高精度平面控制网平距改化公式的分析及推导
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摘要
为解决高精度边角平面控制网往返测平距较差超限和最后平距取值计算的问题,本文对高精度平距改化公式进行分析推导和计算实验。以雅安硗碛水库边坡变形监测平面控制网为例,分析其往返测平距较差超限的原因,并通过对斜距改化为平距结果的分析与比较,验证了当测距边较长和边长两端点高差较大时,斜距改化为平距必须考虑地球曲率、大气折光和投影面高程影响的结论,以及考虑了球气差改正后的平距还需进一步归算到测边平均高程面或测区平均高程面后再计算往返测平距均值的结论。
In order to solve the problem of over-limit of the round-trip measurements and calculating the value of the nearest distance from the high-precision plane control network, this paper analyzes and deduces the formula of high precision horizontal distance modification. Taking the plane control network of slope deformation monitoring of Qiaoqi Reservoir in Ya'an as an example, this paper analyzes the reason for the over-limit of the round-trip measurements, and analyses and compares the result that the slant distance is changed to horizontal distance, which verified the following conclusion: when the height difference between the two sites is large, we have to take the effect of the curvature of the earth, the atmospheric refraction and the projection plane elevation into consideration, and to be further calculated to the average height of the measured edge or the average height of the survey area and then calculate the average distance.
In order to solve the problem of over-limit of the round-trip measurements and calculating the value of the nearest distance from the high-precision plane control network, this paper analyzes and deduces the formula of high precision horizontal distance modification. Taking the plane control network of slope deformation monitoring of Qiaoqi Reservoir in Ya'an as an example, this paper analyzes the reason for the over-limit of the round-trip measurements, and analyses and compares the result that the slant distance is changed to horizontal distance, which verified the following conclusion: when the height difference between the two sites is large, we have to take the effect of the curvature of the earth, the atmospheric refraction and the projection plane elevation into consideration, and to be further calculated to the average height of the measured edge or the average height of the survey area and then calculate the average distance.
引文
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[8] 王建华,胡亚轩,高勤生等. 全站仪水平距离的归算及在精密测量中的应用[J]. 测绘科学,2011,36(6):222～223,206.Wang Jianhua, Hu Yaxuan, Gao Qinsheng et al. Calculation of total station horizontal distance and its application in precision measurement [J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping,2011,36(6):222～223,206. (in Chinese)
[9] 施一民. 电磁波测距边归算至投影面的公式论证及应用讨论[J]. 测绘通报,2000,(12):6～7.Shi Yimin. The application and demonstration for reduction formula of special side to projection surface [J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2000,(12):6～7. (in Chinese)
[10] 刘素云. 全站仪平距归算问题的探讨[J]. 科技创新与应用,2013,(36):33.Liu Suyun. Discussion on the problem of horizontal distance of total station [J]. Technology Innovation and Application,2013, (36): 33. (in Chinese)
[2] 张燕. 精密工程测量及其应用[J]. 科技创新与应用,2014,(28):286.Zhang Yan. Precision engineering survey and its application [J]. Technology Innovation and Application,2014,(28):286. (in Chinese)
[3] 郭达志,周丙申,聂恒庄. 大地测量仪器学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1986.Guo Dazhi, Zhou Bingshen, Nie Hengzhuang. Geodesy instrumentation [M]. Beijing: China Coal Industry Publishing House, 1986. (in Chinese)
[4] 赵振兴,何军,杨海涛. 全站仪水平距离归算在安钢工程测量中的应用及探讨[J]. 河南冶金,2012,20(3):22～23,39.Zhao Zhenxing, He Jun, Yang Haitao. Application and exploration on engineering survey to the correction of horizontal distance observed with total station [J]. Henan Metallurgy, 2012,20(3):22～23,39. (in Chinese)
[5] 吴迪军,何广源,熊伟. 对现行规范中光电测距倾斜改正公式的探讨[J]. 测绘通报,2013,(10):73～75.Wu Dijun, He Guangyuan, Xiong Wei. Analysis of the tilt correction formula in electro-optical distance measurement based on current specifications [J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2013,(10):73～75. (in Chinese)
[6] 中华人民共和国国家标准.工程测量规范(GB 50026-2007)[S]. 北京:测绘出版社,2008.The State Standard of the People’s Republic of China.Code for engineering surveying(GB 50026-2007)[S]. Beijing: Surveying and Mapping Press,2008. (in Chinese)
[7] 中华人民共和国国家标准.中、短程光电测距规范(GB/T 16818-2008)[S]. 北京:测绘出版社,2008.The State Standard of the People’s Republic of China. Specifications for short to medium ranges electro-optical distance measurements (GB/T 16818-2008)[S]. Beijing: Surveying and Mapping Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
[8] 王建华,胡亚轩,高勤生等. 全站仪水平距离的归算及在精密测量中的应用[J]. 测绘科学,2011,36(6):222～223,206.Wang Jianhua, Hu Yaxuan, Gao Qinsheng et al. Calculation of total station horizontal distance and its application in precision measurement [J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping,2011,36(6):222～223,206. (in Chinese)
[9] 施一民. 电磁波测距边归算至投影面的公式论证及应用讨论[J]. 测绘通报,2000,(12):6～7.Shi Yimin. The application and demonstration for reduction formula of special side to projection surface [J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2000,(12):6～7. (in Chinese)
[10] 刘素云. 全站仪平距归算问题的探讨[J]. 科技创新与应用,2013,(36):33.Liu Suyun. Discussion on the problem of horizontal distance of total station [J]. Technology Innovation and Application,2013, (36): 33. (in Chinese)