顾及视觉规律的行政区划图自动着色回溯法
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摘要
行政区划图着色需要顾及区域配置、色彩平衡和用户意图等。本文从视觉规律出发,在给定配色模板前提下,研究了图面色彩协调、色彩对比和视觉平衡的定量化方法,并建立了行政区划图着色效果的评价模型。在此基础上,本文提出了行政区划图自动着色的面积均衡约束回溯法。试验结果表明,本方法能较好地顾及行政区划图着色过程中的视觉规律,满足制图要求。
Color design in administrative maps should incorporate and balance area configuration,color harmony,and users' purposes.Based on visual perceptual rules,this paper quantifies color harmony,color contrast and perceptual balance in coloring administrative maps,and a model is suggested to evaluate the coloring quality after color template is selected.Then a backtracking method based on area balance is proposed to compute colored areas.Experiments show that this method can well meet visual perceptual rules while coloring administrative maps,and can be used for later map design.
Color design in administrative maps should incorporate and balance area configuration,color harmony,and users' purposes.Based on visual perceptual rules,this paper quantifies color harmony,color contrast and perceptual balance in coloring administrative maps,and a model is suggested to evaluate the coloring quality after color template is selected.Then a backtracking method based on area balance is proposed to compute colored areas.Experiments show that this method can well meet visual perceptual rules while coloring administrative maps,and can be used for later map design.
引文
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[23]SZABF,BODROGI P,SCHANDA J.Experimental Modeling of Colour Harmony[J].Color Research and Application,2010,35(1):34-49.
[24]NEMCSICS A.Experimental Determination of Laws of Color Harmony.Part 6:Numerical Index System of Color Harmony[J].Color Research and Application,2012,37(5):343-358.
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[26]CHRISTOPHE S,ZANIN C,ROUSSAFFA H.Colours Harmony in Cartography[C]∥Proceedings of the 25th International Cartographic Conference.Paris,France:[s.n.],2011.
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[28]苏为华.多指标综合评价理论与方法问题研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2000.SU Weihua.Research on Multiple-objective-comprehensiveEvaluation[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University,2000.
[2]高建军,关焱,王友亮.专题地图基调色设计研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2008,33(7):766-769.GAO Jianjun,GUAN Yan,WANG Youliang.Design of Basic Tone of Thematic Map Color[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(7):766-769.
[3]韩云,郭庆胜,章莉萍,等.行政区划图自动着色的混合遗传算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007,32(8):748-751.HAN Yun,GUO Qingsheng,ZHANG Liping,et al.Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Coloring Administrative Map[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2007,32(8):748-751.
[4]彭珊鸰,何宗宜,宋鹰,等.图着色的混合遗传算法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(12):1499-1501.PENG Shanling,HE Zongyi,SONG Ying,et al.A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Coloring Map[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2009,34(12):1499-1501.
[5]STEINRCKEN J,PLMER L.Identification of Optimal Colours for Maps from the Web[J].The Cartographic Journal,2013,50(1):19-32.
[6]BREWER C A.Prediction of Simultaneous Contrast between Map Colors with Hunt’s Model of Color Appearance[J].Color Research and Application,1996,21(3):221-235.
[7]CHESNEAU E.A Model for the Automatic Improvement of Colour Contrasts in Maps:Application to Risk Maps[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2011,25(1):89-111.
[8]BREWER C A.The Development of Process-Printed Munsell Charts for Selecting Map Colors[J].The American Cartographer,1989,16(4):269-278.
[9]BREWER C A.Spectral Schemes:Controversial Color Use on Maps[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Systems,1997,24(4):203-220.
[10]SUCHAN T A,BREWER C A.Qualitative Methods for Research on Mapmaking and Map Use[J].The Professional Geographer,2000,52(1):145-154.
[11]BREWER C A,PICKLE L.Evaluation of Methods for Classifying Epidemiological Data on Choropleth Maps in Series[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2002,92(4):662-681.
[12]HARROWER M,BREWER C A.ColorBrewer.org:An Online Tool for Selecting Colour Schemes for Maps[J].The Cartographic Journal,2003,40(1):27-37.
[13]BREWER C A.Basic Mapping Principles for Visualizing Cancer Data Using Geographic Information Systems(GIS)[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2006,30(2Suppl):S25-S36.
[14]CHRISTOPHE S.Creative Colours Specification Based on Knowledge(COLorLEGend system)[J].The Cartographic Journal,2011,48(2):138-145.
[15]郭礼珍,李霖.政区地图设色方案的自动实现[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(11):1025-1029.GUO Lizhen,LI Lin.Automatic Implementation of Color Design in Administrative Map[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(11):1025-1029.
[16]黄丽娜,郑斌,何亮.利用Munsell-HCV模型进行顾及土地利用专题信息的多色等高线配色研究[J].测绘学报,2013,42(5):752-759.HUANG Lina,ZHENG Bin,HE Liang.Color Matching of Polychromatic Contour Lines Considering the Land-use Thematic Information Based on the Munsell-HCV Color Harmony Rule[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2013,42(5):752-759.
[17]HU Guosheng,PAN Zhigeng,ZHANG Mingmin,et al.An Interactive Method for Generating Harmonious Color Schemes[J].Color Research and Application,2014,39(1):70-78.
[18]CULP G M.Increasing Accessibility for Map Readers with Acquired and Inherited Colour Vision Deficiencies:A Re-colouring Algorithm for Maps[J].The Cartographic Journal,2012,49(4):302-311.
[19]OLSON J M,BREWER C A.An Evaluation of Color Selections to Accommodate Map Users with Color-vision Impairments[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1997,87(1):103-134.
[20]BURCHETT K E.Color harmony[J].Color Research and Application,2002,27(1):28-31.
[21]FRANCIS G,BIAS K,SHIVE J.The Psychological Fourcolor Mapping Problem[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology:Applied,2010,16(2):109-123.
[22]OU Lichen,LUO M R.A Colour Harmony Model for Two-colour Combinations[J].Color Research and Application,2006,31(3):191-204.
[23]SZABF,BODROGI P,SCHANDA J.Experimental Modeling of Colour Harmony[J].Color Research and Application,2010,35(1):34-49.
[24]NEMCSICS A.Experimental Determination of Laws of Color Harmony.Part 6:Numerical Index System of Color Harmony[J].Color Research and Application,2012,37(5):343-358.
[25]KIM H R,YOO M J,KANG H,et al.Perceptually-based Color Assignment[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2014,33(7):309-318.
[26]CHRISTOPHE S,ZANIN C,ROUSSAFFA H.Colours Harmony in Cartography[C]∥Proceedings of the 25th International Cartographic Conference.Paris,France:[s.n.],2011.
[27]马俊,王光霞,崔秀飞,等.采用力矩平衡原理建立地图视觉平衡模型[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013,38(1):116-120.MA Jun,WANG Guangxia,CUI Xiufei,et al.Using the Principle of Moment Balance Establishing Map’s Visual Balance Modle[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2013,38(1):116-120.
[28]苏为华.多指标综合评价理论与方法问题研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2000.SU Weihua.Research on Multiple-objective-comprehensiveEvaluation[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University,2000.