贵州发现毛翼管鼻蝠和华南菊头蝠及其回声定位声波特征
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摘要
2017年5月分别在贵州省兴义市和安龙县用雾网采集到1只大体型雌性管鼻蝠和2只小体型雄性菊头蝠,经鉴定为毛翼管鼻蝠(Harpiocephalus harpia)和华南菊头蝠(Rhinolophus huananus),属贵州省翼手目新分布记录。所采集的毛翼管鼻蝠雌性个体可能为怀孕个体,故测量相关数据并鉴定后原地放归野外。华南菊头蝠标本保存于东北师范大学环境学院。毛翼管鼻蝠(1♀):鼻部呈短管状,全身被毛厚密而柔软,后足、翼膜和尾膜均被覆黄褐色绒毛;体重14.01 g,前臂长48.23 mm;回声定位声波为调频(FM)型,静止状态下声波峰频为(56.04±4.52)k Hz。华南菊头蝠(2♂):耳大,对耳屏相对较小;鼻叶之蹄状叶宽大,完全覆盖吻部;鞍状叶小,其高略超过其宽,近乎矩形;体毛烟褐色;2只样本体重分别为4.52 g、4.12 g,前臂长40.70 mm、40.00 mm;头骨狭长,颅全长16.35 mm、16.46 mm,颅宽8.11 mm、8.14 mm;回声定位声波属调频-恒频-调频(FM-CF-FM)型,静止状态下峰频分别为(68.48±0.08)k Hz、(67.18±0.06)k Hz。2种蝙蝠物种在贵州省为首次发现,扩大了其在国内的分布范围,丰富了生态资料,为进一步的研究和保护提供了基础资料。
In May 2017, one large female tube-nosed bat and two small male horseshoe bats were collected in Xingyi City and Anlong County of Guizhou Province by using mist net, respectively. One of them was identified as Hairy-winged Bat(Harpiocephalus harpia), the other two were identified as Rhinolophus huananus based on the characteristics of external morphology, skull and echolocation calls, which are two new records of Chiroptera in Guizhou Province. We observed a slight bulge in the abdomen of the female H. harpia, which indicated it may be pregnant. Thus, it was released after external morphology was measured and photographed. In this case, its skull data was absent. The specimens of R. huananus were preserved in College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, China. H. harpia has short tube of the nostrils. Its pelage was thick and soft, and hind foot, wing membrane and uropatagium were covered with tawny hair(Fig. 1). The body weight is 14.01 g with forearm length 48.23 mm(Table 1). The echolocation call of this species is frequency modulation(FM) type with peak frequency 56.04 ± 4.52 k Hz at resting status(Fig. 2 a, Table 2). R. huananus has large ears but relatively small of the tragus. The wide noseleaf of horseshoe was completely covered its muzzle. Its sella was short(height slightly more than width) with almost rectangular, and in not being tongue shaped(Fig. 3 a). The body weight of the two specimens was 4.52 g and 4.12 g, and forearm length was 40.70 mm and 40.00 mm(Table 3). The skull narrow(Fig. 3 b), and the greatest length of skull was 16.35 mm and 16.46 mm(Table 3). The type of echolocation sounds is frequency modulation-constant frequency-frequency modulation(FM-CF-FM), and the peak frequency are 68.48 ± 0.08 k Hz and 67.18 ± 0.06 k Hz at resting status(Fig. 2 b, Table 2). The discovery of two bats species expanded their distribution region in China, enriched the ecological data and provided the basic basis for further research and protection.
In May 2017, one large female tube-nosed bat and two small male horseshoe bats were collected in Xingyi City and Anlong County of Guizhou Province by using mist net, respectively. One of them was identified as Hairy-winged Bat(Harpiocephalus harpia), the other two were identified as Rhinolophus huananus based on the characteristics of external morphology, skull and echolocation calls, which are two new records of Chiroptera in Guizhou Province. We observed a slight bulge in the abdomen of the female H. harpia, which indicated it may be pregnant. Thus, it was released after external morphology was measured and photographed. In this case, its skull data was absent. The specimens of R. huananus were preserved in College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, China. H. harpia has short tube of the nostrils. Its pelage was thick and soft, and hind foot, wing membrane and uropatagium were covered with tawny hair(Fig. 1). The body weight is 14.01 g with forearm length 48.23 mm(Table 1). The echolocation call of this species is frequency modulation(FM) type with peak frequency 56.04 ± 4.52 k Hz at resting status(Fig. 2 a, Table 2). R. huananus has large ears but relatively small of the tragus. The wide noseleaf of horseshoe was completely covered its muzzle. Its sella was short(height slightly more than width) with almost rectangular, and in not being tongue shaped(Fig. 3 a). The body weight of the two specimens was 4.52 g and 4.12 g, and forearm length was 40.70 mm and 40.00 mm(Table 3). The skull narrow(Fig. 3 b), and the greatest length of skull was 16.35 mm and 16.46 mm(Table 3). The type of echolocation sounds is frequency modulation-constant frequency-frequency modulation(FM-CF-FM), and the peak frequency are 68.48 ± 0.08 k Hz and 67.18 ± 0.06 k Hz at resting status(Fig. 2 b, Table 2). The discovery of two bats species expanded their distribution region in China, enriched the ecological data and provided the basic basis for further research and protection.
