1 in the Longmenshan mountain areas in the western Sichuan Basin, and a good gas exploration prospect is presented. To further understand the reservoir property of natural gas accumulation strata in this area, we analyzed the reservoir characteristics of Qixia and Maokou Fms in this area and their main control factors macroscopically and microscopically based on abundant surface outcrops and drilling data. Then, combined with the characteristics of developed gas reservoirs, favorable natural gas exploration zones were evaluated comprehensively. And the following research results were obtained. First, the microfacies of platform marginal banks are developed in the front areas of northern section and southern sections of Longmenshan during the sedimentation of Middle Permian strata, so it is favorable for the development of scale reservoirs. Second, the Middle Permian reservoirs are mainly of fractured-vuggy-porous type and porous-fractured-vuggy type. The former is often occurred in the Qixia Fm while latter is mostly in the Maokou Fm. Third, scale development of Middle Permian reservoirs is mainly dominated by sedimentary microfacies, dolomitization, dissolution and structure fracturing. Among them, sedimentary microfacies are the foundation of scale reservoir development, dolomitization and dissolution improves the seepage capacity of reservoirs and structure fracturing promotes the scale reworking of dissolution. It is concluded that the Zhongba–Shuanyushi platform marginal bank area in the northern section of Longmenshan will be the most favorable gas exploration zone, the Lianhuashan–Pingluoba platform marginal bank area in the southern section of Longmenshan will be the secondary, and the Jiulongshan–Laoguanmiao and Dayi–Daxingchang intra-platform banks will be the favorable zones for the exploration of large karst fractured-vuggy gas reservoirs.
引文
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[4]沈平,张健,宋家荣,洪海涛,唐大海,王小娟,等.四川盆地中二叠统天然气勘探新突破的意义及有利勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2015,35(7):1-9.Shen Ping,Zhang Jian,Song Jiarong,Hong Haitao,Tang Dahai,Wang Xiaojuan,et al.Significance of new breakthrough in and favorable targets of gas exploration in the Middle Permian system,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(7):1-9.
[5]陈宗清.论四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):325-334.Chen Zongqing.Discussion on gas exploration of Middle Permian Qixia Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):325-334.
[6]陈更生,岳宏.四川盆地川西南地区下二叠统气藏类型及有效缝洞分布规律[J].天然气工业,1995,15(6):10-13.Chen Gengsheng&Yue Hong.Gas reservoir types and effective fracture-vug distribution laws of Lower Permian series in the southwest area of Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,1995,15(6):10-13.
[7]张荫本.四川盆地二叠系中的白云岩化[J].石油学报,1982,3(1):29-33.Zhang Yinben.Dolomitization in Permian rocks in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(1):29-33.
[8]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,王铜山,李秋芬,翟秀芬.四川盆地中二叠统中-粗晶白云岩成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4):503-510.Jiang Qingchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,Wang Tongshan,Li Qiufen&Zhai Xiufen.Genesis of medium-macro-crystalline dolomite in the Middle Permian of Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(4):503-510.
[9]杨跃明,段勇,何鲤,李跃纲,李幸运.川西地区天然气勘探新思路[J].天然气工业,2009,29(6):4-8.Yang Yueming,Duan Yong,He Li,Li Yuegang&Li Xingyun.New ideas of gas exploration in western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(6):4-8.
[10]黄先平,杨天泉,张红梅.四川盆地下二叠统沉积相及其勘探潜力区研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(1):10-12.Huang Xianping,Yang Tianquan&Zhang Hongmei.Research on the sedimentary facies and exploration potential areas of Lower Permian in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(1):10-12.
[11]郭佩,刘池洋,王建强,邓煜,赵晓辰,王磊,等.南北构造带北部石炭纪东西沉积边界分合演变及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):215-226.Guo Pei,Liu Chiyang,Wang Jianqiang,Deng Yu,Zhao Xiaochen,Wang Lei,et al.Sedimentary boundary evolution of the Carboniferous in northern North-South tectonic belt,China and its geological significance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(3):215-226.
[12]胡明毅,胡忠贵,魏国齐,杨威,刘满仓.四川盆地茅口组层序岩相古地理特征及储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):2-10.Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei&Liu Mancang.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and reservoir prediction of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):2-10.
[13]向娟,胡明毅,胡忠贵,孟令俊,吴联钱.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组沉积相分析[J].石油地质与工程,2011,25(1):14-19.Xiang Juan,Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,Meng Lingjun&Wu Lianqian.Sedimentary facies analysis of Maokou Formation of Middle Permian in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2011,25(1):14-19.
[14]张延充,刘克难,彭才,杨慧芬,蒲平文.川西九龙山地区下二叠统高能滩地震预测[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):42-45.Zhang Yanchong,Liu Kenan,Peng Cai,Yang Huifen&Pu Pingwen.Seismic prediction of high energy beach reservoirs in the Lower Permian of the Jiulongshan area,western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(6):42-45.
[15]黄士鹏,江青春,汪泽成,苏旺,冯庆付,冯子齐.四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组与茅口组烃源岩的差异性[J].天然气工业,2016,36(12):26-34.Huang Shipeng,Jiang Qingchun,Wang Zecheng,Su Wang,Feng Qingfu&Feng Ziqi.Differences between the Middle Permian Qixia and Maokou source rocks in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(12):26-34.
[16]杨光,汪华,沈浩,杨雨然,贾松,陈文,等.四川盆地中二叠统储层特征与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2015,35(7):10-16.Yang Guang,Wang Hua,Shen Hao,Yang Yuran,Jia Song,Chen Wen,et al.Characteristics and exploration prospects of Middle Permian reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(7):10-16.
[17]张宝民,刘静江.中国岩溶储集层分类与特征及相关的理论问题[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):12-29.Zhang Baomin&Liu Jingjiang.Classification and characteristics of karst reservoirs in China and related theories[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):12-29.
[18]陈明启.川西南下二叠阳新统白云岩成因探讨[J].沉积学报,1989,7(2):45-50.Chen Mingqi.A discussion of the origin of Yangxin dolomite of Lower Permian in Southwest Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1989,7(2):45-50.
[19]舒晓辉,张军涛,李国蓉,龙胜祥,吴世祥,李宏涛.四川盆地北部栖霞组-茅口组热液白云岩特征与成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):442-448.Shu Xiaohui,Zhang Juntao,Li Guorong,Long Shengxiang,Wu Shixiang&Li Hongtao.Characteristics and genesis of hydrothermal dolomites of Qixia and Maokou Formations in northern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(3):442-448.
[20]汪华,沈浩,黄东,石学文,李毅,袁小玲,等.四川盆地中二叠统热水白云岩成因及其分布[J].天然气工业,2014,34(9):25-32.Wang Hua,Shen Hao,Huang Dong,Shi Xuewen,Li Yi,Yuan Xiaoling,et al.Origin and distribution of hydrothermal dolomites of the Middle Permian in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(9):25-32.
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