儿童绘画与观察力培养的实证研究
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摘要
观察力是"思维的知觉",观察力敏锐并善于快速把握事物形象特征的儿童通常都具有突出的绘画能力。通过扩大儿童的观察视野,深化他们观察的层次,培养他们掌握正确的观察方法,能够提高他们的观察力,这是儿童开展创造性绘画的关键环节。研究结果表明:二年级、四年级和六年级儿童的绘画表现出不同年龄段所具有的特点,随着他们年龄的增长,绘画变得更复杂和写实。儿童的观察力也存在极其显著的年级差异,四年级儿童显著高于二年级儿童,六年级儿童显著高于另外两个中低年级儿童。而且绘画水平和观察力均存在显著的性别差异,女生的绘画水平和观察力均显著高于男生;相关分析显示,儿童的观察力与其绘画能力的各个维度均呈显著正相关,说明儿童的观察力越强,他们的绘画水平越高;回归分析的结果表明,观察力对儿童的绘画能力有显著的预测作用,这进一步验证了相关分析。
Children who were observant and good at getting the characters of changeable objects,would be outstanding at painting.Observation was a crucial aspect of children's creative art activities.Developed the ability to observe by enlarging their visual fields,deepening the observed hierarchy and creating the correct observation method.The results showed that:Children of different grades had unique painting styles,their drawings tended to much more realistic and complex as they get older.There were significant grade differences on observation,senior students were better than junior students;Gender made a significant difference on drawings and observation,girls displayed better than boys;The correlation analysis showed that children's observation had significant correlation with their drawing abilities.The better observant,the better drawing abilities;Results of the regression analysis found that children's observation had distinct predictive effect on drawing abilities,which further verify the results of correlation analysis.
Children who were observant and good at getting the characters of changeable objects,would be outstanding at painting.Observation was a crucial aspect of children's creative art activities.Developed the ability to observe by enlarging their visual fields,deepening the observed hierarchy and creating the correct observation method.The results showed that:Children of different grades had unique painting styles,their drawings tended to much more realistic and complex as they get older.There were significant grade differences on observation,senior students were better than junior students;Gender made a significant difference on drawings and observation,girls displayed better than boys;The correlation analysis showed that children's observation had significant correlation with their drawing abilities.The better observant,the better drawing abilities;Results of the regression analysis found that children's observation had distinct predictive effect on drawing abilities,which further verify the results of correlation analysis.
引文
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[2]曾小桦.论观察力在素描教学中的作用[J].美术论坛,2004,(5):53-54.
[3]张晶晶.浅谈幼儿美术教学中创造性思维能力的培养[J].新课程学习(上),2011,(12):11.
[4]Cherney,I.D.,&London,K.L.Gender-linked differences in the toys,television shows,computer games,and outdoor activities of 5-13-year-old children,submitted[J].Sex Roles,2006,54:717-726.
[5]Burkitt,E.,Barrett,M.,&Davis,A.The effect of affective characterisations on the size of children’s drawings[J].British Journal of Developmental Psychology,2003,21:565-584.
[6]Isabelle D.Cherney,Claire S.Seiwert,etc.Children’s Drawings:A mirror to their minds[J].Educational Psychology,2006,26(1):127-142.
[7]Braine,L.G.,Schauble,L.Kugelmass,S.and Winter,A..Representation of depth by children:Spatial strategies and lateral biases[J].Developmental Psychology,1993,29:466-479.
[8]黄玉洁.引生活之水灌美术之园——谈幼儿美术教学与生活的链接[J].课程教育研究,2011,(9):23.
[9]李仁.儿童绘画想像力和创造力的培养[J].大连教育学院学报,2004,(2):33.