引文
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Wu Y,Motokawa M,Harada M.2008.A new species of horseshoe bat of the genus Rhinolophus from China(Chiroptera:Rhinolophidae).Zoological Science,25(4):438-443.
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侯淋淋,江廷磊,林爱青,等.2017.大蹄蝠头骨形态地理变化.兽类学报,37(3):241-250.
蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,等.2015.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布.北京:科技出版社,71-138.
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盛和林.2005.中国哺乳动物图鉴.郑州:河南科学技术出版社,140-142.
Smith A T,解焱.2009.中国兽类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社,352.
王应祥.2003.中国哺乳动物种和亚种分类名录与分布大全.北京:中国林业出版社,59.
杨奇森,夏霖,冯祚建,等.2007.兽类头骨测量标准Ⅴ:食虫目、翼手目.动物学杂志,42(2):56-62.
杨天友.2016.贵州省翼手类名录修订.生物多样性,24(8):957-962.
余文华,胡宜锋,郭伟健,等.2017.毛翼管鼻蝠在湖南的新发现及中国适生分布区预测.广州大学学报:自然科学版,16(3):15-20.
张荣祖.1997.中国哺乳动物分布.北京:中国林业出版社,54.
周全,徐忠鲜,余文华,等.2014.广东省南岭发现毛翼管鼻蝠及其核型与回声定位声波特征.动物学杂志,49(1):41-45.
Csorba G,Ujhelyi P,Thomas N.2003.Horseshoe Bats of the World(Chiroptera:Rhinolophidae).Shropshire:Alana Books.
Francis C M.2008.A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia.London:New Holland Publishers,392.
Kuroda N.1936.Two new additions to the lists of formosan birds and mammals.Doubutsugaku Zasshi,48(8):465-468.
Lin L K,Harada M,Motokawa M,et al.2006.Updating the occurrence of Harpiocephalus harpia(Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)and its karyology in Taiwan.Mammalia,70(1/2):170-172.
Tu V T,Hassanin A,G?rf?l T,et al.2017.Integrative taxonomy of the Rhinolophus macrotis complex(Chiroptera,Rhinolophidae)in Vietnam and nearby regions.Journal of Zoological Systematics&Evolutionary Research,55(3):177-198.
Wu Y,Motokawa M,Harada M.2008.A new species of horseshoe bat of the genus Rhinolophus from China(Chiroptera:Rhinolophidae).Zoological Science,25(4):438-443.
陈柏承,余文华,吴毅,等.2015.毛翼管鼻蝠在广西和江西分布新纪录及其性二型现象.四川动物,34(2):211-215.
冯江.2001.蝙蝠回声定位行为生态研究.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,116-138.
郭伟健,王晓云,张秋萍,等.2016.华南菊头蝠的回声定位声波特征与分析.四川动物,35(1):70-73.
侯淋淋,江廷磊,林爱青,等.2017.大蹄蝠头骨形态地理变化.兽类学报,37(3):241-250.
蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,等.2015.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布.北京:科技出版社,71-138.
罗蓉,谢家骅,辜永河,等.1993.贵州兽类志.贵阳:贵州科技出版社,94-95.
彭鸿绶,彭燕章.1972.我国鸟兽的首次记录.云南动物研究所科研工作汇编,(2):1-7.
盛和林.2005.中国哺乳动物图鉴.郑州:河南科学技术出版社,140-142.
Smith A T,解焱.2009.中国兽类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社,352.
王应祥.2003.中国哺乳动物种和亚种分类名录与分布大全.北京:中国林业出版社,59.
杨奇森,夏霖,冯祚建,等.2007.兽类头骨测量标准Ⅴ:食虫目、翼手目.动物学杂志,42(2):56-62.
杨天友.2016.贵州省翼手类名录修订.生物多样性,24(8):957-962.
余文华,胡宜锋,郭伟健,等.2017.毛翼管鼻蝠在湖南的新发现及中国适生分布区预测.广州大学学报:自然科学版,16(3):15-20.
张荣祖.1997.中国哺乳动物分布.北京:中国林业出版社,54.
周全,徐忠鲜,余文华,等.2014.广东省南岭发现毛翼管鼻蝠及其核型与回声定位声波特征.动物学杂志,49(1):41-45.