回族聚居地区新建型城镇空间增长格局研究——以宁夏吴忠市红寺堡镇为例
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摘要
回族聚居地区新建型城镇一般是指西北民族地区在扶贫工程、生态移民工程、大村庄合并等补齐短板的小康社会建设中,在适宜生产生活区域建设的回族人口占比较大的新城镇,其受政府行为和城镇规划影响深刻,与普通城镇的空间自组织与他组织相结合增长过程有着明显区别。以宁夏中部扬黄新灌区吴忠市红寺堡镇为例,利用2005年、2010年和2016年3期遥感影像,运用土地利用动态度模型、空间自相关模型和核密度估算等方法,探讨回族聚居地区新建城镇的空间增长格局特征。结果表明:(1)红寺堡镇从早期居住用地占主体的用地模式逐步转变为居住—工矿仓储—公园绿地为主导的复合型用地模式,红寺堡镇作为新建城镇,城镇空间增长初期主要以公共服务与基础设施用地、商服用地、城市院落用地为主形成城市核心区,呈星型原始增长模式;随着城镇人口的增多,城镇空间增长速度加快,空间呈现轴带状及跳跃式的混合拓展增长,在城镇规划引导下,用地类型中公园与绿地等生态用地、以高层建筑为主的住宅小区和工矿仓储用地占比显著上升,用地模式逐渐向复合型用地模式转变。(2)Global Moran’s I指数研究显示,经过近10多年的城镇建设,尤其是在科学合理的城镇规划作用下,各用地类型的空间自相关在逐渐增强,空间格局呈现集聚态势;基于3次城镇规划及土地利用规划,以功能性用地的混合布局为特征,城镇用地的总体格局没有发生剧烈变化,仅在原有基础之上进行了微调,城镇空间增长趋于稳定,用地类型、用地结构比例趋于合理,新型小城镇建设成效初见端倪。(3)作为回族聚居小城镇,红寺堡镇区清真寺空间分布格局变化较小,总体呈现西南部相对密集,东北部相对稀少的特征,与各个时段内农业聚落大范围分布有密切关系;近些年镇区出现清真寺由低密度蔓延态势向高密度蔓延转变,这种变化主要受教派体系较多的回族文化特征影响,空间分布与各教派教众人口分布的随机性有较高的一致性。
The newly built towns in Hui nationality areas generally refer to the new towns with relatively large Hui nationality population ratio in the areas suitable for production and living due to the implementation of some projects,such as poverty alleviation projects,ecological migration projects and the amalgamation of large villages,which is deeply influenced by government behavior and urban planning,and is thus different from process of spatial self-organization in ordinary towns. This Paper took Hongsibu town at Wuzhong City of Ningxia,China as the typical research area,using 3 remotely sensed images from 2005,2010 and 2016 respectively with the support of GIS technology and Geo DA software,using land use dynamic model,spatial autocorrelation model and kernel density estimation methods,analyzed the spatial growth pattern evolution of the newly built town. The results showed follows:( 1)Hongsibu Town has been gradually changed from early residential land use model to a compound land use model dominated by the residential-industrial and mining warehousing-green park space. Hongsibu Town as a new town,the initial period of its urban space growth focused on public services and infrastructure land,commercial use land,urban courtyard land to construct the central urban district in a star growth model. With the increase of urban population and acceleration of urban spatial growth,the expansion of the space appeared in the shape of an axis band with salutatory changes and the ratio of the land use for the parks and green space of ecological land,residential areas with high-rise buildings and industrial and mining storage land has been increased significantly under the guidance of urban planning. The spatial growth of township showed a trend of filling and expanding northward,and various kinds of urban land were reserved in the early stage of town planning,agricultural villages were the main land use type in the south.( 2) Global Moran's I index research showed the spatial autocorrelation of various types of land use in towns is gradually being increased and the spatial agglomeration situation appears. Characterized by the mixed layout of functional land,urban spatial growth tends to be stable; the land use type and land use structure ratio tend to be reasonable; the effect of construction new small towns starts to show up.( 3) As the Hui population settlement town,Hongsibu had its spatial distribution pattern of mosques not change from 2005 to 2016,showing a relatively dense distribution in the southwest and a relatively sparse distribution in the northeast,which is closely related to the space distribution of agricultural population in every period. But in recent years there has been a trend for the mosque distribution to increase from the low density to high density,which is mainly influenced by the Hui culture with many religious sects. This spatial distribution is highly consistent with the population distribution of different denominations. The spatial growth of newly built towns of Hui nationality has distinct national characteristics.This paper studies and analyzes the characteristics and laws of the spatial growth pattern in Hongsibu,and clarifies the mechanism of its spatial evolution,which has important theoretical and practical significance for urban construction in northwestern region of China.
The newly built towns in Hui nationality areas generally refer to the new towns with relatively large Hui nationality population ratio in the areas suitable for production and living due to the implementation of some projects,such as poverty alleviation projects,ecological migration projects and the amalgamation of large villages,which is deeply influenced by government behavior and urban planning,and is thus different from process of spatial self-organization in ordinary towns. This Paper took Hongsibu town at Wuzhong City of Ningxia,China as the typical research area,using 3 remotely sensed images from 2005,2010 and 2016 respectively with the support of GIS technology and Geo DA software,using land use dynamic model,spatial autocorrelation model and kernel density estimation methods,analyzed the spatial growth pattern evolution of the newly built town. The results showed follows:( 1)Hongsibu Town has been gradually changed from early residential land use model to a compound land use model dominated by the residential-industrial and mining warehousing-green park space. Hongsibu Town as a new town,the initial period of its urban space growth focused on public services and infrastructure land,commercial use land,urban courtyard land to construct the central urban district in a star growth model. With the increase of urban population and acceleration of urban spatial growth,the expansion of the space appeared in the shape of an axis band with salutatory changes and the ratio of the land use for the parks and green space of ecological land,residential areas with high-rise buildings and industrial and mining storage land has been increased significantly under the guidance of urban planning. The spatial growth of township showed a trend of filling and expanding northward,and various kinds of urban land were reserved in the early stage of town planning,agricultural villages were the main land use type in the south.( 2) Global Moran's I index research showed the spatial autocorrelation of various types of land use in towns is gradually being increased and the spatial agglomeration situation appears. Characterized by the mixed layout of functional land,urban spatial growth tends to be stable; the land use type and land use structure ratio tend to be reasonable; the effect of construction new small towns starts to show up.( 3) As the Hui population settlement town,Hongsibu had its spatial distribution pattern of mosques not change from 2005 to 2016,showing a relatively dense distribution in the southwest and a relatively sparse distribution in the northeast,which is closely related to the space distribution of agricultural population in every period. But in recent years there has been a trend for the mosque distribution to increase from the low density to high density,which is mainly influenced by the Hui culture with many religious sects. This spatial distribution is highly consistent with the population distribution of different denominations. The spatial growth of newly built towns of Hui nationality has distinct national characteristics.This paper studies and analyzes the characteristics and laws of the spatial growth pattern in Hongsibu,and clarifies the mechanism of its spatial evolution,which has important theoretical and practical significance for urban construction in northwestern region of China.
引文
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[9]雒占福,张瑞雪,梁炳伟,等.基于协整分析的城市基础设施与城市空间增长关系研究——以兰州市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(11):55-60.[LUO Zhanfu,ZHANG Ruixue,LIANG Bingwei,et al.A study on the relationship between urban infrastructure and urban spatial growth based on co-integration analysis:A case study of Lanzhou City[J].Journal of Arid Land Resourses and Environment,2015,29(11):55-60.]
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[11]吴巍,周生路,魏也华,等.中心城区城市增长的情景模拟与空间格局演化——以福建省泉州市为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2041-2054.[WU Wei,ZHOU Shenglu,WEI Yehua,et al.Situational simulation and spatial pattern evolution of urban growth in central urban area:A case study of Quanzhou City,Fujian Province[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(11):2041-2054.]
[12]CROOKS A,CASTLE C,BATTY M.Key challenges in agent-based modelling for geospatial simulation[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2008,32(6):417-430.
[13]张有坤,樊杰.基于生态系统稳定目标下的城市空间增长上限研究——以北京市为例[J].经济地理,2012,32(6):53-58.[ZHANG Youkun,FAN Jie.Research on the upper limit of urban spatial growth based on the goal of ecosystem stabilization:A case study of Beijing[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(6):53-58]
[14]关兴良,胡仕林,蔺雪芹,等.武汉城市群城镇用地扩展的动态模式及其驱动机制[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(11):1494-1501.[GUAN Xingliang,HU Shilin,LIN Xueqin,et al.Dynamic pattern of urban land expansion and its mechanism in Wuhan urban agglomeration[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2014,23(11):1494-1501.]
[15]谢中凯.基于多智能体的城市空间增长模型研究[D].南京:南京大学,2015.[XIE Zhongkai.Study on urban spatial growth model based on multi-agent[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2015]
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[17]HAN Yu,JIA Haifeng.Simulating the spatial dynamics of urban growth with an integrated modeling approach:A case study of foshan,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2016,353.107-116.
[18]YANG Haibo,DU Longjiang,GUO Hengliang,et al.Tai’an land use analysis and prediction based on RS and Markov model[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,10(Part C):2625-2630.
[19]TAYYEB A,PIJANOWSKI B.C,PEKIN B.Two rule-based urban growth boundary models applied to the Tehran metropolitan area,Iran[J].Applied Geography,2011,31(3):908-918.
[20]ROBINSON D T,MURRAY-Rust D,RIESER V.Modelling the impacts of land system dynamics on human well-being:Using an agent-based approach to cope with data limitations in Koper,Slovenia[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2012,36(2):164-176.
[21]LAGARIAS A.Urban sprawl simulation linking macro-scale processes to micro-dynamics through cellular automata,an application in Thessaloniki,Greece[J].Applied Geography,2012,34:146-160.
[22]詹云军,朱捷缘,严岩.基于SLEUTH模型的城市空间动态模拟[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):2-9.[ZHAN Yunjun,ZHU Jieyuan,YAN Yan.Dynamic simulation of urban space based on SLEUTH model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(14):2-9.]
[23]EGENHOFER M J,JABICE Glasgow,OLIVER Günther,et al.Progress in computational methods for representing geographical concepts[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,1999,13(8):775-796.
[24]WILSON A G,蔡云龙.地理学与环境—系统分析方法[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.[WILSON A G,CAI Yunlong.Geography and environment:Methods of systematic analysis[M].Beijing:The Commercial Press,1997.
[25]师满江,颉耀文,卫娇娇,等.基于遥感和GIS的农村城镇化进程分析及模式探索[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):292-300.[SHI Manjiang,XIE Yaowen,WEI Jiaojiao,et al.Analysis of process and exploration of mode for rural urbanization based on remote sensing and GIS[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(5):292-300.]
[2]张振龙,顾朝林,李少星.1979年以来南京都市区空间增长模式分析[J].地理研究,2009,28(3):817-828.[ZHANG Zhulong,GU Chaolin,LI Shaoxing.Analysis of spatial growth model in Nanjing metropolitan district since 1979[J].Geographical Research,2009,28(3):817-828]
[3]周春山,叶昌东.中国特大城市空间增长特征及其原因分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(6):728-738.[ZHOU Chunshan,YE Changdong.Spatial growth characteristics of Chinese megacities and their causes[J].Acta Geographical Sinica,2013,68(6):728-738.]
[4]顾朝林,甄峰,张京祥.集聚与扩散:城市空间结构新论[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000.[GU Chaolin,ZHEN Feng,ZHANG Jingxiang.Agglomeration and diffusion:New theories of urban spatial structure[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2000.]
[5]洪世键,曾瑜琦.制度变迁背景下中国城市空间增长驱动力探讨[J].经济地理,2016,36(6):67-73.[HONG Shijian,ZENG Yuqi.Discussion on the driving force of China’s urban spatial growth in the context of institutional change[J].Economic Geography,2016,36(6):67-73.]
[6]吴启焰,陈辉,WU Belinda,等.城市空间形态的最低成本—周期扩张规律:以昆明为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(3):484-494.[WU Qiyan,CHNE Hui,WU Belinda,et al.The minimum cost-cycle expansion law of urban spatial morphology:A case study of Kunming in China[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(3):484-494.]
[7]秦静,方创琳,王洋.基于元胞自动机的城市三维空间增长仿真模拟[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(5):662-671[QIN Jing,FANG Chuanglin,WANG Yang.Simulation of urban three-dimensional spatial growth based on cellular automata[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2013,15(5):662-671.]
[8]王玉国,尹小玲,李贵才.基于土地生态适宜性评价的城市空间增长边界划定——以深汕特别合作区为例[J].城市发展研究,2012,19(11):76-82.[WANG Yuguo,YIN Xiaoling,LI Guicai.Urban spatial growth boundary delimitation based on land ecological suitability evaluation:A case study of Shenshan special cooperation area[J].Urban Development Research,2012,19(11):76-82.]
[9]雒占福,张瑞雪,梁炳伟,等.基于协整分析的城市基础设施与城市空间增长关系研究——以兰州市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(11):55-60.[LUO Zhanfu,ZHANG Ruixue,LIANG Bingwei,et al.A study on the relationship between urban infrastructure and urban spatial growth based on co-integration analysis:A case study of Lanzhou City[J].Journal of Arid Land Resourses and Environment,2015,29(11):55-60.]
[10]洪世键,张京祥.交通基础设施与城市空间增长——基于城市经济学的视角[J].城市规划,2010,34(5):29-34.[HONG Shijian,ZHANG Jingxiang.Traffic infrastructure and urban space growth:A perspective based on urban economics[J].Urban Planning,2010,34(5):29-34.]
[11]吴巍,周生路,魏也华,等.中心城区城市增长的情景模拟与空间格局演化——以福建省泉州市为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2041-2054.[WU Wei,ZHOU Shenglu,WEI Yehua,et al.Situational simulation and spatial pattern evolution of urban growth in central urban area:A case study of Quanzhou City,Fujian Province[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(11):2041-2054.]
[12]CROOKS A,CASTLE C,BATTY M.Key challenges in agent-based modelling for geospatial simulation[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2008,32(6):417-430.
[13]张有坤,樊杰.基于生态系统稳定目标下的城市空间增长上限研究——以北京市为例[J].经济地理,2012,32(6):53-58.[ZHANG Youkun,FAN Jie.Research on the upper limit of urban spatial growth based on the goal of ecosystem stabilization:A case study of Beijing[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(6):53-58]
[14]关兴良,胡仕林,蔺雪芹,等.武汉城市群城镇用地扩展的动态模式及其驱动机制[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(11):1494-1501.[GUAN Xingliang,HU Shilin,LIN Xueqin,et al.Dynamic pattern of urban land expansion and its mechanism in Wuhan urban agglomeration[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2014,23(11):1494-1501.]
[15]谢中凯.基于多智能体的城市空间增长模型研究[D].南京:南京大学,2015.[XIE Zhongkai.Study on urban spatial growth model based on multi-agent[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2015]
[16]BARREDO J I,DEMICHELI L,LAVALLE C,et al.Modelling future urban scenarios in developing countries:An application case study in Lagos,Nigeria[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2004,31(1):65-84.
[17]HAN Yu,JIA Haifeng.Simulating the spatial dynamics of urban growth with an integrated modeling approach:A case study of foshan,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2016,353.107-116.
[18]YANG Haibo,DU Longjiang,GUO Hengliang,et al.Tai’an land use analysis and prediction based on RS and Markov model[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,10(Part C):2625-2630.
[19]TAYYEB A,PIJANOWSKI B.C,PEKIN B.Two rule-based urban growth boundary models applied to the Tehran metropolitan area,Iran[J].Applied Geography,2011,31(3):908-918.
[20]ROBINSON D T,MURRAY-Rust D,RIESER V.Modelling the impacts of land system dynamics on human well-being:Using an agent-based approach to cope with data limitations in Koper,Slovenia[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2012,36(2):164-176.
[21]LAGARIAS A.Urban sprawl simulation linking macro-scale processes to micro-dynamics through cellular automata,an application in Thessaloniki,Greece[J].Applied Geography,2012,34:146-160.
[22]詹云军,朱捷缘,严岩.基于SLEUTH模型的城市空间动态模拟[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):2-9.[ZHAN Yunjun,ZHU Jieyuan,YAN Yan.Dynamic simulation of urban space based on SLEUTH model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(14):2-9.]
[23]EGENHOFER M J,JABICE Glasgow,OLIVER Günther,et al.Progress in computational methods for representing geographical concepts[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,1999,13(8):775-796.
[24]WILSON A G,蔡云龙.地理学与环境—系统分析方法[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.[WILSON A G,CAI Yunlong.Geography and environment:Methods of systematic analysis[M].Beijing:The Commercial Press,1997.
[25]师满江,颉耀文,卫娇娇,等.基于遥感和GIS的农村城镇化进程分析及模式探索[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):292-300.[SHI Manjiang,XIE Yaowen,WEI Jiaojiao,et al.Analysis of process and exploration of mode for rural urbanization based on remote sensing and GIS[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(5):292-300.]